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1.
Cell ; 149(3): 656-70, 2012 Apr 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22541435

RESUMO

Tumor maintenance relies on continued activity of driver oncogenes, although their rate-limiting role is highly context dependent. Oncogenic Kras mutation is the signature event in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), serving a critical role in tumor initiation. Here, an inducible Kras(G12D)-driven PDAC mouse model establishes that advanced PDAC remains strictly dependent on Kras(G12D) expression. Transcriptome and metabolomic analyses indicate that Kras(G12D) serves a vital role in controlling tumor metabolism through stimulation of glucose uptake and channeling of glucose intermediates into the hexosamine biosynthesis and pentose phosphate pathways (PPP). These studies also reveal that oncogenic Kras promotes ribose biogenesis. Unlike canonical models, we demonstrate that Kras(G12D) drives glycolysis intermediates into the nonoxidative PPP, thereby decoupling ribose biogenesis from NADP/NADPH-mediated redox control. Together, this work provides in vivo mechanistic insights into how oncogenic Kras promotes metabolic reprogramming in native tumors and illuminates potential metabolic targets that can be exploited for therapeutic benefit in PDAC.


Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/metabolismo , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Transcrição Gênica
2.
Genes Dev ; 28(5): 479-90, 2014 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24589777

RESUMO

Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1/2) have been discovered in several cancer types and cause the neurometabolic syndrome D2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (D2HGA). The mutant enzymes exhibit neomorphic activity resulting in production of D2-hydroxyglutaric acid (D-2HG). To study the pathophysiological consequences of the accumulation of D-2HG, we generated transgenic mice with conditionally activated IDH2(R140Q) and IDH2(R172K) alleles. Global induction of mutant IDH2 expression in adults resulted in dilated cardiomyopathy, white matter abnormalities throughout the central nervous system (CNS), and muscular dystrophy. Embryonic activation of mutant IDH2 resulted in more pronounced phenotypes, including runting, hydrocephalus, and shortened life span, recapitulating the abnormalities observed in D2HGA patients. The diseased hearts exhibited mitochondrial damage and glycogen accumulation with a concordant up-regulation of genes involved in glycogen biosynthesis. Notably, mild cardiac hypertrophy was also observed in nude mice implanted with IDH2(R140Q)-expressing xenografts, suggesting that 2HG may potentially act in a paracrine fashion. Finally, we show that silencing of IDH2(R140Q) in mice with an inducible transgene restores heart function by lowering 2HG levels. Together, these findings indicate that inhibitors of mutant IDH2 may be beneficial in the treatment of D2HGA and suggest that 2HG produced by IDH mutant tumors has the potential to provoke a paraneoplastic condition.


Assuntos
Cardiomiopatias/genética , Glutaratos/metabolismo , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/genética , Mutação , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/genética , Animais , Cardiomiopatias/enzimologia , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Linhagem Celular , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Coração/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Isocitrato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/enzimologia , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/patologia
3.
Int J Mol Sci ; 23(20)2022 Oct 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36293106

RESUMO

Cumulative studies have indicated that high-dose vitamin C has antitumor effects against a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these inhibitory effects against tumorigenesis and metastasis, particularly in relation to pancreatic cancer, are unclear. Here, we report that vitamin C at high concentrations impairs the growth and survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells by inhibiting glucose metabolism. Vitamin C was also found to trigger apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner. We further demonstrate that it suppresses the invasion and metastasis of PDAC cells by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Taken together, our results suggest that vitamin C has therapeutic effects against pancreatic cancer.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Via de Sinalização Wnt , beta Catenina/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Proliferação de Células , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal , Carcinogênese , Caspases/metabolismo , Glucose/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular , Neoplasias Pancreáticas
4.
Nature ; 496(7443): 101-5, 2013 Apr 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23535601

RESUMO

Cancer cells have metabolic dependencies that distinguish them from their normal counterparts. Among these dependencies is an increased use of the amino acid glutamine to fuel anabolic processes. Indeed, the spectrum of glutamine-dependent tumours and the mechanisms whereby glutamine supports cancer metabolism remain areas of active investigation. Here we report the identification of a non-canonical pathway of glutamine use in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells that is required for tumour growth. Whereas most cells use glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) to convert glutamine-derived glutamate into α-ketoglutarate in the mitochondria to fuel the tricarboxylic acid cycle, PDAC relies on a distinct pathway in which glutamine-derived aspartate is transported into the cytoplasm where it can be converted into oxaloacetate by aspartate transaminase (GOT1). Subsequently, this oxaloacetate is converted into malate and then pyruvate, ostensibly increasing the NADPH/NADP(+) ratio which can potentially maintain the cellular redox state. Importantly, PDAC cells are strongly dependent on this series of reactions, as glutamine deprivation or genetic inhibition of any enzyme in this pathway leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species and a reduction in reduced glutathione. Moreover, knockdown of any component enzyme in this series of reactions also results in a pronounced suppression of PDAC growth in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we establish that the reprogramming of glutamine metabolism is mediated by oncogenic KRAS, the signature genetic alteration in PDAC, through the transcriptional upregulation and repression of key metabolic enzymes in this pathway. The essentiality of this pathway in PDAC and the fact that it is dispensable in normal cells may provide novel therapeutic approaches to treat these refractory tumours.


Assuntos
Glutamina/metabolismo , Redes e Vias Metabólicas , Proteína Oncogênica p21(ras)/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Aspartato Aminotransferases/deficiência , Aspartato Aminotransferases/genética , Aspartato Aminotransferases/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Glutamato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Homeostase , Humanos , Ácidos Cetoglutáricos/metabolismo , Proteína Oncogênica p21(ras)/genética , Oncogenes/genética , Oxirredução , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Proteínas ras/genética
5.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 113(30): E4338-47, 2016 07 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27402769

RESUMO

We previously reported that combining a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor with a poly-ADP Rib polymerase (PARP)-inhibitor enhanced DNA damage and cell death in breast cancers that have genetic aberrations in BRCA1 and TP53. Here, we show that enhanced DNA damage induced by PI3K inhibitors in this mutational background is a consequence of impaired production of nucleotides needed for DNA synthesis and DNA repair. Inhibition of PI3K causes a reduction in all four nucleotide triphosphates, whereas inhibition of the protein kinase AKT is less effective than inhibition of PI3K in suppressing nucleotide synthesis and inducing DNA damage. Carbon flux studies reveal that PI3K inhibition disproportionately affects the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway that delivers Rib-5-phosphate required for base ribosylation. In vivo in a mouse model of BRCA1-linked triple-negative breast cancer (K14-Cre BRCA1(f/f)p53(f/f)), the PI3K inhibitor BKM120 led to a precipitous drop in DNA synthesis within 8 h of drug treatment, whereas DNA synthesis in normal tissues was less affected. In this mouse model, combined PI3K and PARP inhibition was superior to either agent alone to induce durable remissions of established tumors.


Assuntos
Dano ao DNA , Nucleosídeos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Fosfoinositídeo-3 Quinase , Aminopiridinas/administração & dosagem , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , DNA de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos Knockout , Camundongos SCID , Morfolinas/administração & dosagem , Morfolinas/farmacologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/metabolismo , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/genética , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo
6.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 477(3): 374-82, 2016 08 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27338638

RESUMO

We found that non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is remarkably sensitive to the regulation of glutamine supply by testing the metabolic dependency of 11 cancer cell lines against regulation of glycolysis, autophagy, fatty acid synthesis, and glutamine supply. Glutamine is known as a key supplement of cancer cell growth that is converted to α-ketoglutarate for anabolic biogenesis via glutamate by glutaminase 1 (GLS1). GLS1 inhibition using 10 µM of bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide (BPTES) showed about 50% cell growth arrest by SRB assay. By testing the synergistic effects of conventional therapeutics, BPTES combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an irreversible inhibitor of thymidylate synthase, significant effects were observed on cell growth arrest in NSCLC. We found that GLS1 inhibition using BPTES reduced metabolic intermediates including thymidine and carbamoyl phosphate. Reduction of thymidine and carbamoyl-phosphate synthesis by BPTES treatment exacerbated pyrimidine supply by combination with 5-FU, which induced cell death synergistically in NSCLC.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/metabolismo , Glutaminase/antagonistas & inibidores , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Timidina/biossíntese , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/enzimologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia
7.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 470(1): 181-186, 2016 Jan 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26768359

RESUMO

USP7 is a deubiquitinating enzyme that involves the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to maintain regulation of protein synthesis and degradation. The well-known substrate of USP7 is the Mdm2-p53 complex. In fact, several studies have reported that functional inhibition of USP7 induces cancer cell apoptosis through activation of p53. However, the contribution of oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is commonly induced by inhibition of the UPS for USP7 inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells, has not been investigated. In contrast to previous reports, we show that p53 is not critical during USP7 inhibitor-induced apoptosis in several cancer cells. Inhibition of deubiquitinating enzyme activities by USP7 inhibitors causes ER stress by accumulating polyubiquitinated proteins in cancer cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that USP7 inhibitors increase intracellular reactive oxygen species and mainly cause cancer cell apoptosis. Taken together, our results reveal that oxidative and ER stress, rather than the Mdm2-p53 axis, mainly contributes to USP7 inhibitor-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Ubiquitina Tiolesterase/antagonistas & inibidores , Peptidase 7 Específica de Ubiquitina , Ubiquitinação/efeitos dos fármacos
8.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(19): 4571-4575, 2016 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27597244

RESUMO

Gallic acid is a common botanic phenolic compound, which is present in plants and foods worldwide. Gallic acid is implicated in various biological processes such as cell growth and apoptosis. Indeed, gallic acid has been shown to induce apoptosis in many cancer types. However, the molecular mechanisms of gallic acid-induced apoptosis in cancer, particularly lung cancer, are still unclear. Here, we report that gallic acid induces apoptosis in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells, but not in EGFR-WT NSCLC cells. Treatment with gallic acid resulted in a significant reduction in proliferation and induction of apoptosis, only in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells. Interestingly, treatment with gallic acid led to a robust decrease in EGFR levels, which is critical for NSCLC survival. Treatment with gallic acid had no significant effect on transcription, but induced EGFR turnover. Indeed, treatment with a proteasome inhibitor dramatically reversed gallic acid-induced EGFR downregulation. Moreover, treatment with gallic acid induced EGFR turnover leading to apoptosis in EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)-resistant cell lines, which are dependent on EGFR signaling for survival. Thus, these studies suggest that gallic acid can induce apoptosis in EGFR-dependent lung cancers that are dependent on EGFR for growth and survival via acceleration of EGFR turnover.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/patologia , Receptores ErbB/genética , Ácido Gálico/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética
9.
Exp Mol Med ; 56(4): 1013-1026, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38684915

RESUMO

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising anticancer agent because it kills cancer cells while sparing normal cells. However, many cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), exhibit intrinsic or acquired resistance to TRAIL, and the molecular mechanisms underlying TRAIL resistance in cancers, particularly in PDAC, remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that glutamine (Gln) endows PDAC cells with resistance to TRAIL through KDM4C-mediated epigenetic regulation of cFLIP. Inhibition of glutaminolysis significantly reduced the cFLIP level, leading to TRAIL-mediated formation of death-inducing signaling complexes. Overexpression of cFLIP dramatically rescued PDAC cells from TRAIL/Gln deprivation-induced apoptosis. Alpha-Ketoglutarate (aKG) supplementation significantly reversed the decrease in the cFLIP level induced by glutaminolysis inhibition and rescued PDAC cells from TRAIL/Gln deprivation-induced apoptosis. Knockdown of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2, which facilitates the conversion of oxaloacetate and glutamate into aspartate and aKG, decreased aKG production and the cFLIP level and activated TRAIL-induced apoptosis. AKG-mediated epigenetic regulation was necessary for maintaining a high level of cFLIP. Glutaminolysis inhibition increased the abundance of H3K9me3 in the cFLIP promoter, indicating that Gln-derived aKG production is important for Jumonji-domain histone demethylase (JHDM)-mediated cFLIP regulation. The JHDM KDM4C regulated cFLIP expression by binding to its promoter, and KDM4C knockdown sensitized PDAC cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The present findings suggest that Gln-derived aKG production is required for KDM4C-mediated epigenetic regulation of cFLIP, which leads to resistance to TRAIL.


Assuntos
Apoptose , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Semelhante a CASP8 e FADD , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Epigênese Genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glutamina , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF , Humanos , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Semelhante a CASP8 e FADD/metabolismo , Proteína Reguladora de Apoptosis Semelhante a CASP8 e FADD/genética , Ligante Indutor de Apoptose Relacionado a TNF/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/metabolismo , Histona Desmetilases com o Domínio Jumonji/genética , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Cetoglutáricos/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Aspartato Aminotransferase Citoplasmática/metabolismo , Aspartato Aminotransferase Citoplasmática/genética , Animais , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas
10.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) ; 28(12): 344, 2023 12 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38179767

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is a fundamental basic-leucine zipper transcription factor that plays a pivotal role in numerous stress responses, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the integrated stress response. ATF4 regulates adaptive gene expression, thereby triggering stress resistance in cells. METHODS: To characterize the metabolic status of atf4-⁣/- Drosophila larvae, we conducted both metabolomic and microarray analyses. RESULTS: Metabolomic analysis demonstrated an increase in lactate levels in atf4-⁣/- mutants when compared to wild-type flies. However, there was a significant reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis in the atf4-⁣/- flies, suggesting an abnormal energy metabolism in the mutant larvae. Microarray analysis unveiled that Drosophila ATF4 controls gene expression related to diverse biological processes, including lipase activity, oxidoreductase activity, acyltransferase, immune response, cell death, and transcription factor, particularly under nutrient-restricted conditions. In situ hybridization analysis further demonstrated specific augmentation of CG6283, classified as a gastric lipase, within the gastric caeca of nutrient-restricted flies. Moreover, overexpression of lipases, CG6283 and CG6295, made the flies resistant to starvation. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the role of Drosophila ATF4 in responding to metabolic fluctuations and modulating gene expression associated with metabolism and stress adaptation. Dysregulation of ATF4 may detrimentally impact the development and physiology of Drosophila.


Assuntos
Fator 4 Ativador da Transcrição , Drosophila , Animais , Drosophila/genética , Drosophila/metabolismo , Fator 4 Ativador da Transcrição/genética , Fator 4 Ativador da Transcrição/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Lipase/genética , Lipase/metabolismo
11.
Cancer Gene Ther ; 30(6): 878-889, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36807391

RESUMO

Hypoxia, one of the key features of solid tumors, induces autophagy, which acts as an important adaptive mechanism for tumor progression under hypoxic environment. Cellular metabolic reprogramming has been correlated with hypoxia, but the molecular connection to the induction of autophagy remains obscure. Here, we show that suppression of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by hypoxia induces autophagy in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells that is required for their growth and survival. Reduced cellular acetyl-CoA levels caused by FAO inhibition decreases LC3 acetylation, resulting in autophagosome formation. Importantly, PDAC cells are significantly dependent on this metabolic reprogramming, as improving FAO leads to a reduction in hypoxia-induced autophagy and an increase in cell death after chemotherapy. Thus, our study supports that suppression of FAO is an important metabolic response to hypoxia and indicates that targeting this pathway in PDAC may be an effective therapeutic approach.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/genética , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/terapia , Hipóxia , Autofagia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas
12.
Cell Rep Med ; 4(10): 101224, 2023 10 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37797616

RESUMO

Radical cystectomy with preoperative cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is the standard care for muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). However, the complete response rate to this modality remains relatively low, and current clinicopathologic and molecular classifications are inadequate to predict NAC response in patients with MIBC. Here, we demonstrate that dysregulation of the glutathione (GSH) pathway is fundamental for MIBC NAC resistance. Comprehensive analysis of the multicohort transcriptomes reveals that GSH metabolism and immune-response genes are enriched in NAC-resistant and NAC-sensitive MIBCs, respectively. A machine-learning-based tumor/stroma classifier is applied for high-throughput digitalized immunohistochemistry analysis, finding that GSH dynamics proteins, including glutaminase-1, are associated with NAC resistance. GSH dynamics is activated in cisplatin-resistant MIBC cells, and combination treatment with a GSH dynamics modulator and cisplatin significantly suppresses tumor growth in an orthotopic xenograft animal model. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the predictive and therapeutic values of GSH dynamics in determining the NAC response in MIBCs.


Assuntos
Cisplatino , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Humanos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Fenótipo , Glutationa/genética , Glutationa/uso terapêutico
13.
Exp Mol Med ; 54(6): 801-811, 2022 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35729325

RESUMO

Aberrant activation of embryogenesis-related molecular programs in urothelial bladder cancer (BC) is associated with stemness features related to oncogenic dedifferentiation and tumor metastasis. Recently, we reported that overexpression of transcription factor CP2-like protein-1 (TFCP2L1) and its phosphorylation at Thr177 by cyclin-dependent kinase-1 (CDK1) play key roles in regulating bladder carcinogenesis. However, the clinical relevance and therapeutic potential of this novel CDK1-TFCP2L1 molecular network remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that inhibitor of DNA binding-2 (ID2) functions as a crucial mediator by acting as a direct repressive target of TFCP2L1 to modulate the stemness features and survival of BC cells. Low ID2 and high CDK1 expression were significantly associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics. TFCP2L1 downregulated ID2 by directly binding to its promoter region. Consistent with these findings, ectopic expression of ID2 or treatment with apigenin, a chemical activator of ID2, triggered apoptosis and impaired the proliferation, suppressed the stemness features, and reduced the invasive capacity of BC cells. Combination treatment with the specific CDK1 inhibitor RO-3306 and apigenin significantly suppressed tumor growth in an orthotopic BC xenograft animal model. This study demonstrates the biological role and clinical utility of ID2 as a direct target of the CDK1-TFCP2L1 pathway for modulating the stemness features of BC cells.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Proteína Quinase CDC2 , Proteína 2 Inibidora de Diferenciação , Proteínas Repressoras , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacologia , Apigenina/administração & dosagem , Apigenina/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína Quinase CDC2/genética , Proteína Quinase CDC2/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes , Humanos , Proteína 2 Inibidora de Diferenciação/genética , Proteína 2 Inibidora de Diferenciação/metabolismo , Quinolinas/administração & dosagem , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Proteínas Repressoras/genética , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Tiazóis/administração & dosagem , Tiazóis/farmacologia , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/genética , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
14.
Cancers (Basel) ; 13(3)2021 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33513833

RESUMO

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of lysosomal function and autophagy. In addition, TFEB has various physiological roles such as nutrient sensing, cellular stress responses, and immune responses. However, the precise roles of TFEB in pancreatic cancer growth remain unclear. Here, we show that pancreatic cancer cells exhibit a significantly elevated TFEB expression compared with normal tissue samples and that the genetic inhibition of TFEB results in a significant inhibition in both glutamine and mitochondrial metabolism, which in turn suppresses the PDAC growth both in vitro and in vivo. High basal levels of autophagy are critical for pancreatic cancer growth. The TFEB knockdown had no significant effect on the autophagic flux under normal conditions but interestingly caused a profound reduction in glutaminase (GLS) transcription, leading to an inhibition of glutamine metabolism. We observed that the direct binding of TFEB to the GLS and TFEB gene promotors regulates the transcription of GLS. We also found that the glutamate supplementation leads to a significant recovery of the PDAC growth that had been reduced by a TFEB knockdown. Taken together, our current data demonstrate that TFEB supports the PDAC cell growth by regulating glutaminase-mediated glutamine metabolism.

15.
Exp Mol Med ; 53(12): 1877-1887, 2021 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34876693

RESUMO

BIX01294 (BIX), an inhibitor of the G9a histone methyltransferase, has been reported to have antitumor activity against a variety of cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects, particularly those against lung cancer, remain unclear. Here, we report that BIX induces apoptotic cell death in EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells but not in their wild-type counterparts. Treatment with BIX resulted in a significant reduction in the EGFR level and inhibition of EGFR signaling only in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells, leading to apoptosis. BIX also inhibited mitochondrial metabolic function and decreased the cellular energy levels that are critical for maintaining the EGFR level. Furthermore, BIX transcriptionally downregulated the transcription of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHA), which is essential for fueling the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Interestingly, this BCKDHA downregulation was due to inhibition of Jumanji-domain histone demethylases but not the G9a histone methyltransferase. We observed that KDM3A, a Jumonji histone demethylase, epigenetically regulates BCKDHA expression by binding to the BCKDHA gene promoter. BIX exposure also led to a significant decrease in the EGFR level, causing apoptosis in EGFR-TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)-resistant cell lines, which are dependent on EGFR signaling for survival. Taken together, our current data suggest that BIX triggers apoptosis only in EGFR-mutant NSCLC cells via inhibition of BCKDHA-mediated mitochondrial metabolic function.


Assuntos
3-Metil-2-Oxobutanoato Desidrogenase (Lipoamida)/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/genética , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/metabolismo , Azepinas/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão/patologia , Apoptose/genética , Biomarcadores , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ciclo do Ácido Cítrico , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Metabolismo Energético , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Histona Desmetilases , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Modelos Biológicos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia
16.
Cancers (Basel) ; 12(4)2020 Apr 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32276500

RESUMO

Metabolic rewiring to utilize aerobic glycolysis is a hallmark of cancer. However, recent findings suggest the role of mitochondria in energy generation in cancer cells and the metabolic switch to oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in response to the blockade of glycolysis. We previously demonstrated that the antitumor effect of gracillin occurs through the inhibition of mitochondrial complex II-mediated energy production. Here, we investigated the potential of gracillin as an anticancer agent targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS in breast and lung cancer cells. Along with the reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, gracillin markedly suppresses the production of several glycolysis-associated metabolites. A docking analysis and enzyme assay suggested phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1) is a potential target for the antiglycolytic effect of gracillin. Gracillin reduced the viability and colony formation ability of breast cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Gracillin displayed efficacious antitumor effects in mice bearing breast cancer cell line or breast cancer patient-derived tumor xenografts with no overt changes in body weight. An analysis of publicly available datasets further suggested that PGK1 expression is associated with metastasis status and poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. These results suggest that gracillin is a natural anticancer agent that inhibits both glycolysis and mitochondria-mediated bioenergetics.

17.
EMBO Mol Med ; 12(1): e10880, 2020 01 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31709755

RESUMO

Molecular programs involved in embryogenesis are frequently upregulated in oncogenic dedifferentiation and metastasis. However, their precise roles and regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we showed that CDK1 phosphorylation of TFCP2L1, a pluripotency-associated transcription factor, orchestrated pluripotency and cell-cycling in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and was aberrantly activated in aggressive bladder cancers (BCs). In murine ESCs, the protein interactome and transcription targets of Tfcp2l1 indicated its involvement in cell cycle regulation. Tfcp2l1 was phosphorylated at Thr177 by Cdk1, which affected ESC cell cycle progression, pluripotency, and differentiation. The CDK1-TFCP2L1 pathway was activated in human BC cells, stimulating their proliferation, self-renewal, and invasion. Lack of TFCP2L1 phosphorylation impaired the tumorigenic potency of BC cells in a xenograft model. In patients with BC, high co-expression of TFCP2L1 and CDK1 was associated with unfavorable clinical characteristics including tumor grade, lymphovascular and muscularis propria invasion, and distant metastasis and was an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival. These findings demonstrate the molecular and clinical significance of CDK1-mediated TFCP2L1 phosphorylation in stem cell pluripotency and in the tumorigenic stemness features associated with BC progression.


Assuntos
Proteína Quinase CDC2/metabolismo , Carcinogênese , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Fosforilação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bexiga Urinária/patologia
18.
Antioxid Redox Signal ; 32(1): 35-59, 2020 01 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31656084

RESUMO

Aims: The naive or primitive states of stem cells (SCs) residing in specific niches are unstable and difficult to preserve in vitro. Vitamin C (VitC), in addition to suppressing oxygen radicals, exerts pleiotropic effects to preserve the core functions of SCs. However, this compound is labile and readily oxidized, resulting in cellular toxicity and preventing its reliable application in this context. We found that a VitC derivative, ascorbic acid 2-glucoside (AA2G), stably maintains the naive pluripotency of murine embryonic SCs (mESCs) and the primitiveness of human mesenchymal SCs (hMSCs) without cellular toxicity. Results: The beneficial effects of AA2G and related molecular mechanisms were evaluated in mESCs, induced pluripotent-SCs (iPSCs), and hMSCs. AA2G was stable in aqueous solution and barely induced cellular toxicity in cultured SCs, unlike VitC. AA2G supplementation recapitulated the well-known effects of VitC, including induction of ten-eleven translocation-dependent DNA demethylation in mESCs and suppression of p53 during generation of murine iPSCs. Furthermore, supplementation of hMSCs with AA2G improved therapeutic outcomes in an asthma mouse model by promoting their self-renewal, engraftment, and anti-inflammatory properties. Particularly, activation of the cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-1 (CREB1) pathway contributed to the ability of AA2G to maintain naive pluripotency of mESCs and functionality of hMSCs. Innovation and Conclusion: Given its long-lasting effects and low cellular toxicity, AA2G supplementation is useful to support the naive pluripotency of mESCs and the primitiveness of hMSCs, affecting their developmental potency and therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, we demonstrate the significance of the CREB1 pathway in the mechanism of action of AA2G.


Assuntos
Ácido Ascórbico/análogos & derivados , Asma/terapia , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Animais , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Asma/metabolismo , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Embrionárias/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/metabolismo , Camundongos , Nicho de Células-Tronco
19.
Nat Commun ; 11(1): 2978, 2020 06 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32532977

RESUMO

The interplay between glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) promotes progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between these two cell types remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that ARS2 (arsenite-resistance protein 2), a zinc finger protein that is essential for early mammalian development, plays critical roles in GSC maintenance and M2-like TAM polarization. ARS2 directly activates its novel transcriptional target MGLL, encoding monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), to regulate the self-renewal and tumorigenicity of GSCs through production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which stimulates ß-catenin activation of GSC and M2-like TAM polarization. We identify M2-like signature downregulated by which MAGL-specific inhibitor, JZL184, increased survival rate significantly in the mouse xenograft model by blocking PGE2 production. Taken together, our results suggest that blocking the interplay between GSCs and TAMs by targeting ARS2/MAGL signaling offers a potentially novel therapeutic option for GBM patients.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Monoacilglicerol Lipases/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Autorrenovação Celular/genética , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/terapia , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Ativação de Macrófagos/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Monoacilglicerol Lipases/genética , Neoplasias Experimentais/genética , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Proteínas Nucleares/genética , Interferência de RNA , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos
20.
Exp Mol Med ; 51(11): 1-11, 2019 11 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31784505

RESUMO

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism and high levels of enzymes in the BCAA metabolic pathway have recently been shown to be associated with cancer growth and survival. However, the precise roles of BCAA metabolism in cancer growth and survival remain largely unclear. Here, we found that BCAA metabolism has an important role in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth by regulating lipogenesis. Compared with nontransformed human pancreatic ductal (HPDE) cells, PDAC cells exhibited significantly elevated BCAA uptake through solute carrier transporters, which were highly upregulated in pancreatic tumor tissues compared with normal tissues. Branched-chain amino-acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2) knockdown markedly impaired PDAC cell proliferation, but not HPDE cell proliferation, without significant alterations in glutamate or reactive oxygen species levels. Furthermore, PDAC cell proliferation, but not HPDE cell proliferation, was substantially inhibited upon knockdown of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase a (BCKDHA). Interestingly, BCKDHA knockdown had no significant effect on mitochondrial metabolism; that is, neither the level of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates nor the oxygen consumption rate was affected. However, BCKDHA knockdown significantly inhibited fatty-acid synthesis, indicating that PDAC cells may utilize BCAAs as a carbon source for fatty-acid biosynthesis. Overall, our findings show that the BCAA metabolic pathway may provide a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer.


Assuntos
Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/fisiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Feminino , Ácido Glutâmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Lentivirus/genética , Metabolômica/métodos , Camundongos SCID , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Menor/metabolismo , Consumo de Oxigênio/fisiologia , Proteínas da Gravidez/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transaminases/metabolismo
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