49AISNP: a study on the ancestry inference of the three ethnic groups in the north of East Asia.

The ancestry inference of unknown samples plays an important role in forensic investigations. An ideal panel is a set of few markers with high ancestry inference accuracy. We collected 428 AISNP (ancestry informative SNP) that can distinguish the three ethnic groups in north of East Asia, including northern Han, Japanese and Korean. The genotypes of 428 AISNP in 307 samples from these three ethnic groups were obtained. Based on the information of Fst value and clustering by allele frequency, the panel was further refined into 49AISNP smart panel. Inference accuracy of the 49AISNP was verified by the leave-one-out method with 307 samples, and the results showed that its accuracy was higher than 99% in the northern Han, Japanese and Korean ethnic groups. This panel can also be helpful to further distinguish the ethnic sub-groups in East Asia.

The ancestry inference of Chinese populations using 74-plex SNPs system.

A panel of ancestry informative SNPs (AISNPs) can be used to analyze the genetic components of a population and infer the ancestral origin of a DNA sample. Previously, we have selected a 74-AISNPs panel and used it to infer the ancestry of unknown individuals in the following ten geographical regions: Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, Europe, Pacific, Americas, Southwest Asia, South Asia, North Asia, East Asia and Southeast Asia. We have also established a 74-plex SNPs assay based on SEQUENOM system. In the present study, we genotyped 1371 individuals from 14 populations of China using this multiplex assay, and validated its ability to infer the ancestry in Chinese populations. Firstly, based on the reference database of 3628 individuals from 57 world populations, Structure and Heatmap were employed to evaluate the population differentiation capacity. The training data include 1654 individuals from 14 Chinese populations and 3 populations from 1K Genome, which are not included in the reference database. Then the likelihood ratio and ancestry components were analyzed for individual ancestry assignment using the 74-plex SNPs. The minimum amount of DNA required for a full genotype of the 74 SNPs is 1.5 ng, which is applicable for forensic analysis. The results demonstrate that this system can be used in differentiating the population from ten geographical regions. The ancestry inference accuracy for EUR/SAFR/AME population is 95.4%, 71.0% for East Asia and 66.4% for Southeast Asia respectively. The ancestry inference inclusive rate for EUR/SAFR/AME population is 1.06%, 17.9% for East Asia and 33.3% for Southeast Asia respectively. The results suggest that this method can be used in forensic investigations of criminal cases.

Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Antimicrobial Activity of Copper(II) Complexes with the Ligand N,N'-Bis(4-bromosalicylidene)propane-1,2-diamine.

Three new copper(II) complexes, [CuClL] (1), [CuBrL]n (2) and [CuL(NCS)]n (3), derived from the Schiff base 2,4-dichloro-6-((2-pyrrolidin-1-ylethylimino)methyl)phenol (HL) have been prepared and characterized by spectroscopy methods, as well as single crystal X-ray determination. The Cu atom in complex 1 is in square planar coordination, and those in complexes 2 and 3 are in square pyramidal coordination. The Schiff base ligand coordinates to the Cu atoms through phenolate oxygen, imino nitrogen and pyrrolidine nitrogen. The antibacterial activities of the Schiff base and the three copper complexes have been assayed on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and the yeast Candida parapsilosis.