Research on the tilt-to-length coupling noise suppression method inside the gravitational wave detection telescope.

As an integral component of the laser interferometry measurement system, the tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling noise inside the telescope stands out as a critical noise factor that requires meticulous consideration. In the TianQin project, the non-geometric TTL-coupled noise inside the telescope should be less than 0.22 pm/Hz1/2. Additionally, the wavefront aberration RMS at the small pupil of the telescope needs to be better than 0.0065 λ. These requirements set for the telescope are exceptionally stringent. To address this challenge, this study aims to relax the wavefront aberration requirements by mitigating non-geometric TTL coupling noise, while ensuring the non-geometric TTL coupling noise remains below 0.22 pm/Hz1/2. By controlling the coupling aberration proportion, the wavefront aberration RMS at the small pupil of the telescope can be relaxed to 0.014 λ. Alternatively, optimizing the Gaussian beam waist radius can relax the wavefront aberration RMS to 0.016 λ. By simultaneously utilizing two optimization methods, the wavefront aberration at the small pupil of the telescope can be reduced to 0.033 λ, resulting in an impressive success rate of 91.15% in meeting the noise requirements.

Historical trends of breast cancer burden attributable to metabolic factors among Chinese women, 1990-2019: A population-based epidemiological study.

BACKGROUND:  This study aims to analyze breast cancer burden attributable to high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in China from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. Deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were used for attributable burden, and age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to evaluate the independent effects of age, period and birth cohort. RESULTS: In 2019, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI were 1.107 (95% UI: 0.311, 2.327) and 29.990 (8.384, 60.713) per 100 000, and mortality and DALY rates attributable to high FPG were 0.519 (0.095, 1.226) and 13.662 (2.482, 32.425) per 100 000. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized mortality and DALY rates of breast cancer attributable to high BMI increased by 1.192% and 1.180%, and the trends of high FPG were not statistically significant. The APC results showed that the age effects of high BMI and high FPG-mortality and DALY rates increased, with the highest rates in the age group over 80 years. The birth cohort effects of high BMI showed "inverted V" shapes, while high FPG showed downward trends. CONCLUSIONS: Age was the main reason for the increase of attributable burden, and postmenopausal women were the high-risk groups. Therefore, targeted prevention measures should be developed to improve postmenopausal women's awareness and effectively reduce the prevalence of obesity and diabetes, thereby reducing the breast cancer burden caused by metabolic factors in China.

Cross-species analysis of transcriptome emphasizes a critical role of TNF-α in mediating MAP2K7/AKT2 signaling in zearalenone-induced apoptosis.

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a widespread and transgenerational toxicant that can cause serious reproductive health risks, which poses a potential threat to global agricultural production and human health; its estrogenic activity can lead to reproductive toxicity through the induction of granulosa cell apoptosis. Herein, comparative transcriptome analysis, single-cell transcriptome analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) combined with gene knockout in vivo and RNA interference in vitro were used to comprehensively describe the damage caused by ZEN exposure on ovarian granulosa cells. Comparative transcriptome analysis and WGCNA suggested that the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 (MAP2K7)/ AKT serine/threonine kinase 2 (AKT2) axis was disordered after ZEN exposure in porcine granulosa cells (pGCs) and mouse granulosa cells (mGCs). In vivo gene knockout and in vitro RNA interference verified that TNF-α-mediated MAP2K7/AKT2 was the guiding signal in ZEN-induced apoptosis in pGCs and mGCs. Moreover, single-cell transcriptome analysis showed that ZEN exposure could induce changes in the TNF signaling pathway in offspring. Overall, we concluded that the TNF-α-mediated MAP2K7/AKT2 axis was the main signaling pathway of ZEN-induced apoptosis in pGCs and mGCs. This work provides new insights into the mechanism of ZEN toxicity and provides new potential therapeutic targets for the loss of livestock and human reproductive health caused by ZEN.

Induced differentiation of primordial germ cell like cells from SOX9+ porcine skin derived stem cells.

Understanding the mechanisms behind porcine primordial germ cell like cells (pPGCLCs) development, differentiation, and gametogenesis is crucial in the treatment of infertility. In this study, SOX9+ skin derived stem cells (SOX9+ SDSCs) were isolated from fetal porcine skin and a high-purity SOX9+ SDSCs population was obtained. The SOX9+ SDSCs were induced to transdifferentiate into PGCLCs during 8 days of cultured. The results of RNA-seq, western blot and immunofluorescence staining verified SDSCs have the potential to transdifferentiate into PGCLCs from aspects of transcription factor activation, germ layer differentiation, energy metabolism, and epigenetic changes. Both adherent and suspended cells were collected. The adherent cells were found to be very similar to early porcine primordial germ cells (pPGCs). The suspended cells resembled late stage pPGCs and had a potential to enter meiotic process. This SDSCs culture-induced in vitro model is expected to provide suitable donor cells for stem cell transplantation in the future.

Lattice Boltzmann-Discrete Element Modeling Simulation of SCC Flowing Process for Rock-Filled Concrete.

Since invented in 2003, rock-filled concrete (RFC) has gained much attention and has been successfully applied in more and more civil and hydraulic projects in China. This study developed a numerical framework to simulate self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows in the voids among rocks of RFC, which couples the lattice Boltzmann method and discrete element method (DEM). The multiple-relaxation-time scheme is used to simulate self-compacting mortar (SCM) for better stability while the motion of coarse aggregates in SCC is simulated with DEM. The immersed moving boundary method is incorporated to deal with the interactions between coarse aggregates and SCM. After validation, the coupled framework is applied to study SCC flows in a single channel and in porous media with multi-channels. A passing factor PF was proposed and calculated to describe quantitatively the passing ability of SCC through a single channel. The study found that jamming of SCC occurs when the ratio Ar of the gap width to particle diameter is smaller than 2.0 and the jamming risk increases with solid particles fraction while the passing ability has a weak relation with the pressure gradient. Further, SCC flow is self-tuning in porous media with multi-channels and it is prone to go through larger or wider gaps. Exceeded existence of narrow gaps will significantly increase the jamming risk.