Effect of PCL nanofiber mats coated with chitosan microcapsules containing cinnamon essential oil for wound healing.

INTRODUCTION: Cinnamon is one of the most common spices that has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties in wound healing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of polycaprolactone nanofiber mats coated with chitosan microcapsules loaded with cinnamon essential oil in wound healing. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For this purpose, chitosan microcapsules containing cinnamon essential oil (µCS-CiZ) were prepared by ion gelation and PCL nanofibers by electrospinning. The size of the µCS-CiZ and the morphology of nanofibers were evaluated by DLS and FESEM methods. In order to evaluate wound healing, 48 rats in 4 groups of Control, µCS-CiZ, PCL, and PCL + µCS-CiZ and were examined on days 7, 14, and 21 in terms of macroscopy (wound closure rate) and histology (edema, inflammation, vascularity, fibrotic tissue, and re-epithelialization). RESULTS: The particle size of the µCS-CiZ and the diameter of the nanofibers were estimated at about 6.33 ± 1.27 µm and 228 ± 33 nm, respectively. On day 21, both µCS-CiZ and PCL groups showed a significant decrease in wound size compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The PCL + µCS-CiZ group also showed a significant decrease compared to the µCS-CiZ (P < 0.05) and PCL groups (P < 0.05). Histological results showed further reduction of edema, inflammation, and vascularity in granulation tissue and appearance of moderate to marked fibrotic tissue in PCL + µCS-CiZ group compared with the other groups. CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that the combined use of PCL + µCS-CiZ indicates a synergistic effect on improving wound healing.

The present status of Sarcocystis spp. and sarcocystosis in Iran: a literature review.

Sarcocystosis due to Sarcocystis species, is prevalent among livestock in most parts of Iran, the predominant species being S. cruzi, and then followed by S. hirsuta and S. hominis. Studies on the prevalence and geographic distribution pattern of infection in the most common sites of infection have revealed infection rates up to 100% in at least one of the examined tissues in the country. Although human intestinal and gallbladder Sarcocystis infections have been reported, nothing is known about muscular Sarcocystis infection in human in Iran. The main aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence of Sarcocystis infections in ruminants, dogs, cats, and poultry as well as humans based on the studies conducted in Iran from November 1974 to October 2020. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, as well as one Persian electronic databases (SID) were searched systematically from November 1974 to October 2020. Publication searches were performed by various combinations of the following terms: "sarcocystosis" or "Sarcocystis spp." and "Iran". The reference list of selected articles was also manually screened, and the searching process resulted in the selection of 56 studies. The abstracts of the papers published at the congresses were not reviewed.

Method development for determination of migrated phthalate acid esters from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging into traditional Iranian drinking beverage (Doogh) samples: a novel approach of MSPE-GC/MS technique.

In the current study, a novel magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) technique combined with a gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) was developed to determine the phthalate ester content of bottled Doogh samples. Doogh is a yogurt-based drinking beverage, which is frequently consumed in Middle East and Balkans. It is produced by stirring yogurt in Chern separation machine and consists of substances such as water, yogurt, and salt in addition to aqueous extracts of native herbs. The magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-Fe3O4) were used as adsorbents of phthalate acid esters (PAEs) due to a superior adsorption capability of hydrophobic compounds. In this context, the quantity of the extractable migrated phthalate esters (dibutyl phthalate (DBP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di-N-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into Doogh samples was measured. The correlation between the concentration of migrated PAEs and some factors such as the type of Doogh (gaseous and without gas), difference in brand (five brands), volume (1500 and 300 mL), and the storage time also was investigated. The migration level into Doogh samples was increased by incorporating of gas as well as increasing the volume of PET bottles. Also, with elaborating of storage time, the migration of some phthalates such as DEHP (the mean from 2419.85 ng L-1 in the first week to 2716.15 ng L-1 in the second month), DEP, and total phthalate was increased. However, no significant difference in concentrations of migrated phthalate esters among different examined brands was noted. Finally, the concentration of migrated PAEs from bottle into all the examined Doogh samples was below the defined standards by EPA; 6 µg/L for DEHP in drinking water. Graphical abstract ᅟ.

Perspectives of Patient Handover among Paramedics and Emergency Department Members; a Qualitative Study.

INTRODUCTION: Improving patient handover is currently considered as a patient safety goal and one of the top five WHO priorities. So, the aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of patient handover among paramedics and emergency department staff. METHODS: This is a descriptive exploratory study with a qualitative content analysis approach. Twenty five paramedics and emergency department staff were selected through purposeful sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews in 2015 and Qualitative Content Analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULT: One main theme and two major categories emerged through the data analysis. In general, data analysis indicated that patient handover is a sophisticated process, which is an encounter between two separate peninsulas with different extrinsic (different environments and different equipment) and intrinsic factors (different manpower and different expectations). CONCLUSION: Designing an appropriate environment, providing adequate equipment, recruiting appropriate manpower, and clarifying the expectations are some strategies for improving patient handover conditions.