Effect of fibrinogen on blood coagulation detected by optical coherence tomography.

Our previous work demonstrated that an optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique and the parameter 1/e light penetration depth (d1/e) were able to characterize the whole blood coagulation process in contrast to existing optical tests that are performed on plasma samples. To evaluate the feasibility of the technique for quantifying the effect of fibrinogen (Fbg) on blood coagulation, a dynamic study of d1/e of blood in various Fbg concentrations was performed in static state. Two groups of blood samples of hematocrit (HCT) in 35, 45, and 55% were reconstituted of red blood cells with: 1) treated plasma with its intrinsic Fbg removed and commercial Fbg added (0-8 g L(-1)); and 2) native plasma with commercial Fbg added (0-8 g L(-1)). The results revealed a typical behavior due to coagulation induced by calcium ions and the clotting time is Fbg concentration-dependent. The clotting time was decreased by the increasing amount of Fbg in both groups. Besides, the blood of lower HCT with various levels of Fbg took shorter time to coagulate than that of higher HCT. Consequently, the OCT method is a useful and promising tool for the detection of blood-coagulation processes induced with different Fbg levels.

Monitoring the blood coagulation process under various flow conditions with optical coherence tomography.

Our previous work demonstrated that an optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique was able to characterize the whole blood coagulation process. The 1/e light penetration depth (d(1/e)) derived from the profiles of reflectance versus depth was developed for detecting the whole blood coagulation process in static state. To consider the effect of blood flow, in the present study, d(1/e) versus time from the coagulating porcine blood circulated in a mock flow loop with various steady laminar flows at mean flow speed in the range from 5 to 25 mm/s. The variation of d(1/e) was used to represent the change of blood properties during coagulation in different hematocrits (HCT) ranging from 25% to 55%, velocities from 5 to 25 mm/s, and tubing sizes from 0.9 to 2 mm. The results showed that there were positive correlations between coagulation time (t(c)) and HCT, velocity, and tubing size, respectively. In addition, the coagulation rate (S(r)) was decreased with the increase of HCT, velocity, and tubing size. This study testified that HCT, flow velocity, and tubing size were substantial factors affecting the backscattering properties during flowing blood coagulation. Furthermore, OCT has the potential to represent the process of flowing blood coagulation with proper parameters.