The influence of food restriction on the small bowel: Does intensive short­term food restriction lead to weight loss?

The objective of this study was to show morphological changes in the small intestine of Hyplus broiler rabbits following an eight­day food restriction programme. The control group (C) received food ad libitum (ADL) for the duration of the experiment. Group R1 received 50g of food per day, and group R2 received 65g of food per day. After the food restriction diet had been completed, groups R1 and R2 were returned to ad libitum feeding. After food restriction and at the end of the experiment, the longest small bowel measurement was recorded in the C group. In the C group, after food restriction, the villi height was significantly higher, compared to that in R1 and R2 groups and at the end of the experiment, the villi were significantly higher in R1 and R2 groups. After food restriction, the values of crypts depth were approximately similar in all groups, and the end of experiment, the depth of crypts were deepest in R1and R2 groups, as compared to that in C group. The full process is followed by weight loss to the end of the experiment. These data suggest that intensive short­term food restriction followed by ADL feeding has effect on weight loss (Fig. 3, Ref. 30).

[Breech presentation - an analysis of results in one perinatal center]. / Poloha plodu koncom panvovým - analýza výsledkov jedného perinatologického centra.

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective analysis of medical records during years 2007-2011 considers maternal and fetal outcome in patients with breech presentation terminated by vaginal delivery versus caesarean section (CS). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. METHODS: Authors devided patients with breech presentation of fetus (n = 299) to groups of single pregnancies terminated in term (n = 197), before term (n = 67) and to group of multiple pregnancies (n = 35). All groups were devided according to the way of termination of pregnancy by vaginal delivery, by acute CS and by planned CS. Main followed parameters: parity, gestational week, Apgar score, birth weight, birth length, fetal gender, indications for CS, mortality and neonatal morbidity, umbilical artery pH, convulsions, admit to neonatal intensive care unit, intubation of neonate, intracranial bleeding, cervical spine and peripheral nerve injuries. RESULTS: Total cohort of breech deliveries was 299. In the group of single pregnancies in term was 19.8% terminated by vaginal delivery (n = 39), 32.5% deliveries by acute CS (n = 64). The most common indication was fetal hypoxia (43.8%). By planned CS was terminated 47.7% deliveries (n = 94). The most common indication for CS was footling presentation (54.3%). Severe neonatal morbidity was rare and without significant difference according to the type of termination of pregnancy. Neonatal outcome was comparable in the group of preterm deliveries(n = 67) terminated by vaginal delivery or by CS. All neonatal deaths were associated with extreme prematurity and not with type of termination of gravidity. CONCLUSION: Clinical outcomes between vaginal breech deliveries and breech deliveries terminated by CS in term in singleton pregnancies were not significant different. Mortality of neonates delivered by preterm delivery was associated with severe prematurity.

[Rapid detection of the most common chromosomal aneuploidies in the second-trimester amniotic fluid using QF-PCR]. / Rýchla detekcia najbeznejsích chromozómových aneuploídií z plodovej vody v druhom trimestri tehotnosti vyuzitím QF-PCR.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce QF-PCR method for detection of the most common chromosomal (trisomy 21, 18 and 13) and gonosomal aneuploidies at our department in the second-trimester amniotic fluid. To test the hypothesis of chromosomal aneuploidies detection using STR markers of Aneufast® kit via analysing free fetal DNA (ffDNA) isolated from plasma of pregnant women with confirmed trisomy 21 in fetus. DESIGN: A prospective clinical study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital in Martin, Slovak Republic. METHODS: The samples of amniotic fluid were obtained from 67 women (twin pregnancy in 3 cases) in the 2nd trimester (15th to 22nd gestational week (g.w.)). Samples were examined using multiplex QF-PCR via Aneufast kit. In the case of positivity for trisomy 21, they were re-examined using Devyser Resolution 21 kit. All samples were parallelly evaluated by cytogenetic karyotyping. We also analyzed ffDNA from the plasma of 3 high-risk women using Aneufast kit. The plasma samples were obtained in the 2nd trimester(17th to 21st g.w.). Qiaamp DSP Virus kit was used for ffDNA isolation. Trisomy 21 of 3 fetuses was confirmed by karyotyping after 2nd trimester amniocentesis. RESULTS: In the cohort of 70 samples, 7 pathological results (six trisomies 21 and one trisomy 18) were obtained. There was 100% concordance with cytogenetic karyotype in all samples examined by QF-PCR. The amplification of tracked chromosome 21 fragments was not evaluable in the case of ffDNA analysis. CONCLUSION: QF-PCR was approved as reliable, rapid, quite simple and financially bearable method of prenatal diagnostics. Despite the fact of good availability and work implementation of Aneufast® kit, results of ffDNA analysis are insufficient. We did not obtain interpretable results after ffDNA analysis from maternal plasma in trisomy 21 fetuses.

[Recurrent subareolar non puerperal abscess of breast with fistules of lactiferous ducts (Zuskas disease)]. / Rekurentný subareolárny non- puerperálny absces prsníka s fistuláciami ductus lactiferi (Zuskas disease).

INTRODUCTION: Zuskas disease (ZD) is an illness also known as the recurrent subareolar non-puerperal abscess of breast with fistulas of lactiferous ducts or as a periductal mastitis. ZD is rare, but painful chronic disease of breast characterized by local inflammation and evacuation of viscous content from abscess around the nipple. We present a rare form of the non-puerperal mastitis in patients with recurrence of this disease and with the description of management and treatment. CONCLUSION: The treatment of ZD is often inadequate and it leads to the recurrence of ZD and retraction of the nipple. Definitive treatment of ZD is surgical excision of the fistulation, removing of whole retroareolar fibroglandular tissue, abscess cavity and ductal tissue inside the nipple, including the obstructed ducts. The ratio of patients cured by this method is high, as well as their satisfaction with the final cosmetic effect of the nipple and breast.

[Hormonal treatment effectivity in hyperandrogenic syndrome]. / Efekt hormonálnej liecby hyperandrogénneho syndrómu.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate effectiveness of hormonal treatment of hyperandrogenic syndrome (HAS). DESIGN: Prospective randomized study. SETTING: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic. METHODS: We assessed effect of one-year-long hormonal treatment on menstrual cycles (MC), clinical signs of HAS, and ultrasound finding (USG) in 90 patients with HAS. Patients were divided into three groups with 30 females: A--35 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) with 2.0 mg cyproterone acetate/day; B--30 microg EE with 2.0 mg dienogest/day; C--30 microg EE with 3.0 mg drospirenone/day. RESULTS: It was achieved a positive effect on MC regularity in every group during the first six months of treatment (p < 0.001). Signs of hirsutism, virilization, and USG finding were significantly better in group A. CONCLUSION: The most effective hormonal treatment in our study was the combination of 35 microg EE with 2.0 mg cyproterone acetate/day.