RESUMO
Male and female Long-Evans hooded rats were subjected to either olfactory bulb damage or control surgery. Olfactory bulb removal resulted in increased mouse killing, increased irritability to handling, and increased open-field activity. In acquisition trials on a modified passive-avoidance apparatus, control animals habituated rapidly to the apparatus, while OB rats showed little evidence for habituation. All controls showed 24-hour retention of shock on the last acquisition trial, while OB rats showed the typical retention deficit, despite being given a behavioral alternative to withholding a response. The P-A deficit in OB rats appears to be a learning/memory deficit, not the result of heightened activity.
Assuntos
Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Memória/fisiologia , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/fisiologia , Agressão/fisiologia , Animais , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Eletrochoque , Feminino , Masculino , Atividade Motora/fisiologia , Orientação/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
Rats with either control operations or septal damage were pretrained on a VI 30-sec schedule and tested for response suppression ability on either an omission training (OT) task or on extinction. Septal damage enhanced barpressing on the VI 30-sec task. Animals with septal damage took longer to suppress responding on the OT task than controls while lesioned and control animals tested on extinction did not differ. Increased emotionality was seen in subjects with septal damage on the first test day but not thereafter. Animals tested with OT suppressed responding more rapidly than animals tested on extinction.
Assuntos
Condicionamento Operante/fisiologia , Extinção Psicológica/fisiologia , Septo Pelúcido/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , RatosRESUMO
A variety of behaviors was measured in adult Long-Evans male rats fed ground rat chow containing either no added aluminum, low aluminum (1500 mg/kg), moderate aluminum (2500 mg/kg), or high aluminum (3500 mg/kg). There were no effects of aluminum on either body weight or mouse killing. There was an inverse relationship between brain aluminum and open-field activity. Elevated brain aluminum was correlated with relatively poor performance on a single-trial passive-avoidance task and on a visual discrimination with reversal task.
Assuntos
Alumínio/farmacologia , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Alumínio/análise , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/efeitos dos fármacos , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Química Encefálica , Aprendizagem por Discriminação/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Reversão de Aprendizagem/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A variety of behaviors was assessed in Long-Evans male rats placed on either a low copper diet, a marginal copper diet, or an adequate copper diet at weaning. Rats in the low copper group had slightly, but significantly, enlarged hearts and gained less weight than rats fed diets containing higher copper levels. Treatment effects were not detected in measurements of muricide, open-field activity, water intake, shock sensitivity, and shock avoidance and memory.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Cobre/deficiência , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Peso Corporal , Cobre/fisiologia , Ingestão de Líquidos , Eletrochoque , Aprendizagem/fisiologia , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , RatosRESUMO
Emotional behavior and activity levels were studied following administration of ethanol and/or a carbamate pesticide, methomyl, to rats via a ground chow diet. Acetylcholinesterase levels were lowered following the experimental diets. The group having the greatest reduction in AChE, the methomyl group, showed less evidence for habituation in an open-field test. No differences relative to control subjects were noted on handling and muricide tests.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Etanol/farmacologia , Inseticidas/farmacologia , Metomil/farmacologia , Agressão/efeitos dos fármacos , Envelhecimento , Animais , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacos , Colinesterases/sangue , Emoções/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Atividade Motora/efeitos dos fármacos , RatosRESUMO
Two experiments were performed to investigate the origin of colony differences in muricidal behavior within the same strain of rat. In the first experiment (N = 52 male Long-Evans rats), the first generation offspring of parents from two different colonies were reared under identical conditions and tested for muricide. No differences were found, indicating that an environmental effect accounted for previously observed differences. The second experiment (N = 36 male Long-Evans rats) examined the effects of the presence or absence of mice in the rearing quarters. Again, no differences in muricidal rates were found. Overall, the offspring of killer mothers killed significantly more often than the offspring of nonkiller mothers.
Assuntos
Agressão , Comportamento Animal , Meio Social , Animais , Genética , Abrigo para Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Comportamento Materno , Ratos , Tempo de ReaçãoAssuntos
Bulbo Olfatório/fisiopatologia , Comportamento Predatório/fisiologia , Ratos/fisiologia , Afeto/fisiologia , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva/fisiologia , Encefalopatias/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Privação de Alimentos/fisiologia , Masculino , Memória/fisiologia , Camundongos , Cavidade Nasal/fisiologia , Septo Nasal/fisiologia , Septo Pelúcido/fisiologia , Septo Pelúcido/fisiopatologiaAssuntos
Agressão , Manobra Psicológica , Septo Pelúcido/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Emoções , Comportamento Exploratório , Genética Comportamental , Humanos , Imobilização , Masculino , Camundongos , Atividade Motora , Ratos , Reflexo de Sobressalto , Núcleos Septais/fisiologia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Agressão/fisiologia , Privação de Alimentos , Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Tempo de Reação , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/fisiologia , Reforço Psicológico , Animais , Condicionamento Operante/fisiologia , Emoções/fisiologia , Extinção Psicológica/fisiologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiopatologia , Lobo Frontal/cirurgia , Masculino , Ratos , Esquema de Reforço , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Animais Recém-Nascidos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Comportamento Animal , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Envelhecimento , Animais , Gatos , Lateralidade Funcional , Genética Comportamental , Haplorrinos , Aprendizagem , Modelos Biológicos , Ratos , Projetos de Pesquisa , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Comportamento Animal , Encéfalo/fisiologia , Comportamento Social , Agressão , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Animais , Núcleo Caudado/fisiologia , Estrutura de Grupo , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Sistema Límbico/fisiologia , Macaca , Comportamento Materno , Lobo Parietal/fisiologia , Primatas , Psicocirurgia , Comportamento Sexual Animal , Predomínio Social , Telencéfalo/fisiologia , Lobo Temporal/fisiologia , Vocalização AnimalAssuntos
Agressão/fisiologia , Hostilidade/fisiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/fisiologia , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , RatosRESUMO
The present study was designed to determine if an MMPI classification system developed for male alcoholics could be successfully extended to female alcoholics. Males and females were compared on the following measures: classifiability, Hs, D, and Mf scales, age and marital status. The results showed that although the examined classification system could be utilized with only limited success, the proportions classified for males and females were similar. A revised classification system resulted in greater classifiability of both males and females. Hs and D scales did not differ between the sexes, but Mf scales did. No differences were found in marital status between males and females. In general, the psychotic and psychopathic alcoholics were younger than the other alcoholic groups, with the neurotics and unclassified alcoholics being the oldest.
Assuntos
Alcoolismo/psicologia , MMPI , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Researchers have for many years attempted to establish a relationship between coronary heart disease (CHD) and personality type. In our study, 103 subjects completed Form G of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Comparisons were made between 93 CHD patients and an age-appropriate control group (Group C) on each of the four MBTI dimensions: Extraversion-Introversion, Sensing-Intuition, Thinking-Feeling, and Judging-Perceiving. The comparison between CHD patients and Group C showed that CHD patients were significantly more likely to prefer sensing and feeling.
Assuntos
Doença das Coronárias/psicologia , Personalidade Tipo A , Angina Pectoris/psicologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/psicologia , Feminino , Identidade de Gênero , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infarto do Miocárdio/psicologia , PsicometriaRESUMO
In two experiments, adult male Long-Evans rats were fed chow containing mirex (1.78 ppm and 17.8 ppm in Experiment 1, 17.8 ppm in Experiment 2) over a several week period and were tested on a variety of behavioral tasks. No differences in behavior were seen between control and experimental animals tested in an open-field apparatus, on VI 30-sec and DRL 20-sec operant paradigms, or on a discrimination-reversal task motivated by escape from footshock.