RESUMO
Malassezia furfur, a lipophilic yeast, has become recognized as a cause of sepsis in infants receiving parenteral fat emulsions via indwelling deep venous catheters. Colonization of infants' skin may be a prerequisite to colonization of the intravascular catheter and subsequent infection with M furfur. Three hundred ninety-three surveillance cultures were performed on 146 infants during their first 12 weeks of hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) or the neonatal transitional unit (NTU). In addition, 47 full-term newborn infants and 38 healthy infants in the well-baby clinic were cultured. Colonization rates were greatest (48%) during the second month of hospitalization for the infants in the ICU/NTU group. In contrast, 0 of 47 newborn infants and 2 of 38 healthy infants were colonized. Prematurity and a prolonged length of stay were identified as risk factors for colonization.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido/microbiologia , Malassezia/isolamento & purificação , Pele/microbiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Tempo de Internação , Malassezia/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Técnicas MicrobiológicasAssuntos
Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem Hospitalar , Recursos Humanos em Hospital , Infecções Estafilocócicas/epidemiologia , Coagulase/metabolismo , Infecção Hospitalar/transmissão , Mãos/microbiologia , Desinfecção das Mãos/métodos , Hospitais com 100 a 299 Leitos , Humanos , Cavidade Nasal/microbiologia , Oxacilina/farmacologia , Pennsylvania , Staphylococcus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus/enzimologia , Staphylococcus/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A plaque reduction neutralization assay was used to determine rotavirus serotype-specific neutralizing activity in human breast milk from 25 mothers of upper socioeconomic background and 20 mothers of a lower socioeconomic status. Levels of neutralizing activity, as well as those of rotavirus-specific antibodies detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were comparable for each socioeconomic group. Overall, neutralizing activity in human milk was detected in the majority of samples and can be increased many months postpartum. The prevalence of neutralization antibodies (titers, greater than or equal to 1:10) was 77% against Wa (serotype 1), 86% against SA-11 (serotype 3), and 75% against NCDV (bovine) rotavirus. Rotavirus-specific IgA and IgG antibodies detected by ELISA (titers, greater than or equal to 1:10) were present in 35% and 55% of breast milks, respectively. Sequential analysis of repeated breast milk samples from five individual mothers revealed that rotavirus neutralizing activity fluctuated over time, with high activity observed in one mother's milk at 18 months postpartum. Mothers who breast-fed for six months or more tended to have higher milk neutralizing titers against rotavirus.