Neonatal Paratesticular Scrotal Mass: A Rare Case of Atypical Neurofibromatous Neoplasm with Uncertain Biologic Potential.

ABSTRACT: Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential presenting as a paratesticular scrotal mass in a neonate with congenital giant melanocytic nevus is rare. Only one such case of neonatal scrotal neurofibroma has been reported earlier. We report an additional case and its management.

Spectrum of congenital lung and foregut malformations: scope for awareness and prompt management-a case series.

Congenital lung and foregut malformations have been described in literature, but most articles are from the Western world. There are a separate set of problems which are faced in our country especially with the misdiagnosis of these problems which has not so much been addressed in writing. We retrospectively reviewed records of all patients with above thoracic lesions treated at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi from March 2017 to December 2019. Twenty patients were found. Eight of 20 patients were detected antenatally but none monitored serially. Age at presentation ranged from 5 days to 18 months. Eight patients presented with respiratory distress at birth. Three of these were congenital lobar emphysema wrongly diagnosed as pneumothorax and brought with intercostal drainage tube inserted. Eight suffered from pneumonia, 4 of which had history of previous hospital admission but undetected congenital pathology. All underwent surgery and had good outcome. There was radiological evidence of compensatory lung growth in all patients at 6 months follow-up. Thus, we conclude that the antenatal detection of congenital lung and foregut malformations may have increased but proper serial monitoring is still missing. There is scope of increasing index of suspicion for these lesions among pediatricians and surgeons. With modern-day safe anesthesia, proactive resection of congenital lung and foregut malformations is associated with good outcome. Delaying treatment predisposes the child to infective complications and makes surgery difficult.

Optimization of process parameters for ethanol production from sugar cane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis using response surface methodology and genetic algorithm.

Ethanol is a potential energy source and its production from renewable biomass has gained lot of popularity. There has been worldwide research to produce ethanol from regional inexpensive substrates. The present study deals with the optimization of process parameters (viz. temperature, pH, initial total reducing sugar (TRS) concentration in sugar cane molasses and fermentation time) for ethanol production from sugar cane molasses by Zymomonas mobilis using Box-Behnken experimental design and genetic algorithm (GA). An empirical model was developed through response surface methodology to analyze the effects of the process parameters on ethanol production. The data obtained after performing the experiments based on statistical design was utilized for regression analysis and analysis of variance studies. The regression equation obtained after regression analysis was used as a fitness function for the genetic algorithm. The GA optimization technique predicted a maximum ethanol yield of 59.59 g/L at temperature 31 °C, pH 5.13, initial TRS concentration 216 g/L and fermentation time 44 h. The maximum experimental ethanol yield obtained after applying GA was 58.4 g/L, which was in close agreement with the predicted value.