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OBJECTIVE: To investigate orofacial traits and general factors related to oral health-related quality of life in acromegaly patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study with 34 acromegaly patients was conducted. The OHIP-14 questionnaire was used to assess oral health-related quality of life scores. To assess orofacial and occlusion morphology, an oral evaluation was performed. Correlation measures, multiple linear regression and a structural equation model (SEM) were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The presence of arthrosis (SC = 0.467, SE = 0.155, p = 0.003) and smoking history (SC = 0.459, SE = 0.206, p = 0.026) were associated with a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life. Mandibular protrusion was related to physical pain (ß = 2.74, p = 0.029). Anterior open bite (ß = 4.44, p = 0.004) and anterior crossbite (ß = 2.61, p = 0.026) were related to psychological disability. Diastema was related to social disability (ß = 3.42, p = 0.037) and handicap (ß = 2.74, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that smoking, arthrosis and orofacial alterations (mandibular protrusion, open bite, crossbite and diastema) have a negative impact on oral health-related quality of life in acromegaly patients.
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Various studies have identified that between 2012 and 2017, Brazil's semiarid region suffered severe drought. However, few studies have analyzed whether this drought also affected the eastern coastal region of Northeast Brazil (ENEB). Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify rainfall anomalies in these regions and verify the hydrometeorological impact on reservoirs in the 2012-2017 interval. For this purpose, we used precipitation data and atmospheric variables in the period from 1981 to 2017 to investigate the rainy season and associated dynamic patterns, as well as the consequences of these mechanisms on the variation of the water parameters of important reservoirs. The results indicated that rain events in the ENEB during 2012-2017 presented similar climatological behavior, without the characteristic of a drought event as observed in the semiarid region. The meteorological analyses showed that the combination of convergence with moisture over the Atlantic Ocean possibly favored greater frequency of shallow convective rainfall in ENEB, an important factor to explain the absence of generalized negative anomalies in the region. As a consequence, the reservoirs did not suffer from water collapse, unlike in the semiarid region.
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Secas , Chuva , Oceano Atlântico , Brasil , Estações do AnoRESUMO
Waste cooking oil (WCO) is a valuable feedstock for the synthesis of biodiesel but the product exhibits poor oxidative stability. Techniques available for assessing this parameter are generally expensive and time-consuming, hence the purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and reliable predictive system based on signals from the sensors of a commercial hand-held e-nose instrument. Biodiesels were synthesized from soybean oil and six samples of WCO, and their physicochemical characteristics and oxidative stabilities determined before and after storage in different types of containers for 30 or 60 days at room temperature or 43 °C. Linear regression models were constructed based on principal component analysis of the signals generated by all 32 e-nose sensors and stochastic modeling of signal profiles from individual sensors. The regression model with principal components as predictors was unable to explain the oxidative stability of biodiesels, while the regression model with stochastic parameters (combining signals from 11 sensors) as predictors showed an excellent goodness of fit (R2 = 0.91) with a 45-sample training set and a good quality of prediction (R2 = 0.84) with a 18-sample validation set. The proposed e-nose system was shown to be accurate and efficient and could be used to advantage by producers/distributors of biodiesel in the assessment fuel quality.
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INTRODUCTION: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare tumors and constitute only 1% of all tumors in adults. Indeed, due to their rarity, most cases in Brazil are not treated according to primary international guidelines. METHODS: This consensus addresses the treatment of STSs in the extremities. It was made by workgroups from Brazilian Societies of Surgical Oncology, Orthopaedics, Clinical Oncology, Pathology, Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, and Radiation Oncology. The workgroups based their arguments on the best level of evidence in the literature and recommendations were made according to diagnosis, staging, and treatment of STSs. A meeting was held with all the invited experts and the topics were presented individually with the definition of the degree of recommendation, based on the levels of evidence in the literature. RESULTS: Risk factors and epidemiology were described as well as the pathological aspects and imaging. All recommendations are described with the degree of recommendation and levels of evidence. CONCLUSION: Recommendations based on the best literature regional aspects were made to guide professionals who treat STS. Separate consensus on specific treatments for retroperitoneal, visceral, trunk, head and neck sarcomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, are not contemplated into this consensus.
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Extremidades/patologia , Sarcoma/terapia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/terapia , Biópsia , Brasil , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Extremidades/cirurgia , Humanos , Linfonodos/patologia , Metástase Neoplásica/diagnóstico , Metástase Neoplásica/terapia , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Cuidados Paliativos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Fatores de Risco , Sarcoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Sarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias de Tecidos Moles/patologiaRESUMO
Dysregulation of hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) producing enzymes has been related to hypertensive pregnancy, and H2 S donor, sodium hydrosulphide (NaHS) exerts antihypertensive effects, modulates angiogenic factors production and acts as an antioxidant. Moreover, reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is related to hypertensive pregnancy and H2 S may interact with NO, modulating its production. We aimed to investigate the NaHS effects in hypertension-in-pregnancy and also in feto-placental parameters. Female Wistar rats (200-250 g) were mated and desoxycorticosterone acetate injections followed by replacement of water by 0.9% saline solution were used to induce hypertensive pregnancy. Rats were divided into four groups: normal pregnant (Norm-Preg), pregnant + NaHS (Preg+NaHS), hypertensive pregnant (HTN-Preg) and HTN-Preg+NaHS. Systolic blood pressure was increased in HTN-Preg and this increase was blunted in HTN-Preg+NaHS. Fetal and placental weights were decreased in HTN-Preg animals, while fetal growth restriction was improved in HTN-Preg+NaHS. Placental weight was lower in HTN-Preg+NaHS than in HTN-Preg; however, placental efficiency was re-established in HTN-Preg+NaHS rats. We observed that a partial contribution of placental NO, but not changes in anti-angiogenic factors may mediate the increases in placental efficiency in HTN-Preg+NaHS. HTN-Preg presented thoracic aorta hyperreactivity to phenylephrine while NaHS treatment blunted this hyperreactivity, which seems not to be related to NO-mediated relaxation induced by acetylcholine. Therefore, changes in vascular responsiveness promoted by NaHS treatment may underlie the beneficial effects in systolic blood pressure and feto-placental parameters in our study.
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Sulfeto de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Placenta/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfetos/farmacologia , Vasodilatação/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Aorta/efeitos dos fármacos , Aorta/fisiopatologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Peso Fetal/efeitos dos fármacos , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/metabolismo , Hipertensão Induzida pela Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Malondialdeído/metabolismo , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Nitratos/metabolismo , Nitritos/metabolismo , Placenta/metabolismo , Gravidez , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Sulfetos/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Myeloid malignancies can be either primary or secondary, whether or not a specific cause can be determined. Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare constitutional bone marrow failure, usually presents an increased possibility of clonal evolution, due to the increase in chromosomal instability, TP53 activation, and cell death. The evolution of FA may include aplastic anemia by the progressive failure of the bone marrow and myelod neoplasias, such as acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome. Chromosome abnormalities, particularly of chromosomes, 1, 3, and 7, during the aplastic phase of the disease are predictive of evolution to acute myeloid leukemia/myelodysplastic syndrome. Cytogenetic studies are indispensable to characterize chromosome abnormalities, and thus an important part of the clinical management, and for planning of therapeutic interventions. Here, clinical data and outcomes of 4 FA, 3 of them with myeloid malignances and 1 asymptomatic, and detailed characterization of their chromosome abnormalities using cytogenetics techniques are described.
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Cariótipo Anormal , Anemia de Fanconi/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Adolescente , Doenças Assintomáticas , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Instabilidade Cromossômica/genética , Cromossomos Humanos/ultraestrutura , Células Clonais/patologia , Dengue/complicações , Anemia de Fanconi/complicações , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Humanos , Cariotipagem , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/etiologia , Masculino , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/etiologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologiaRESUMO
Coxsackievirus B (CVB) is a common cause of acute and chronic infectious myocarditis and pancreatitis. Th1 cells producing IFN-γ and TNF-α are important for CVB clearance, but they are also associated with the pathogenesis of inflammatory lesions, suggesting that the modulation of Th1 and Th2 balance is likely important in controlling CVB-induced pancreatitis. We investigated the role of IL-33, which is an important recently discovered cytokine for induction of Th2-associated responses, in experimental CVB5 infection. We found that mice deficient in IL-33R, T1/ST2, significantly developed more severe pancreatitis, had greater weight loss, and contained higher viral load compared with wild-type (WT) mice when infected with CVB5. Conversely, WT mice treated with rIL-33 developed significantly lower viral titers, and pancreatitis was attenuated. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that IL-33 enhances the degranulation and production of IFN-γ and TNF-α by CD8(+) T and NK cells, which is associated with viral clearance. Furthermore, IL-33 triggers the production of IL-4 from mast cells, which results in enhanced differentiation of M2 macrophages and regulatory T cells, leading to the attenuation of inflammatory pancreatitis. Adoptively transferred mast cells or M2 macrophages reversed the heightened pancreatitis in the T1/ST2(-/-) mice. In contrast, inhibition of regulatory T cells exacerbated the disease in WT mice. Together, our findings reveal an unrecognized IL-33/ST2 functional pathway and a key mechanism for CVB5-induced pancreatitis. These data further suggest a novel approach in treating virus-induced pancreatitis, which is a major medical condition with unmet clinical needs.
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Infecções por Coxsackievirus/imunologia , Interleucinas/fisiologia , Pancreatite/imunologia , Receptores de Interleucina/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/metabolismo , Infecções por Coxsackievirus/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Proteína 1 Semelhante a Receptor de Interleucina-1 , Interleucina-33 , Interleucinas/administração & dosagem , Interleucinas/biossíntese , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Knockout , Pancreatite/patologia , Pancreatite/virologia , Receptores de Interleucina/biossíntese , Carga Viral/imunologia , Redução de Peso/imunologiaRESUMO
Introduction Unresectable pancreatic tumors are frequently diagnosed. Initial treatment is carried out with chemotherapy. Eventually, in selected cases, radiotherapy may be used to improve local control rates and relieve the symptoms. The volume of radiotherapy treatment fields is the subject of controversy in the literature. The use of involved fields with the gross tumor volume encompassing the primary tumor and lymph nodes considered clinically positive is associated with a lower rate of side effects, but can lead to a higher rate of regional loco failures, especially in regional lymph nodes. The purpose of this article is to analyze the failure pattern of chemotherapy and involved-field radiation therapy (IFRT) for treating patients with unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Methods Clinical records of thirty consecutive patients treated from March 2016 to June 2020 for unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed. The patients were treated with initial systemic chemotherapy (median: 6 cycles) with regimens based on gemcitabine or oxaliplatin-irinotecan (folfirinox/folfox) followed by radiotherapy (total dose of 50-54 Gy/with fractionation of 2 Gy/day). The patients were treated with IFRT. Local failure (LF) was defined as an increase in radiographic abnormality within the planning target volume (PTV). Elective nodal failure (ENF) was defined as recurrence in any lymph node region outside the PTV. Any other failure was defined as distant failure (DF). Results The median age of the patients was 68 years (range: 44-80 years); 20 patients (66.7%) were men, and 11 (36.6%) and 19 (63.4%) patients presented with tumors of stage II and III, respectively. Most patients (63.3%) had tumors in the pancreatic head. The median survival was 17.2 months. Tumor recurrences were classified as LF, DF, LF and DF in 7 (23.3%), 17 (56.7%), and 5 (16.7%) patients, respectively. Only one patient (3.3%) had both LF and ENF. No severe side effects related to radiotherapy were reported. Conclusion The use of IFRT did not cause a significant amount of ENF, besides presenting low morbidity, which is of special importance for patients with locally advanced tumors or low performance status. The predominant failure pattern was distant metastases.
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Volatile anesthetics may cause vascular dysfunction; however, underlying effects are unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether sevoflurane and isoflurane affect vascular function, nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups: Not anesthetized (control group) or submitted to anesthesia with isoflurane (Iso group) or sevoflurane (Sevo group). Hemodynamic parameters were monitored during anesthesia, and blood gas values and biochemical determinants were analyzed. Isometric contractions were recorded in aortic rings. Vasoconstriction induced by potassium chloride (KCl) and phenylephrine (Phe) were measured. No differences in hemodynamic parameters and blood gasses variables were observed. Impaired KCl and Phe-induced contractions were observed in endothelium-intact aorta of Sevo compared to Iso and Control groups. Redox imbalance was found in Sevo and Iso groups. Reduced NO bioavailability and increased activity of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) were observed in Sevo, but not in the Iso group. While reduced IL-10 and IL-1ß were observed in Sevo, increases in IL-1ß in the Iso group were found. Sevoflurane, but not isoflurane, anesthesia impairs vasocontraction, and reduced NO and cytokines and increased MMP-2 activity may be involved in vascular dysfunction after sevoflurane anesthesia.
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Anestesia , Anestésicos Inalatórios , Isoflurano , Éteres Metílicos , Ratos , Animais , Isoflurano/toxicidade , Sevoflurano , Metaloproteinase 2 da Matriz , Éteres Metílicos/toxicidade , Anestésicos Inalatórios/toxicidade , Ratos WistarRESUMO
The bioavailability impact of serum lipids in compound chocolate products based on structured lipids was studied. Compound chocolate products containing fat with and without structured lipids were digested in vitro under simulated gastrointestinal lipolysis conditions and were studied in vivo in healthy C57BL/6J mice. The in vitro digestion results show that products containing structured lipids, milk compound chocolate filling and white compound coating, significantly reduced the release rate of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) and improved the caloric reduction between 12.49% and 13.71% compared to products without structured lipids, suggesting that FFA were not absorbed. Animal feeding studies revealed no adverse effects on the compound products intake; in fact, these products reduced total cholesterol, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triacylglycerols. The present work shows the relevance of developing functional compound chocolate as providing a potential healthy initiative through the biological effect of the bioactive ingredients incorporated.
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Cacau , Chocolate , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Lipídeos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Background Treatment with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the best option for patients with locally advanced esophageal tumors considered unresectable or for patients without clinical conditions to undergo surgical treatment. Technological advances in radiotherapy in the last decades have made treatment more accurate with less toxicity, and the association with more effective systemic treatment has been gradually improving survival rates. Aim Evaluate clinical prognostic factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with esophageal cancer treated with definitive radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (ChT). Material and methods The clinical records of 60 patients treated from April 2011 until December 2019 with esophageal cancer considered unresectable and/or without clinical conditions for surgery, treated with definitive CRT, were analyzed. All patients had upper digestive endoscopy (UDE) with positive biopsy, neck, chest, and abdominal CT scan, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography (PET-CT). Patients were followed with physical examination and CTs every three months in the first and second years and every six months from the third year of follow-up. UDE was made every three to six months after the end of the treatment or in suspicion of tumor recurrence. PET-CT was also performed in the follow-up when clinically necessary. Local and regional failure (LRF) was defined as abnormalities in the image tests within the planning target volume (PTV) and/or positive biopsy on UDE. Any other failure was defined as a distant failure (DF). PFS was defined in the record of the first tumor recurrence site and OS in the death record from the date of the start of treatment. Results The median age of the patients was 66 years (range: 33 to 83 years) and 46 patients (76.7%) were male. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was the most frequent histological type (85%). Most patients had tumors located in the mid-thoracic esophagus (53.3%) and stage III or IV (59.9%). All patients were treated using 3D (76.7%) or intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT; 23.3%). The median total dose was 50.4Gy (41.4-50.4). All patients received platinum-based ChT concomitant with RT. The most common regimen used was carboplatin and paclitaxel, with a median of five cycles. With a median follow-up of 19 months, the median PFS and OS were 10 and 20 months, respectively. LRF and DF as the first site of failure were observed in 22 (36.6%) and 26 (43.3%) patients, respectively. In the univariate analysis, tumor length lower than 2.6 cm, gross tumor volume (GTV) volume lower than 28 cm3, clinical tumor stages T1 and T2, clinical node stage N0, clinical prognostic stage groups I and II, and complete response to treatment, were statistically significant factors for better PFS and OS. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of clinical nodal stage N0 was related to better PFS (p=0.02). Conclusion Node clinical status was the most important clinical factor for PFS. Despite all the technical progress observed in radiotherapy, treatments concomitant with platinum-based chemotherapy are associated with high levels of LRF and DF. New strategies in systemic therapy and radiotherapy are necessary for improving outcomes.
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BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is an important hallmark of HIV-1 treatment, enabling viral load suppression to undetectable levels and CD4+ T-cell recovery. However, some individuals do not recover the CD4+ T-cell count to normal levels, despite viral suppression. We hypothesize that variation in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways may influence interindividual immune recovery during ART. METHODS: We assessed clinical-epidemiological variables and the allelic/genotypic distribution of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways (TNFRSF1A: rs1800692 and rs767455; TNFAIP3: rs2270926; NFKBIA: rs8904; and TNF-α: rs1800629) and their relationship with immune recovery in ART-treated (1 year) HIV-1-infected individuals. We enrolled 155 HIV-1-infected individuals, with 102 individuals showing immunological success and 53 with immunological failure. RESULTS: Through univariate analysis, we observed that the male sex (60.4%, P = 0.002) showed a higher median of age at treatment onset (34.8 years, P = 0.034) and higher time until virological suppression (6 months, P = 0.035), both risk factors for immune failure. Survival analysis revealed that individuals who started ART treatment with CD4+ T-cell count <200 cells/mm3 took a longer time to immunological recovery (median time = 27 months, P = 0.029). ART containing zidovudine also was associated with immune recovery in univariate e multivariate analysis. Variants in TNFRSF1A (rs767455: T and TT; rs1800692-rs767455: T-T combination) and NFKBIA (rs8904: A) genes were associated with immune failure, whereas NFKBIA (rs8904: GA) and TNF-α (rs1800629: GA) were with CD4+ T-cell recovery. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical-epidemiological variants in genes involved in extrinsic apoptosis pathways might influence the CD4+ T-cell immune recovery.
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Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/efeitos dos fármacos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Soropositividade para HIV , HIV-1/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/genética , Receptores Tipo I de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/uso terapêutico , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Atrazine is an herbicide commonly used in several countries. Due to its long half-life, associated with its use in large scales, atrazine residues remain as environmental pollutants in water bodies. Phytoremediation is often pointed out as an interesting approach to remove atrazine from the aquatic environment, but its practical application is limited by the high toxicity of this herbicide. Here, we characterize the damages triggered by atrazine in Pistia stratiotes, evaluating the role of nitric oxide (NO), a cell-signaling molecule, in increasing the tolerance to the pollutant and the phytoremediation potential of this species. Pistia stratiotes plants were exposed to four treatments: Control; Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (0.05 mg L-1); Atrazine (ATZ) (150 µg L-1) and ATZ + SNP. The plants remained under those conditions for 24 h for biochemical and physiological analysis and 3 days for the evaluation of relative growth rate. The presence of atrazine in plant cells triggered a series of biochemical and physiological damages, such as the increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species, damages to cell membranes, photosynthesis impairment, and negative carbon balance. Despite this, the plants maintained greater growth rates than other aquatic macrophytes exposed to atrazine and showed high bioconcentration and translocation factors. The addition of SNP, a NO donor, decreased the herbicide toxicity, with an increase of over 60% in the IC50 value (Inhibitor Concentration). Indeed, the NO signaling action was able to increase the tolerance of plants to atrazine, which resulted in increments in pollutant uptake and translocation, with the maintenance of overall cell (e.g. membranes) and organs (root system) structure, and the functioning of central physiological processes (e.g. photosynthesis). These factors allowed for more quickly and efficient removal of the pollutant from the environment, reducing costs, and increasing the viability of the phytoremediation process.
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Araceae , Atrazina , Herbicidas , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Atrazina/toxicidade , Biodegradação Ambiental , Herbicidas/toxicidade , Óxido Nítrico , Água , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidadeRESUMO
Selenium (Se) biofortification in crops provides a valuable strategy to enhance human Se intake. However, crops vary greatly with their capacity in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se, and the basis underlying such variations remains to be fully understood. Here, we compared the effects of Se and its analog S treatments on plant growth and biochemical responses between a Se accumulator (arugula) and a non-accumulator (lettuce). Arugula exhibited an increased biomass production in comparison with untreated controls at a higher selenate concentration than lettuce (20 µM vs. 10 µM Na2SeO4), showing better tolerance to Se. Arugula accumulated 3-folds more Se and S than lettuce plants under the same treatments. However, the Se/S assimilation as assessed by ATP sulfurylase and O-acetylserine (thiol)lyase activities was comparable between arugula and lettuce plants. Approximately 4-fold higher levels of Se in proteins under the same doses of Se treatments were observed in arugula than in lettuce, indicating that Se accumulators have better tolerance to selenoamino acids in proteins. Noticeably, arugula showed 6-fold higher ascorbate peroxidase activity and produced over 5-fold more glutathione and non-protein thiols than lettuce plants, which suggest critical roles of antioxidants in Se tolerance. Taken together, our results show that the elevated Se tolerance of arugula compared to lettuce is most likely due to an efficient antioxidant defense system. This study provides further insights into our understanding of the difference in tolerating and metabolizing/accumulating Se between Se accumulators and non-accumulators.
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Brassicaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactuca/efeitos dos fármacos , Selênio/metabolismo , Antioxidantes , Biofortificação , Brassicaceae/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Lactuca/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ácido SelênicoRESUMO
The remarkable phytogeographic characteristics of the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado) resulted in a vegetation domain composed of plants with high structural and functional diversity to tolerate climate extremes. Here we used a key Cerrado species (Dipteryx alata) to evaluate if species of this domain present a mechanism of stress memory, responding more quickly and efficiently when exposed to recurrent drought episodes. The exposure of D. alata seedlings to drought resulted in several changes, mainly in physiological and biochemical traits, and these changes differed substantially when the water deficit was imposed as an isolated event or when the plants were subjected to drought cycles, suggesting the existence of a drought memory mechanism. Plants submitted to recurrent drought events were able to maintain essential processes for plant survival when compared to those submitted to drought for the first time. This differential acclimation to drought was the result of orchestrated changes in several metabolic pathways, involving differential carbon allocation for defense responses and the reprogramming and coordination of primary, secondary and antioxidant metabolism. The stress memory in D. alata is probably linked the evolutionary history of the species and reflects the environment in which it evolved.
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Aclimatação/fisiologia , Dipteryx/fisiologia , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Brasil , Clima , Dipteryx/metabolismo , Secas , Pradaria , Redes e Vias Metabólicas/fisiologia , Fotossíntese/fisiologia , Plântula/metabolismo , Plântula/fisiologia , Água/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the practice of nutritional therapy (NT) by NT multiprofessional teams (NTMTs) in hospitals of the São Paulo metropolitan region to verify its adequacy in meeting the legislation that regulates NT in Brazil. METHODS: This was an open prospective study using active research through an inquiry with a multiple-choice, directed, and descriptive questionnaire, which was evaluated using EPI Info 6.04. Data were presented as median and 25th and 75th percentiles and compared according to the considered outcome. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Of 119 evaluated hospitals in the São Paulo metropolitan region, 84 were located in the city itself and 35 in the surrounding cities. There were 52 hospitals with NTMTs: 35 in the city of São Paulo and 13 in the other cities. No significant statistical differences were found when comparing the hospitals according to size (small, average, large, and specialized) and to the presence of a NTMT. We observed that the philanthropic institutions presented a significantly higher frequency of NTMTs presence. The private, academic, and public hospitals did not present significant differences with regard to the presence of NTMTs. CONCLUSION: The number of NTMTs in the hospitals of the São Paulo metropolitan area is below the requirement established by law; the existence of a NTMT is more frequent in medium and large hospitals; the purchase of the necessary supplies and equipment for the NT practice is more adequate in hospitals with non-public reimbursement; the NTMTs in non-public hospitals were found to be more competent than those in public hospitals in implementing enteral and parenteral nutrition; private hospitals offer better conditions for professional growth for a NTMT staff compared with public hospitals.
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Atenção à Saúde/normas , Hospitais Privados/normas , Hospitais Públicos/normas , Apoio Nutricional/normas , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Brasil , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Número de Leitos em Hospital , Hospitais Privados/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Reembolso de Seguro de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
The prevalence and risk factors for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies were investigated in goats of the Seridó Oriental microregion, Rio Grande do Norte state, Northeast region of Brazil. Three hundred and sixty-six blood samples from goats collected by jugular venopuncture were used. For the serologic diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection, the indirect fluorescent-antibody test (IFAT) with cut-off value 1:64 was carried out. The prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 30.6% [95% CI=25.9-35.6%] with titers ranging from 1:64 to 1:16,384. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors associated to anti-T. gondii antibodies were presence of cats in the herd, extensive/semi-intensive management systems and lack of mineral supplementation.
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Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/imunologia , Toxoplasma/imunologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/imunologia , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/sangue , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Cabras , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Toxoplasmose Animal/sangue , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A fucomannogalactan from Rhizoctonia solani biomass was obtained after hot aqueous extraction and purified by freeze-thaw cycles and gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B. The polysaccharide was homogeneous after HPSEC/RID analysis (Mw/Mn~1.1), displaying an average molecular weight of 15.4×103Da. Its chemical structure was determined by methylation analysis (GC/MS) and spectroscopy (FTIR, 1D and 2D NMR). The polysaccharide had a branched α-1,6-linked Galp backbone with 66% linear residues, a number of which were at O-3 methylated. Side chains (34%) were always linked at O-2 positions of the main chain and consisted of single, non-reducing ends of α-d-Manp (6%) and α-l-Fucp (28%). Analysis of its biological activity showed that the highly purified fucomannogalactan from R. solani inhibited the proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro, but that it did not have the same activity against lung cancer cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Galactanos/química , Polissacarídeos/química , Polissacarídeos/farmacologia , Rhizoctonia/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Polissacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Água/químicaRESUMO
Acidobacteria have been described as one of the most abundant and ubiquitous bacterial phyla in soil. However, factors contributing to this ecological success are not well elucidated mainly due to difficulties in bacterial isolation. Acidobacteria may be able to survive for long periods in soil due to protection provided by secreted extracellular polymeric substances that include exopolysaccharides (EPSs). Here we present the first study to characterize EPSs derived from two strains of Acidobacteria from subdivision 1 belonging to Granulicella sp. EPS are unique heteropolysaccharides containing mannose, glucose, galactose and xylose as major components, and are modified with carboxyl and methoxyl functional groups that we characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both EPS compounds we identified can efficiently emulsify various oils (sunflower seed, diesel, and liquid paraffin) and hydrocarbons (toluene and hexane). Moreover, the emulsions are more thermostable over time than those of commercialized xanthan. Acidobacterial EPS can now be explored as a source of biopolymers that may be attractive and valuable for industrial applications due to their natural origin, sustainability, biodegradability and low toxicity.
Assuntos
Acidobacteria/química , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/química , Polissacarídeos Bacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Biopolímeros , Emulsificantes/química , Emulsificantes/isolamento & purificação , Emulsões/química , Monossacarídeos/química , Reologia , Microbiologia do SoloRESUMO
Beef fat is a natural source of trans (t) fatty acids, and is typically enriched with either t10-18:1 or t11-18:1. Little is known about the bioactivity of individual t-18:1 isomers, and the present study compared the effects of t9-18:1, cis (c)9-18:1 and trans (t)-18:1 fractions isolated from beef fat enriched with either t10-18:1 (HT10) or t11-18:1 (HT11). All 18:1 isomers resulted in reduced human liver (HepG2) cell viability relative to control. Both c9-18:1 and HT11were the least toxic, t9-18:1had dose response increased toxicity, and HT10 had the greatest toxicity (P<0.05). Incorporation of t18:1 isomers was 1.8-2.5 fold greater in triacylglycerol (TG) than phospholipids (PL), whereas Δ9 desaturation products were selectively incorporated into PL. Culturing HepG2 cells with t9-18:1 and HT10 increased (P<0.05) the Δ9 desaturation index (c9-16:1/16:0) compared to other fatty acid treatments. HT10 and t9-18:1 also increased expression of lipogenic genes (FAS, SCD1, HMGCR and SREBP2) compared to control (P<0.05), whereas c9-18:1 and HT11 did not affect the expression of these genes. Our results suggest effects of HT11 and c9-18:1 were similar to BSA control, whereas HT10 and t-9 18:1 (i.e. the predominant trans fatty acid isomer found in partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) were more cytotoxic and led to greater expression of lipogenic genes.