RESUMO
We studied cascaded optical rectification processes for intense terahertz (THz) pulse generation in electro-optic crystals using simulations based on one-dimensional coupled propagation equations of THz and optical fields. We found that under ideal conditions of perfect phase matching and no absorption, cascaded optical rectification processes produce intense THz pulses with efficiencies exceeding the Manley-Rowe limit. Large red shifting of the pump light spectrum was observed. Effects of finite optical and THz absorption, phase mismatches, and pulse width were examined using parameters of a ZnTe crystal pumped by 800 nm pulses. THz field enhancement by multiple pulse pumping was also studied.
RESUMO
Influences of heat stress on skeletal muscle regeneration were examined in experimental rats. After crush injury to the Extensor digitorum longus muscle (EDL) of the left hindlimb, animals were randomly divided into non-heat and heat groups. In the latter, packs filled with hot water (42°C) were percutaneously applied to the injured EDL muscle for 20min to the front of the lower leg, soon after the injury. During the early stages of muscle regeneration, due to the heat stress, secondary degeneration at the injured site progressed faster, and migration of macrophages, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells were facilitated. At 14 and 28 days after the injury, the ratio of regenerating muscle fibers exhibiting central nuclei in the heat treated group was significantly lower than that in the non-heat group, and cross sectional area in the heat group was evidently larger than that in the non-heat group. Moreover, in the heat group, the ratio of collagen fiber area at 14 and 28 days after the injury was smaller than in the non-heat group. Together, these findings suggest that acceleration of degeneration processes by heat stress soon after injury is likely to promote skeletal muscle regeneration and inhibit collagen deposition.