Prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in dental paediatric and orthodontic patients in Hungary.

Non-syndromic permanent canine agenesis, or combined with agenesis, or developmental absence of other tooth types, has occasionally been described in the literature, but isolated forms are rarely observed. The purpose of the present retrospective radiographic study was to provide data on the prevalence and distribution of permanent canine agenesis in the Hungarian population. Dental panoramic tomograms and the medical history data of 4417, 6- to 18-year-old children (average age 12 years, male-to-female ratio 1:1), who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics of the Semmelweis University Budapest, Hungary, were examined. Patients with systemic diseases were excluded. Chi-square and Fisher's tests were performed to determine statistical significance at a level of P < 0.05. Thirteen subjects had permanent canine agenesis. The overall prevalence was 0.29 per cent. The prevalence of permanent canine agenesis was 0.27 per cent in the maxilla and 0.09 per cent in the mandible (P < 0.01). The male-to-female ratio was 1:2.2. Dental anomalies associated with permanent canine agenesis were found: 11 patients had retention of the primary canines, 10 other types of agenesis of the permanent teeth, one a primary supernumerary tooth, one a supernumerary cusp, and nine occlusal disturbances.

Dental trauma in children in Budapest. A retrospective study.

AIM: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are among the most serious dental public health problems in childhood. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anterior tooth TDIs in 7- to 18-year-old children who presented for treatment over a period between January 2007 and December 2016, and to survey the effect of an increased health awareness and educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods in decreasing their prevalence compared with data published in the years 1985-1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was carried out on 454 children who presented for treatment at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics in Budapest, Hungary. RESULTS: The prevalence of TDIs was 1%. Males experienced more dental injuries than females. The incidence of dental trauma peaked at 9 years of age. The most observed injury was luxation. Most accidents occurred during playtime at home. TDIs occurred most frequently in the spring. CONCLUSION: The increased health awareness, a wide educational campaign about the risk of TDIs and the importance of prevention methods have essentially contributed to the decrease in the prevalence of TDIs, with an increase of luxation injuries and a decrease of teeth fractures.

Oral health in 8-9 year-old children in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) and in two Hungarian cities (Budapest and Debrecen).

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports the results of standardised oral examination (dmft/DMFT, CPI) of 1,090 8-9 year-old children from Saxony-Anhalt (Germany) and 906 8-9 year-old children from Budapest and Debrecen (Hungary) to assess the oral health condition after the political changes and the transformation of the dental care systems in Eastern Germany and in Hungary respectively. METHOD: Children were randomly selected from urban and suburban areas in one of the new Federal States of Germany. Hungarian children were selected from Budapest and Debrecen. The clinical examinations were based on WHO criteria. RESULTS: The mean dmft of the German children was 3.5 (95% CI: 3.33-3.68); the corresponding mean in the Hungarian sample was 2.3 (95% CI: 2.19-2.55). In both samples the decayed (d) component was the highest within the dmft. The mean DMFT in the German sample was 0.7 (DT = 0.4, FT = 0.3, MT = 0); in Hungary the corresponding means were 0.4 (DT = 0.3, FT = 0.1, MT = 0). Initial inflammation was the most common gingivial condition found. CONCLUSION: In general the oral health status of both groups was poor. The major problem was the high percentage of children with caries that needed treatment.

Phage T7-inactivation test. A possibility of quantitative mutagenicity screening.

A new method is described for the quantitative characterization of the genotoxic effect of chemicals. The method is based on the determination of the inactivation of bacteriophage T7 and on the application of a simple mathematical model valid for the processes during, or at least in the initial stage of the interaction of chemicals and phages. A value characteristic for the chemical is defined and it is determined from the inactivation kinetics. Typical inactivation kinetic curves and some problems of the application of the model as well as the mutagenicity index values determined for about 30 substances are presented. The substances examined have mutagenicity index values covering a range of six orders of magnitude. The obtained values are compared with the results of different mutagenicity/carcinogenicity tests and discussed on the basis of data in the literature. The presented method is proposed to be applied for quantitative mutagenicity screening of chemicals.

[Comparative study of the fissure sealants Concise and Delton]. / Osszehasonlító vizsgálatok Concise és Delton barázdazáró anyaggal.

In the case of Concise after one year 88.3% and after two years 72.8% caries-prophylactic effect was measured. In case of Delton the same values were 83.8% and 89.4%, respectively.

[Dental treatment of handicapped children under general anesthesia]. / Fogyatékos gyermekek fogászati kezelése általános érzéstelenítésben.

Complex dental treatment of a 15-year-old mentally retarded boy was presented by the authors. Oral surgical, restorative dental, and prosthetic intervention (upper and lower bridge) was done partly with intravenous narcotic agent (Propofol) and partly under intubation narcosis.

[Ambulatory anesthesia in pediatric dentistry]. / Ambuláns narkózis a gyermekfogászatban.

Complex dental care has been performed on 180 mentally retarded children difficult to manage in general narcosis. Ketalar (Parke-Davis) employable also im. and iv. and its Hungarian counterpart the Calypsol (Köbányai Gyógyszerárugyár), respectively, was employed for narcotics.

[Experience with amalgams manufactured by Southern Dental Industries (Australia)]. / Tapasztalataink az SDI cég által gyártott amalgámmal.

The gamma 2 phaseless amalgam of the firm Southern Dental Industries (SDI) was tested. None of the 205 fillings showed level deviations, unevenness, secondary caries and breakage. A minimum size gap was found in 2 cases.

[Experience with Ketac silver filling material]. / Ketac silver tömöanyaggal szerzett tapasztalataink.

The authors used ESPE's Ketac silver "cermet" in deciduous molars. They advise to use it only in deciduous teeth because of its low wearing quality and britleness.

[Effect of experimentally induced trauma to the incisors in rats]. / Experimentálisan létrehozott trauma hatása patkánymetszókön.

The purpose of this study was to produce developmental lesions of enamel in rats by a quick and simple method and to examine the enamel hypoplasia caused by trauma. 4-day-old and 3-week-old Wistar rats were used. Trauma was produced by needle pricking and hitting on the mandibula. After one week incisors were removed together with jaws and prepared for microradiography, X-ray diffraction, light microscope and transmission electron microscope examination. Microradiographic findings in the needle pricking group revealed hypocalcified and hypoplastic enamel. The incidence was 73.7%. In the hitting group of 4-day-old rats the incidence was lower, 70.0%. Microradiographic findings in this group were diffuse hypoplasia in the surface enamel. Hitting of 3-week-old rats produced no enamel hypoplasia. Crystallinity of hypoplastic enamel was reduced in both a-axis and c-axis direction. Histological findings in 4-day-old rats revealed disarranged and detached ameloblasts at location trauma. These results indicate that a needle pricking method involving secretory stage ameloblasts of 4-day-old rat incisors can induce a considerable amount of enamel hypoplasia.

[Frequency of supernumerary teeth and possibilities of treatment]. / A maradó számfeletti fogak elófordulási gyakorisága és kezelésük lehetóségei.

According to dental literature, the frequency of supernumerary teeth is 1-3%. The authors analyzed the orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents aged between 6 and 18 years to determine the frequency of supernumerary teeth at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics. The frequency was found to be 1.92%. The sequence of frequency of supernumerary teeth was: mesiodens, lateral incisor, central incisor. 77.8% of the supernumerary teeth occurred in the maxilla, 97.2% in the frontal region. Besides the data found, two successful cases of surgical and orthodontic treatment are also presented.

[Prevalence of congenital hypodontia in the permanent dentition and its treatment]. / A maradó fogak csírahiányának elófordulási gyakorisága és a kezelés lehetóségei.

Congenital aplasia (agenesis) is an important development dental anomaly. There is a big discrepancy between the data on the prevalence of aplasia in dental literature. The authors analyzed orthopantomograms of 1875 children and adolescents at the Department of Dentistry for Children and Orthodontics of Semmelweis University. The prevalence of congenital aplasia was found 15.68% (294 subjects). There was no difference between the sexes. The most frequently missing teeth were the upper lateral incisors, the lower second premolars, the upper second premolars and the lower central incisors. The highest number of aplasia was detected in the second premolars (330 teeth). The frequency of aplasia of the molars was 0.74%. Oligodontia was found in 1.12%. The authors present two patients with aplasia and the successful treatment of the cases.