Analyzing Tumor Budding Scores in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Tertiary Care Center Study in South India.

Introduction and Aim: Tumor budding is a distinctive phenomenon which involves the presence of small clusters or individual cancer cells at the invasive front of tumors. Tumor budding has garnered attention due to its potential implications for prognosis, treatment strategies, and our understanding of cancer progression. Our aim is to study the distribution of tumor buds and its scoring in patients with infiltrating breast carcinoma and to associate with other histopathological parameters like the size of the tumor, its grade, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis. Materials and Methods: This was a study analyzing the data of 70 resected specimens of primary breast carcinomas and providing a descriptive overview. Tumor budding was recognized, counted, and graded in hematoxylin and eosin slides. The cases were classified as low (0-4), intermediate (5-9), and high (≥10 buds) based on the count of tumor buds. Tumor budding has significant correlation with tumor grade and tumor size. Results: Of the 70 cases, 60 cases (85.71%) were diagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma NOS. The majority [38 (54.28%)] of the cases showed an intermediate tumor budding score of 5-9/10 HPF. Conclusion: Evaluation of tumor budding allows pathologists and oncologists to gather valuable information about the tumor's biological aggressiveness and potential for metastasis. It also helps in better risk stratification of patients, enabling a more personalized and tailored approach to treatment planning. In conclusion, assessing tumor budding in breast carcinoma holds significant clinical importance in the management and prognosis of this disease.

Chondroid syringoma-an unusual presentation.

Chondroid syringoma is a rare mixed tumour of the skin. It was first described by Hirsch and Helwig. The tumour is composed of a proliferation of epithelial cells present in a myxoid and chondroid matrix. Although chondroid syringoma was predominantly benign, sweat-gland tumour, the usual presentation is of an asymptomatic, slowly growing mass, typically located on the head and neck region. The present case was located in right leg, lateral aspect and rare.

Cavernous hemangioma of the spinal cord: a rare case.

Cavernous hemangiomas are composed of dilated vessels which are filled with blood. Their common sites of occurrence include the skin, liver and the superficial and the deep soft tissues. We are presenting a rare case of cavernous hemangioma of the spinal cord.