RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study. METHODS: A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,010 patients were enrolled, 2,963 (74%) were males. Mean age (SD) was 41.9 (10.0) years. The prevalence of MS was 20.2%. Females had higher prevalence of MS than males (22.7% vs. 19.4%, p = 0.02). MS was driven by high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). Patients with MS had higher 10 year CVD risk: 22.2% vs. 7.4%, p < 0.001. Age (OR: 1.05 per year), female gender (OR: 1.29), family history of CVD (OR: 1.28), CD4 cell count (OR: 1.09 per 100 cell increase), and protease inhibitor based-ART (OR: 1.33) correlated with MS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of MS in this setting was similar to that reported from developed countries. MS was driven by high triglycerides, low-HDL and HBP, and it was associated with higher risk of CVD. Traditional risk factors, female gender, immune reconstitution, and protease inhibitor based-ART correlated with MS.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/induzido quimicamente , Adolescente , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemAssuntos
Encefalite por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Encefalite de St. Louis/epidemiologia , Insetos Vetores , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Surtos de Doenças , Ecologia , Vírus da Encefalite/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Encefalite Transmitidos por Carrapatos/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite Transmitida por Carrapatos/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Jersey , PennsylvaniaAssuntos
Carnívoros , Vacina Antirrábica , Raiva/veterinária , Animais , Gatos , Cães , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Segurança , Especificidade da Espécie , Vacinas AtenuadasRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of and the associated factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) among Latin American HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) using baseline data from the RAPID II study. METHODS: A longitudinal study to evaluate the metabolic profile, cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and associated treatment practices to reduce this risk has been conducted in seven Latin American countries (the RAPID II study). Adult HIV patients with at least six months of RT were enrolled. MS was defined following ATP-III criteria. Demographic and anthropometric data, serum biochemical and clinical parameters were compared in patients with and without MS using bivariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: A total of 4,010 patients were enrolled, 2,963 (74 percent) were males. Mean age (SD) was 41.9 (10.0) years. The prevalence of MS was 20.2 percent. Females had higher prevalence of MS than males (22.7 percent vs. 19.4 percent, p = 0.02). MS was driven by high triglycerides, low HDL-cholesterol and high blood pressure (HBP). Patients with MS had higher 10year CVD risk: 22.2 percent vs. 7.4 percent, p < 0.001. Age (OR: 1.05 per year), female gender (OR: 1.29), family history of CVD (OR: 1.28), CD4 cell count (OR: 1.09 per 100 cell increase), and protease inhibitor based-ART (OR: 1.33) correlated with MS in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence of MS in this setting was similar to that reported from developed countries. MS was driven by high triglycerides, low-HDL and HBP, and it was associated with higher risk of CVD. Traditional risk factors, female gender, immune reconstitution, and protease inhibitor based-ART correlated with MS.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome Metabólica/induzido quimicamente , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Longitudinais , América Latina/epidemiologia , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Carga Viral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Intradermal administration of human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) was investigated in an attempt to reduce the current high cost of preexposure rabies prophylaxis. The study population consisted of 240 volunteers from a veterinary hospital, 165 of whom had prior vaccination with duck embryo rabies vaccine (DEV). Vaccine safety was good; only minor reactions were experienced, all of which resolved spontaneously. Serological responses to intradermal HDCV were excellent; 209 (99.5%) of the 210 persons who completed the study produced rabies antibody titers of 0.50 lU/mL or greater (range, 0.50 to 40.00 lU/mL). Two 0.1-mL doses of HDCV given intradermally 28 days apart provide a safe, effective, and economical method for human preexposure prophylaxis against rabies, irrespective of the previous DEV vaccination history of the recipient.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Vacina Antirrábica/administração & dosagem , Vírus da Raiva/imunologia , Raiva/prevenção & controle , Animais , Patos/imunologia , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Humanos , Imunização Secundária , Injeções Intradérmicas , Vacina Antirrábica/efeitos adversos , Vacina Antirrábica/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Inspeção de Alimentos , Legislação de Medicamentos , Animais , Carne , Aves Domésticas , Estados UnidosAssuntos
Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Animais , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Testes de Fixação de Complemento , Surtos de Doenças , Encefalomielite Equina/mortalidade , Feminino , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Cavalos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes de Neutralização , New Jersey , Fatores Sexuais , Estatística como Assunto , ZoonosesAssuntos
Encefalite por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Aves , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite por Arbovirus/diagnóstico , Encefalite por Arbovirus/mortalidade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , New Jersey , Estações do Ano , Testes SorológicosAssuntos
Encéfalo/microbiologia , Vírus da Encefalite/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite por Arbovirus/etiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/etiologia , Animais , Embrião de Galinha , Técnicas de Cultura , Encefalite por Arbovirus/epidemiologia , Células HeLa , Humanos , New Jersey , Cultura de VírusRESUMO
Se estudiaron 175 madres y sus hijos determinando los marcadores del virus de Hepatitis B, para establecer la frecuencia de portadores de esta infección, que fue del 8.5 por ciento. Se determinó la ausencia de relación entre la seropositividad y los factores de riesgo de ser portador. No se encontraron marcadores en la sangre del cordon umbilical de los neonatos. Se hacen recomendaciones tanto en el control prenatal como sobre las medidas terapéuticas a ser tomadas