RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Tea tree oil (TTO) is an essential oil with anti-inflammatory properties, steam distilled from the plant Melaleuca alternifolia. We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of TTO and its components (terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol) using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. METHODS: The ability of TTO, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol to modulate the macrophage response to bacterial LPS stimulation was assessed by ELISA for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokine production and by western blotting for the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, which are associated with the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We used a human monocytic cell line (U937) differentiated into macrophages. RESULTS: LPS induced the production of all cytokines, and TTO and its components significantly reduced the production of IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10. The production of TNF-α was not affected by either TTO or its major components. The modulation of cytokine production was not mediated by changes in NF-κB or p38 MAPK activation. CONCLUSION: TTO, terpinen-4-ol and alpha-terpineol can suppress the production of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated human macrophages; this inhibition was mediated by interfering with the NF-kB, p38 or ERK MAPK pathways.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Cicloexenos/farmacologia , Citocinas/imunologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Monoterpenos/farmacologia , Óleo de Melaleuca/farmacologia , Terpenos/farmacologia , Monoterpenos Cicloexânicos , Humanos , Lipopolissacarídeos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por Mitógeno/imunologia , NF-kappa B/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Receptor 2 Toll-Like/imunologia , Receptor 4 Toll-Like/imunologia , Células U937RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of two alternatives methods for the disinfection of oral cleaning devices. METHODS: One type of toothbrush and two types of tongue scrapers (steel and plastic) were tested in this study. Sixteen specimens of each group were cut with standardized dimensions, contaminated separately with Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus and incubated for 24 h. After this, oral cleaning devices were washed in saline solution to remove non-adhered cells and divided into two groups (n = 8), one irradiated in microwave and other immersed in 3.78% sodium perborate solution, and evaluated for microbial recovery. The values of cfu of each group of microorganism after disinfection were compared by Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn non-parametric test, considering 95% of confidence. RESULTS: The toothbrush harboured a significant larger number of viable organisms than the tongue scrapers. The steel tongue scraper was less susceptible to adhesion of the three oral microorganisms. The time required to inactivate all contaminating microorganisms using microwave oven was 1 min and, for the immersion in 3.78% sodium perborate solution, was 2 and 3 h, respectively, for C. albicans and S. mutans/S. aureus. CONCLUSION: Microwave irradiation proved to be an effective alternative method to the disinfection of tongue cleaners and toothbrushes.
Assuntos
Dispositivos para o Cuidado Bucal Domiciliar/microbiologia , Desinfetantes de Equipamento Odontológico/farmacologia , Desinfecção/métodos , Micro-Ondas , Escovação Dentária/instrumentação , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Biofilmes/efeitos da radiação , Boratos/farmacologia , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos da radiação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Desenho de Equipamento , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Viabilidade Microbiana/efeitos da radiação , Plásticos , Aço Inoxidável , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos da radiação , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus mutans/efeitos da radiação , Língua , Clareadores Dentários/farmacologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Platelets contain factors, including VEGF and endostatin, that can modulate the healing process. We evaluated the effects of severe thrombocytopenia on periodontal healing in rats and determined the contribution of VEGF and endostatin to the healing process. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Rats were distributed into three test groups and two control groups. Cotton ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the lower first molar in the test groups. Sham-operated rats and rats in one of the periodontitis groups were killed 15 days later. Rats in the remaining two periodontitis groups had the ligatures removed in order to study the spontaneous recovery from the periodontal disease 15 days later, and these rats were treated with rabbit antiplatelet serum, in order to induce thrombocytopenia, or normal rabbit serum. An additional group without ligatures received antiplatet serum in the same period. RESULTS: After ligature removal, rats treated with normal rabbit serum showed reduced myeloperoxidase activity, decreased alveolar bone loss and increased numbers of blood vessels. Thrombocytopenia caused a delay in alveolar bone regeneration, a decrease in the number of vessels and a modest decrease in myeloperoxidase activity. In the rats with periodontitis, serum endostatin concentrations were slightly decreased and serum VEGF remained unchanged compared with sham-operated animals. After ligature removal, a significant VEGF increase and endostatin decrease were observed in the rats treated with normal rabbit serum. Thrombocytopenia led to a dramatic fall in both VEGF and endostatin concentrations. CONCLUSION: Thrombocytopenia leads to a delay of periodontal healing in the situation of experimental periodontitis, which might be mediated in part by a decrease in the serum concentration of VEGF and endostatin derived from the platelets. However, other factors derived from the platelets may also have contributed to a delay of periodontal healing in the rats with thrombocytopenia.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/fisiologia , Proteínas Angiogênicas/fisiologia , Endostatinas/fisiologia , Periodontite/fisiopatologia , Trombocitopenia/fisiopatologia , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/fisiologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/fisiopatologia , Inibidores da Angiogênese/sangue , Proteínas Angiogênicas/sangue , Animais , Plaquetas/imunologia , Plaquetas/fisiologia , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Remodelação Óssea/fisiologia , Endostatinas/sangue , Soros Imunes , Masculino , Neovascularização Fisiológica/fisiologia , Periodontite/sangue , Periodontite/patologia , Peroxidase/análise , Contagem de Plaquetas , Coelhos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Trombocitopenia/sangue , Fatores de Tempo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/sangue , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
The ability of Staphylococcus aureus to develop multidrug resistance is well documented, and the antibiotic resistance showed by an increasing number of bacteria has shown the need for alternative therapies to treat infections, photodynamic therapy (PDT) being a potential candidate. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of photodynamic therapy as a light-based bactericidal modality to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus. The study investigated a technique based on a combination of light and a photosensitizer that is capable of producing oxidative species to induce a cytotoxic effect. A Staphylococcus aureus suspension was exposed to a light emitting diode (LED) emitting at 628 nm, 14.6 mW/cm(2), and energy density of 20 J/cm(2), 40 J/cm(2), or 60 J/cm(2) in the presence of different porphyrin concentrations (Photogem). Three drug concentrations were employed: 12 microl/ml, 25 microl/ml, and 50 microl/ml. The treatment response was evaluated by the number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) after light exposure. The results indicated that exposure to 60 J/cm(2) eliminated 100% (10 log(10) scales) of bacteria, on average. The best PDT response rate to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus was achieved with exposure to LED light in combination with the photosensitizer at concentrations ranging from 25 microl/ml to 50 microl/ml. These data suggest that PDT has the potential to eliminate Staphylococcus aureus in suspension and indicates the necessary drug concentration and light fluency.
Assuntos
Hematoporfirinas/farmacologia , Fotoquimioterapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Lasers Semicondutores , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cyclosporine A treatment is important in the therapy of a number of medical conditions; however, alveolar bone loss is an important negative side-effect of this drug. As such, we evaluated whether concomitant administration of simvastatin would minimize cyclosporine A-associated alveolar bone loss in rats subjected, or not, to experimental periodontal disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Groups of 10 rats each were treated with cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg/day), simvastatin (20 mg/kg/day), cyclosporine A and simvastatin concurrently (cyclosporine A/simvastatin) or vehicle for 30 days. Four other groups of 10 rats each received a cotton ligature around the lower first molar and were treated similarly with cyclosporine A, simvastatin, cyclosporine A/simvastatin or vehicle. Calcium (Ca(2+)), phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase levels were evaluated in serum. Expression levels of interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin E(2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase were evaluated in the gingivomucosal tissues. Bone volume and numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were also analyzed. RESULTS: Treatment with cyclosporine A in rats, with or without ligature, was associated with bone loss, represented by a lower bone volume and an increase in the number of osteoclasts. Treatment with cyclosporine A was associated with bone resorption, whereas simvastatin treatment improved cyclosporine A-associated alveolar bone loss in all parameters studied. In addition, simvastatin, in the presence of inflammation, can act as an anti-inflammatory agent. CONCLUSION: This study shows that simvastatin therapy leads to a reversal of the cyclosporine A-induced bone loss, which may be mediated by downregulation of interleukin-1beta and prostaglandin E(2) production.
Assuntos
Perda do Osso Alveolar/induzido quimicamente , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Sinvastatina/farmacologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Perda do Osso Alveolar/fisiopatologia , Processo Alveolar/efeitos dos fármacos , Processo Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Cálcio/sangue , Contagem de Células , Dinoprostona/análise , Regulação para Baixo , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/patologia , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/análise , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/patologia , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/patologia , Fósforo/sangue , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Periodontitis is a well-appreciated example of leukocyte-mediated bone loss and inflammation with pathogenic features similar to those observed in other inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis. Since Tacrolimus, is an immunomodulatory drug used for the treatment of some cases of arthritis, we hypothesized that it may modulate periodontal disease. DESIGN: Using a murine model of ligature-induced periodontal disease, we assessed the effects of daily administrations of Tacrolimus (1mg/kg body weight) on bone loss, enzymatic (myeloperoxidase) analysis, differential white blood cells counts, airpouch exudate and cytokine expression for 5-30 days. RESULTS: Radiographic, enzymatic (myeloperoxidase) and histological analysis revealed that Tacrolimus reduced the severity of periodontitis. More specifically, Tacrolimus suppressed the expression of serum interleukin (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), IL-6, airpouch exudate PGE(2) and leukocytosis usually observed after the induction of periodontitis. Tacrolimus treatment in periodontitis-induced rats conferred protection against the inflammation-induced tissue and bone loss associated with periodontitis, through a mechanism involving IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-6. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of Tacrolimus on periodontal disease pathogenesis may provide clues to a novel approach to host modulation therapy in destructive periodontal disease.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Calcineurina , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Periodontite/prevenção & controle , Tacrolimo/uso terapêutico , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Animais , Dinoprostona/análise , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Gengiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Gengiva/enzimologia , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Interleucina-1beta/sangue , Interleucina-1beta/efeitos dos fármacos , Interleucina-6/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos , Leucocitose/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Periodontite/enzimologia , Peroxidase/análise , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fatores de Tempo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/análise , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
This study determined the size of aluminum oxide particles used in an air abrasion system that is able to remove carious dentin tissue with maximum preservation of sound structure. Thirty extracted and carious-free third molars were used in this study. The dentin sample was obtained by sectioning the middle of the crown longitudinal to the long axis of the tooth in a mesio-distal direction. One half of the crown corresponded to the sound dentin group (SD), while the other half was used to develop artificial caries, constituting the carious dentin group (CD). The specimens were air abraded for 15 seconds. The SD and CD groups were each randomly divided into three subgroups (N=10) according to the particle diameter employed (27, 50 and 125 microm). The prepared cavity was perpendicularly cut in half, and the profiles of all hemi-fragments were observed using SEM microscopy. The cavity measurements were made using a modified cephalometric analysis. The 27, 50 and 125 microm aluminum oxide particles did not present selectivity in the removal of carious dentin. However, when using the air abrasive technique for carious dentin treatment, the use of 27 and 50 microm aluminum oxide particles is recommended, due to their capacity to remove less sound tissue than the 125 microm particles.
Assuntos
Abrasão Dental por Ar/métodos , Óxido de Alumínio/uso terapêutico , Cárie Dentária/terapia , Materiais Dentários/uso terapêutico , Dentina/ultraestrutura , Óxido de Alumínio/química , Cárie Dentária/microbiologia , Cárie Dentária/patologia , Preparo da Cavidade Dentária/métodos , Materiais Dentários/química , Humanos , Lactobacillus acidophilus/fisiologia , Teste de Materiais , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Dente Serotino , Odontometria , Tamanho da Partícula , Streptococcus mutans/fisiologiaRESUMO
The aim of this study was to compare the presence of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in normal oral mucosa, dysplasia and microinvasive carcinoma. All histological specimens were reviewed according to the modified classification and staging system for oral leukoplakia described by van-der-Waal et al. [Oral Oncol. 36 (2000) 264]. NOR quantification was performed with an image analyzer after staining by the argyrophilic nucleolar region technique. The morphometric results were statistically different for normal mucosa, dysplasia and microinvasive carcinoma. It was concluded that an increase of NOR activity follows the disease progression and may reflect the degree of cellular proliferation and malignancy.
Assuntos
Leucoplasia Oral/classificação , Leucoplasia Oral/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Região Organizadora do Nucléolo/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Humanos , Hiperplasia/patologia , Mucosa Bucal/ultraestrutura , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Coloração e RotulagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Cyclosporine A is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in organ transplant patients as well as to treat a number of autoimmune conditions. Bone loss is reported as a significant side-effect of cyclosporine A use because this can result in serious morbidity of the patients. As we have shown that cyclosporine A-associated bone loss can also affect the alveolar bone, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the concomitant administration of alendronate on alveolar bone loss in a rat model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty Wistar rats (10 per group) were given cyclosporine A (10 mg/kg, daily), alendronate (0.3 mg/kg, weekly), or both cyclosporine A and alendronate, for 60 d. The control group received daily injections of sterile saline. The expression of proteins associated with bone turnover, including osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and also the calcium levels, were evaluated in the serum. Analysis of the bone volume, alveolar bone surface, the number of osteoblasts per bone surface and the number of osteoclasts per bone surface around the lower first molars was also performed. RESULTS: The results indicate that cyclosporine A treatment was associated with bone resorption, represented by a decrease in the bone volume, alveolar bone surface and the number of osteoblasts per bone surface and by an increase in the number of osteoclasts per bone surface and TRAP-5b. These effects were effectively counteracted by concomitant alendronate administration. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that concomitant administration of alendronate can prevent cyclosporine A-associated alveolar bone loss.
Assuntos
Alendronato/uso terapêutico , Perda do Osso Alveolar/induzido quimicamente , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/uso terapêutico , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Fosfatase Ácida/sangue , Alendronato/administração & dosagem , Fosfatase Alcalina/sangue , Perda do Osso Alveolar/patologia , Perda do Osso Alveolar/prevenção & controle , Processo Alveolar/efeitos dos fármacos , Processo Alveolar/patologia , Animais , Biomarcadores/sangue , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Conservadores da Densidade Óssea/administração & dosagem , Cálcio/sangue , Contagem de Células , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Isoenzimas/sangue , Masculino , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/patologia , Osteocalcina/sangue , Osteoclastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoclastos/patologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fosfatase Ácida Resistente a TartaratoRESUMO
Opportunistic fungal pathogens are becoming increasingly important causes of both community-acquired and nosocomial infections. The most important fungal pathogens are yeast species belonging to the genus Candida. These species show differences in levels of resistance to antifungal agents and mortality. Consequently, it is important to correctly identify the causative organism to the species level. Identification of Candida dubliniensis in particular remains problematic because of the high degree of phenotypic similarity between this species and Candida albicans. However, as the differences between both are most pronounced at the genetic level, several studies have been conducted in order to provide a specific and rapid identification fingerprinting molecular test. In most candidal infectious, no single DNA fingerprinting technique has evolved as a dominant method, and each method has its advantages, disadvantages and limitations. Moreover, the current challenge of these techniques is to compile standardized patterns in a database for interlaboratory use and future reference. This review provides an overview of most common molecular fingerprinting techniques currently available for discrimination of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
Assuntos
Candida albicans/genética , Candida/classificação , Candida/genética , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Impressões Digitais de DNA/métodos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , DNA Fúngico/análise , Eletroforese/métodos , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida/métodos , Enzimas/química , Variação Genética , Humanos , Cariotipagem/métodos , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Técnica de Amplificação ao Acaso de DNA PolimórficoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the oral status of renal transplant recipients receiving cyclosporin A (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK-506) as immunosuppressant. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 88 renal transplant recipients receiving CsA (63 men and 25 women, mean age 51.4 years) and 67 receiving FK-506 (57 men and 10 women, mean age 33.5 years) were included in the study. Donor type, histocompatibility, cold ischemia time and prior delayed graft function were similar between the two groups. Demographics and pharmacological data were recorded for all subjects. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that CsA caused a greater number of oral diseases. A greater number of gingival overgrowth was present in patients treated with CsA. However, the combined use with calcium channel blockers increased the gingival overgrowth number. The occurrence of candida in saliva was observed in 80 renal recipients treated with CsA and 20 treated with FK-506. The presence of squamous oral carcinoma (n = 3) and herpes simplex (n = 10) was observed in patients treated with CsA. These alterations were not observed in renal recipients treated with FK-506. CONCLUSIONS: Renal recipients constitute a high-risk group for oral diseases, as they are immunocompromised. However, the FK-506 regime appears to ameliorate this effect, compared with CsA. Adequate pre- and post-transplant oral health care is recommended for these subjects, irrespective of the time interval for which the drug is administered.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Crescimento Excessivo da Gengiva/induzido quimicamente , Imunossupressores/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Tacrolimo/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Bloqueadores dos Canais de Cálcio/efeitos adversos , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/etiologia , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Bucais/etiologia , Saliva/microbiologia , Estomatite Herpética/etiologiaRESUMO
O interesse por medicamentos alternativos, principalmente daqueles provenientes de extratos naturais, tem aumentado nas últimas décadas. A Melaleuca alternifolia é um arbusto pertencente ao gênero Melaleuca, popularmente conhecida como "árvore de chá", cujo principal produto é o óleo essencial (TTO - tea tree oil), de grande importância medicinal por possuir comprovada ação bactericida e antifúngica contra diversos patógenos humanos. Em virtude da atividade terapêutica em diversas especialidades médicas, o TTO passou a ser empregado na área odontológica. Esta revisão de literatura foi realizada com o objetivo de discutir os ensaios já realizados com o TTO contra microrganismos relacionados à doença cárie, doença periodontal e problemas pulpares. O óleo de Melaleuca tem demonstrado boa ação antibacteriana in vitro contra microrganismos bucais, porém, pesquisas envolvendo o estudo do mecanismo de ação sobre as células microbianas ou estudos in vivo ainda são escassos e precisam ser realizados, já que esse produto pode ser útil na odontologia, seja na manutenção química da higiene ou prevenção de doenças bucais.
The interest in alternative medicines, especially those from natural extracts, has increased in recent decades. Melaleuca alternifolia is a shrub belonging to the genus Melaleuca, popularly known as "tea tree", the main product of which is its essential oil (TTO - tea tree oil), of great medicinal importance for its proven bactericidal and antifungal activity against several human pathogens. By virtue of its therapeutic activity in various medical specialties, TTO is now used in dentistry. This literature review was conducted in order to discuss the tests already carried out with TTO against microorganisms related to dental caries, periodontal disease and pulpal problems. Melaleuca oil has shown good in vitro antibacterial activity against oral microorganisms; however, research involving the study of its mechanism of action on the microbial cells or in vivo studies are still scarce and need to be done since this product may be useful in dentistry, either in the chemical maintenance of hygiene or in the prevention of oral diseases.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Pesquisa em Odontologia , Doenças da Boca/imunologia , Doenças da Boca/microbiologia , Óleo de Melaleuca/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologiaRESUMO
Candida dubliniensis is a recently described Candida species associated with oral candidosis that exhibits a high degree of phenotypic similarity to Candida albicans. However, these species show differences in levels of resistance to antimycotic agents and ability to cause infections. Therefore, accurate clinical identification of C. dubliniensis and C. albicans species is important in order to treat oral candidal infections. Phenotypic identification methods are easy-to-use procedures for routine discrimination of oral isolates in the clinical microbiology laboratory. However, C. dubliniensis may be so far underreported in clinical samples because most currently used identification methods fail to recognize this yeast. Phenotypic methods depend on growth temperature, carbon source assimilation, chlamydospore and hyphal growth production, positive or negative growth on special media and intracellular enzyme production, among others. In this review, some phenotypic methods are presented with a special emphasis on the discrimination of C. dubliniensis and C. albicans.
Assuntos
Candida/classificação , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/métodos , Candida/genética , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Candida albicans/classificação , Candida albicans/genética , Candidíase Bucal/microbiologia , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica/instrumentação , Fenótipo , TemperaturaRESUMO
Os metabólitos do ácido araquidônico exercem um reconhecido papel na patogênese da doença periodontal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do celecoxib, um inibidor seletivo da enzima cicloxigenase-2 (COX-2), sobre o processo inflamatório durante o desenvolvimento de doença periodontal induzida por ligadura em ratos. Após a colocação de ligadura de algodão ao redor dos primeiros molares inferiores direitos, 108 ratos Wistar foram aleatoriamente subdivididos em três grupos experimentais com 36 animais cada. Nos grupos teste (Ce1 e Ce2), os animais receberam diariamente uma dose oral de celecoxib 10 mg ou 20 mg/ kg de peso corporal, respectivamente. No grupo controle, os animais receberam diariamente dose oral de 1ml/kg de peso corporal de cloreto de sódio (NaCl) a 0,9%. Aos 5, 18 e 30 dias após o início do experimento, 12 animais de cada grupo experimental foram sacrificados. As mandíbulas foram retiradas e submetidas à análise histológica. Observou-se através de análise estatística como teste não-paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis, que o tratamento com celecoxib, em ambas as concentrações, diminuiu a magnitude do processo inflamatório agudo e, reduziu significativamente (p<0,05) a intensidade do infiltrado inflamatório crônico. Estes resultados demonstraram que, independentemente da dosagem utilizada, a inibição seletivada COX-2 através do celecoxib pode levar a um decréscimo da reação inflamatória do tecido periodontal em decorrência da presença de ligadura em ratos.
Arachidonic acid metabolites have a recognized role in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, on the progression of periodontal disease in a ligature-induced periodontitis model in rats. After ligature placement in the mandibular right first molars, 108, 6-week-old Wistar rats were ramdomly assigned to one of the following groups of treatment that consisted in a daily oral dose of 10mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Ce1), 20mg/kg body weight of celecoxib (Ce2) or 10ml/kg of 0,9%NaCl (Control). At 5, 18 and 30 days later, 12 animals of each group were sacrificed and the specimens routinely processed. Treatment with celecoxib significantly (p < 0,05) decreased the acute and the chronic process, histologically observed. These results show that selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibition with celecoxib, can decrease the periodontal inflammation due to ligature placement in rats.
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Perda do Osso Alveolar , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Doenças PeriodontaisRESUMO
En este estudio se evaluó la frecuencia y biotipos de Cándida sp. en la saliva de portadores sanos, tomando en consideración la actividad cariogénica de dichos individuos a través de informaciones epidemiológicas. La muestra consistió en 239 niños tomados al azar, divididos en cinco estratos sociales. La saliva de cada uno de estos pacientes fue, cultivadas en medios específicos para el crecimiento del hongo. Posterior al crecimiento de las levaduras, las mismas fueron identificadas bioquímicamente mediante pruebas de fermentación. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que Cándida albicans fue la especia de mayor prevalencia en todas las categorías socioeconómicas evaluadas. En 5 por ciento de las muestras se evidenció la presencia de más de una especie de Cándida coexistiendo en la cavidad bucal, incluyendo asociación de C. albicans con C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis y C. krusei. En ninguno de los casos las especies fueron detectadas individualmente