[HISTOGENESIS AND PECULIARITIES OF STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE CARDIAC MUSCLE TISSUE IN THE WALLS OF HUMAN CAVAL AND PULMONARY VEINS].

To study the structural organization and histogenesis of the cardiac muscle tissue in the walls of human caval and pulmonary veins, the heart was examined in 3 human embryos (at weeks 6-7 of development) and 20 fetuses (at weeks 9-10, 16, 19, 22 and 24 of development), as well as segments of caval and pulmonary veins of adult men and women (n = 50) located at various distances from the heart. The methods of light and electron microscopy were used in this work. To obtain the isolated cells from the walls of caval and pulmonary veins, the method of tissue alkaline dissociation was used. An immunohistochemical study with the monoclonal antibodies against cardiac troponin T was performed. It was found that the cardiomyocytes in humans were located in the middle and outer tunics of caval and pulmonary veins, where they formed thick layers. In the pulmonary veins of the adult humans, cardiac muscle fibers did not reach the intrapulmonary areas, in the inferior vena cava their layer did not extend beyond the pericardium, in the superior vena cava, its length was 2.5-3.0 cm. The formation of the pulmonary vein orifices occured by sequential inclusion of the wall of the common pulmonary vein, and later--of the right and left pulmonary veins into the wall of the left atrium. During the formation of the orifices of the caval veins, the gradual inclusion of the wall of the venous sinus in the wall of the right atrium was observed, resulting in caval veins opening directly into the cavity of the right atrium. The veins studied were referred to the veins of the muscular type with the strong development of muscular elements containing the myocardial component.

[Hematopoiesis during remote period after acute radiation syndrome].

Based on the long (19.7 +/- 1.8 year) hemopoiesis follow-up study in 152 patients after acute radiation syndrome (ARS) as a result of exposure to gamma-, gamma-beta and gamma-eta radiation in a wide dose range (1.2-9.8 Gy) it was detected that cytopenia appears in the late consequences period: thrombocytopenia was found in 26.9% cases, leukocytopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytopenia--in 13.1% patients. A higher ARS degree causes the increase of various disorders (cytopenia and cytosis) in the late period. It reflects a tight interrelation between blood cell contents and radiation dose. Frequency of cytopenias increases if such somatic disorders: persistent hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis and late radiation ulcers as appear.

[Approbation of a new test system determining the activity of a plasmin inhibitor in patients with sepsis].

Plasmin inhibitor (PI) determination is an essential diagnostic method. The purpose of the study was to develop an amidolytic assay for estimating PI activity, by applying the test system made by RENAM (Moscow). The new system is based on purified plasmin (human plasma) with the activity attested by the international standards. The developed method shows precision and accuracy with low and normal PI activity. The pilot clinical trial in patients with sepsis had demonstrated that the PI activity determined by this method is associated with some hemostatic parameters (prothrombin index, thrombin generation) and a patient's status (septic shock, hepatic dysfunction).

[Radiosensitivity and postradiation kinetics of megakaryocyte release of the bone marrow (analysis based on data of the Chernobyl AES accident sequelae)]. / Radiochuvstvitel'nost' i postradiatsionnaia kinetika megakariotsitarnogo rostka kostnogo mozga (analiz po dannym posledstvii avarii na ChAES).

The radiosensitivity of cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring in accordance of their maturity has been evaluated on the basis of analysis of changes in thrombocyte level in peripheral blood of the Chernobyl disaster victims. The radiosensitivity of committed cellular elements of megakaryocytic spring by the criterion D0 is presumably 1.6-1.7 Gy(n = 1). More mature polyploid cells (megakaryoblasts, megakaryocytes) apparently are "absolutely" radioresistant and within the analysed range of doses (0.1-13.7 Gy) their function of thrombocyte producing remains intact. It has been proved that the rate of thrombocyte escape from peripheral blood rises with the acute radiation disease under going in the comparison with the norm that seriously affects the lifetime of thrombocytes. The transit time of megakaryocyte starting from primarily committed cell and ending with a cellular element, producing thrombocytes, is not a constant value. The normal transit time is approximately 28 days.

[Radiosensitivity of erythropoietic stem cells (from the data on the aftereffects of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station]. / K voprosu o radiochuvstvitel'nosti kletochnykh élementov éritropoéticheskogo rostka kostnogo mozga (analiz po dannym posledstvii avarii na ChAES)]

The radiosensibility of erythropoietic tissue cells was estimated on the basis of analysis of erythrocyte and reticulocyte quantity changes in peripheral blood of the victims of the disaster on the Chernobyl NPP. The radiosensibility of blood cells was evaluated in accordance with their maturity (committed, committed-and-maturing and maturing pools). The population of erythropoietic tissue cells can be divided into two groups on the criterion of their radiosensibility. The first group demonstrates the highest level of radiosensibility varying from 0.5 to 1.73 Gy (n = 1). It includes the cells from primarily committed to basophilic normoblasts. The other group consisting of polychromatophils and oxyphils is more radioresistent. Do of these groups corresponds to their maturity and ascends from 4.7 to 12.9 Gy.

[Health status of persons with acute radiation sickness caused by Chernobyl AES accident]. / Sostoianie zdorov'ia lits, perenesshikh ostruiu luchevuiu bolezn' v rezul'tate avarii na ChAES.

After Chernobyl accident 75 survivors with acute radiation syndrome (ARS) have been under observation in the Clinic of the Institute of Biophysics. Years after accident serious problems occurred in the individuals, who suffered from late effects from radiation injuries (late radiation ulcers and radiation cataracts). One patient suffered on hypernephroma, one-kidney cyst. Observed somatic diseases are gastrointestinal diseases, different neurological diseases and syndromes and upper pulmonary tract diseases. Hemopoiesis system condition was characterised by the development of transient moderate cytopenia (light and moderate degree of ARS patients) as well as the periodical increase of blood cell counts above standard indices (severe degree of ARS patients).

[Effect of streptodecase and heparin on the state of hemostasis in patients with acute myocardial infarction]. / Vliianie streptodekazy s geparinom na sostoianie gemostaza u bol'nykh ostrym infarktom miokarda.

The article deals with the effect of the intravenous administration of streptodekase with heparin on the hemostatic system in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The data obtained are compared with the corresponding parameters in patients treated with native streptokinase. The advantages of the new thrombolytic drug over ordinary streptokinase are shown: a one-time administration of the whole therapeutic dose of streptodekase allows a significant simplification of the thrombolytic therapy scheme; streptodekase induces prolonged activation of fibrinolysis (up to 5-7 days) without any signs of its subsequent depression and with the minimum inhibition of blood coagulation. The specific selective influence of streptodekase on the fibrinolytic system helps to obviate hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications characteristic of native streptokinase. In addition, low antigenicity and toxicity of streptodekase ensure the absence of any allergic and adverse side-effects in patients treated with the drug.

[Effect of the new Soviet thrombolytic preparation streptodecase on the fibrinolysis system]. / Vliianie novogo otechestvennogo tromboliticheskogo preparata streptodekazy na sistemu fibrinoliza.

The usefulness of the thrombolytic therapy in diseases of the cardio-vascular system, complicated or caused by thromboses is beyond doubt. However, the existing medicinal forms of fibrinolytic enzymes possess a number of disadvantages which limit their use. To enhance the efficacy of thrombolytic therapy a streptokinase, named streptodekase, has been created and immobilized on a water-soluble matrix. Streptodekase was tested on the haemocoagulation system in 7 patients with thrombosis of the femoral artery or the branches of the pulmonary artery. It was seen that streptodekase causes a considerable and rapid increase of fibrinolysis without unwanted disorders in the blood coagulation and other side effects. The convenience in use and simplicity (the therapeutic dose of 3,000,000 units is administered in a single injection, intravenously and immediately), the safety and high specific activity permit one to think that the drug may be widely used.

[Clinico-experimental study of the possibility of the use of immobilized enzymes for local thrombolysis and thromboformation]. / Kliniko-éksperimental'noe izuchenie vozmozhnostei primeneniia immobilizovannykh fermentov dlia lokal'nogo tromboliza i tromboobrazovaniia.

Fibrinolysin immobilized by a solid polysaccharide carrier capable of controllable biodegradation is shown to exert a local effective thrombolyzing action. Certain results of clinical studies of immobilized streptase (streptodecase) are presented. They show essential advantages of the new preparation over the known native enzymes. Experiments with animals show that the immobilized thrombin may be applied in therapeutic embolization for the hemorrhage cessation.

[Plasma and platelet lipids in patients with newly diagnosed angina and chronic heart disease]. / Lipidy plazmy krovi i trombotsitov u bol'nykh s vpervye voznikshei i khronicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

In patients with ischemic heart disease impairments in blood plasma lipid spectrum were more distinct in the chronic form of the disease. At the same time, the phospholipid composition was altered in thrombocytes as compared with that of persons free of ischemic heart disease and of stenosing coronary atherosclerosis.

[Changes in the indices of carbohydrate metabolism, of the lipoprotein spectrum and of the blood coagulation system in men with ischemic heart disease undergoing long-term propranolol treatment]. / Izmenenie nekotorykh pokazatelei uglevodnogo obmena, spektra lipoproteidov i sistemy svertyvaniia krovi u muzhchin s ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa pri dlitel'nom lechenii propranololom.

The paper is concerned with evidence of the time course of blood sugar, lipoprotein spectrum and some values of the blood coagulation system in patients with CHD on prolonged propranolol therapy in comparison with their natural time course in a similar group of patients with CHD receiving no therapy. Propranolol therapy for 2 yrs. produced no changes in the lipoprotein spectrum and blood fibrinogen. The level of blood sugar on an empty stomach rose 6 and 12 mos after treatment and did not differ from the control one in 24 mos, and the coagulation index significantly exceeded the control one in 24 mos. The results obtained are suggestive of a necessity of control over the level of blood sugar and hemocoagulation during a prolonged and continuous intake of propranolol.

[Hemopoietic response to americium and plutonium exposure in nuclear industry workers]. / Reaktsii krovetvornoi sistemy u rabotnikov atomnoi promyshlennosti pri vozdeistvii ameritsiia i plutoniia.

The examinees demonstrated definite effects caused by total influence of Am-241 and Pu-239: chronic radiation sickness with diffuse pneumosclerosis, chronic toxic radiation bronchitis and peripheral blood changes (reactive alterations and stable lower platelets and reticulocytes count), microfocal hypoplasia, osteodysplasia, reactive hepatopathy. Frequency of these effects increased with higher radiation exposure and did not depend on the age.

[Evaluation of the level and radiosensitivity of the hematopoietic stem cell pool in man by the number of endocolonies of undifferentiated cells forming against a background of post-radiation bone marrow aplasia]. / Otsenka urovnia i radiochuvstvitel'nosti stvolovogo krovetvornogo pula cheloveka po chislu éndokolonii nedifferentsirovannykh kletok, formiruiushchikhsia na fone postluchevoi aplazii kostnogo mozga.

The value and radiosensitivity of human haemopoietic stem pool may be assessed by the number of colonies of nondifferentiated cells (CFUnc) formed in situ during regeneration of the haemopoietic organ from the postirradiation aplasia. The time required for doubling the population, that constitutes nondifferentiated cell endocolonies, was reduced as the radiation dose increased.

[The level of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood as a criterion of the degree of severity of acute radiation sickness (based on materials from the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station)]. / Uroven' limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi kak kriterii stepeni tiazhesti ostroi luchevoi bolezni (po materialiam avarii na ChAES).

A study was made of the peripheral blood lymphocyte level as a function of gamma-radiation dose after single gamma-radiation attack resulted from Chernobyl disaster. After the initial drop an average level of lymphocytes was stabilized by day 2 after exposure and no further systematic decrease in the number of lymphocytes occurred. The accuracy of prognostication of the severity of acute radiation sickness, determined by the average lymphocyte level on days 3-6 amounted to as low as 50%. However, when the neighbouring, by the severity, groups of patients were taken into account, the accuracy was 88%.