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1.
J Youth Adolesc ; 44(4): 964-78, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24682959

RESUMO

Distinct behaviors such as non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and firesetting may represent functionally equivalent attempts to regulate difficult affective/cognitive or social experiences during adolescence. This study examined possible mechanisms leading to NSSI, as opposed to firesetting, as well as co-occurrence of these behaviors. Participants aged 12-18 years (N = 2,356; 67.5 % female) completed self-report questionnaires measuring NSSI and firesetting, as well as socio-demographic and psychosocial factors including personality traits related to impulsivity and anxiety, negative life events, emotion regulation, and coping. The findings indicated the presence of general risk factors (e.g., negative life events and poor coping) that increase the likelihood that adolescents will engage in any of a range of maladaptive behaviors. The probability of at-risk adolescents engaging in NSSI was increased by psychological states (i.e., rumination and poor self-esteem), whereas socio-demographic and personality traits were associated with firesetting. Implications for prevention and early intervention initiatives are discussed.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Piromania/psicologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Adolescente , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
Prev Sci ; 15(6): 860-8, 2014 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24249084

RESUMO

In recent years, increasing concern regarding non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents has prompted investigation of factors that may prevent this behavior. This study examined the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI in a community sample of adolescents, and the moderating effect of both optimism and rumination on this association. Two thousand five hundred seventy-two participants (12-18 years) completed self-report questionnaires assessing psychological distress, cognitive, and emotional characteristics, and NSSI history. Ten percent of the sample reported a history of NSSI, and as hypothesized, optimism moderated the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI; the association was only evident when optimism was low. Rumination was not found to moderate the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI. These findings highlight the utility of considering optimism in NSSI prevention and early intervention programs.


Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/etiologia , Estresse Psicológico , Pensamento , Adolescente , Austrália , Criança , Emoções , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Cancers (Basel) ; 14(5)2022 Feb 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35267475

RESUMO

Adjunction of immune response into the TNM classification system improves the prediction of colon cancer (CC) prognosis. However, immune response measurements have not been used as robust biomarkers of pathology in clinical practice until the introduction of Immunoscore (IS), a standardized assay based on automated artificial intelligence assisted digital pathology. The strong prognostic impact of the immune response, as assessed by IS, has been widely validated and IS can help to refine treatment decision making in early CC. In this study, we compared pathologist visual scoring to IS. Four pathologists evaluated tumor specimens from 50 early-stage CC patients and classified the CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell densities at the tumor site (T-score) into 2 (High/Low) categories. Individual and overall pathologist scoring of immune response (before and after training for immune response assessment) were compared to the reference IS (High/Low). Pathologists' disagreement with the reference IS was observed in almost half of the cases (48%) and training only slightly improved the accuracy of pathologists' classification. Agreement among pathologists was minimal with a Kappa of 0.34 and 0.57 before and after training, respectively. The standardized IS assay outperformed expert pathologist assessment in the clinical setting.

4.
Arch Suicide Res ; 20(2): 233-49, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26214360

RESUMO

Co-occurring internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors in adolescence typically marks more severe psychopathology and poorer psychosocial functioning than engagement in a single problem behavior. We examined the negative life events, emotional and behavioral problems, substance use, and suicidality of school-based adolescents reporting both non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) and repetitive firesetting, compared to those engaging in either behavior alone. Differences in NSSI characteristics among self-injurers who set fires, compared to those who did not, were also assessed. A total of 384 at-risk adolescents aged 12-18 years (58.8% female) completed self-report questionnaires measuring NSSI, firesetting, and key variables of interest. Results suggest that adolescents who both self-injure and deliberately set fires represent a low-prevalence but distinct high-risk subgroup, characterized by increased rates of interpersonal difficulties, mental health problems and substance use, more severe self-injury, and suicidal behavior. Implications for prevention and early intervention initiatives are discussed.


Assuntos
Bullying/estatística & dados numéricos , Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Piromania/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Ideação Suicida , Adolescente , Comportamento do Adolescente/psicologia , Austrália/epidemiologia , Criança , Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Piromania/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Serviços de Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Comportamento Problema/psicologia , Autorrelato , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
5.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26421057

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Co-occurrence of problem behaviors, particularly across internalizing and externalizing spectra, increases the risk of suicidality (i.e., suicidal ideation and attempt) among youth. METHODS: We examined differences in psychosocial risk factors across levels of suicidality in a sample of 77 school-based adolescents engaging in both nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) and repeated firesetting. Participants completed questionnaires assessing engagement in problem behaviors, mental health difficulties, negative life events, poor coping, impulsivity, and suicidality. RESULTS: Adolescents endorsing suicidal ideation reported greater psychological distress, physical and sexual abuse, and less problem solving/goal pursuit than those with no history of suicidality; adolescents who had attempted suicide reported more severe NSSI, higher rates of victimization and exposure to suicide, relative to those with suicidal ideation but no history of attempt. Additional analyses suggested the importance of coping beliefs in protecting against suicidality. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical implications and suggestions for future research relating to suicide prevention are discussed.

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