[Direct assessment of changes in biomechanical properties of the cornea after ReLEx SMILE and FemtoLASIK surgeries]. / Neposredstvennaya otsenka izmenenii biomekhanicheskikh svoistv rogovitsy posle provedeniya operatsii ReLEx SMILE i FemtoLASIK.

The aim of this study was to evaluate corneal biomechanical properties in myopic patients after ReLEx SMILE and FemtoLASIK surgeries using the Corvis ST analyzer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The SMILE group comprised 23 patients (46 eyes) with spherical refraction -3.8±1.8 diopters (D), the FemtoLASIK group included 18 patients (36 eyes) with spherical refraction -3.5±1.3 D. Analysis of the biomechanical properties of the cornea was carried out using the CORVIS ST device (Oculus, Germany) before and seven days after corneal refractive surgery. RESULTS: In the SMILE group, with intraoperative decrease in corneal thickness of 91.43±19.43 µm, a significant increase in the following parameters was observed: deformation coefficient (DA ratio; p=0.0001), peak distance (PD; p=0.02) and inverse concave radius (ICR; p=0.003); a decrease in the stiffness parameter at first applanation (SP-A1; p=0.0001), Corvis biomechanical index (CBI; p=0.0001), intraocular pressure (IOP; p=0.001). In the FemtoLASIK group, with intraoperative decrease in corneal thickness of 75.33±32.3 µm, we observed a significant increase in DA ratio (p=0.0002), PD (p=0.04), ICR (p=0.0002), a decrease in SP-A1 (p<0.0001), IOP values (p=0.0003). In comparison with the FemtoLASIK group, the deformation amplitude DA changed significantly less in the SMILE group (p=0.04). In the FemtoLASIK group, in comparison with the SMILE group, the DA ratio (p=0.0009) and SP-A1 (p=0.0003) significantly increased. Intraoperative corneal thickness change correlates with ICR both in SMILE (R=0.52) and in FemtoLASIK (R=0.65). CONCLUSION: Corneal biomechanical properties determined with CORVIS ST in eyes with mild to moderate myopia change to a lesser extent after ReLEx SMILE compared to FemtoLASIK.

[Postpartum family planning at the district hospital of the commune II of Bamako, Mali]. / Planification familiale du postpartum a l'hopital de district de la commune II de Bamako, Mali.

Postpartum family planning is the prevention of pregnancy during the 12 months following childbirth. OBJECTIVE: To study the use of contraceptive methods in the postpartum period in the obstetrics gynecology department of the district hospital of the commune II of Bamako. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study with prospective data collection from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020. All women who had given birth who had chosen and benefited from a contraceptive method were included. The statistical test used was Fisher's test with a significance level set at 5%. RESULTS: In 2 years, the contraceptive prevalence in the postpartum was 26.1%. More than 2/3 of counseling (61%) was done during prenatal consultations, 8% during the latency phase, 26% in the immediate postpartum and 5% during the postnatal visit. The most chosen methods were implants (47.1%), intrauterine device (29.6%), miro-progestin pills (12.5%), injectable progestogens (8%) and condoms (3.2%). CONCLUSION: Postpartum family planning contributes to increasing contraceptive prevalence.

La planification familiale du postpartum est la prévention des grossesses durant les 12 mois qui suivent l'accouchement. OBJECTIF: Etudier l'utilisation des méthodes contraceptives dans le postpartum dans le service de gynécologie obstétrique de l'hôpital de district de la commune II de Bamako. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené une étude transversale descriptive et analytique avec collecte prospective des données du 1er janvier 2019 au 31 décembre 2020. Ont été incluses, toutes les accouchées ayant choisi et bénéficié d'une méthode contraceptive. Le test statistique utilisé a été le test de Fisher avec un seuil de significativité fixé à 5%. RÉSULTATS: En 2 ans, la prévalence contraceptive dans le postpartum était de 26,1%. Plus des 2/3 des counselings (61%) ont été faits lors des consultations prénatales, 8% pendant la phase de latence, 26% dans le postpartum immédiat et 5% lors de la visite postnatale. Les méthodes les plus choisies ont été les implants (47,1%), le dispositif intra-utérin (29,6%), les pilules miro-progestatives (12,5%), les progestatifs injectables (8%) et les préservatifs (3,2%). CONCLUSION: La planification familiale du postpartum contribue à augmenter la prévalence contraceptive.

[Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Bamako media Men' on family planning]. / Connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des Hommes de medias de Bamako sur la planification familiale.

INTRODUCTION: Contraceptive prevalence is low in Mali. The information provided by the media men can help to increase or decrease the use of contraceptive methods. OBJECTIVE: To study the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Bamako media Men on family planning. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection from June 1 to August 30, 2019. It concerned journalists and presenters of 15 radio and 6 televisions in Bamako. RESULTS: During the 3 months, 615 media Men agreed to participate in this study. These are men and women from 36 to 45 years old in 37.2% of cases, married in 81.3% of cases. The radio with 85.5% was their main source of information on family planning. They all knew at least one contraceptive method. The best-known methods were pills (94.3%), injectables (57%) and implants (49.1%). They were in favor of the practice of family planning in 77.2% of cases, 76.9% had already used a method and 56.7% had already hosted a program on family planning. CONCLUSION: Media men are essential in the transmission of information. The quality of the information provided by these Media men can be influenced by their personal perceptions and attitudes. Their better involvement in the promotion of family planning can help to increase contraceptive prevalence.

INTRODUCTION: La prévalence contraceptive est faible au Mali. Les informations transmises par les Hommes de médias peuvent contribuer à augmenter ou à diminuer l'utilisation des méthodes contraceptives. OBJECTIF: Etudier les connaissances, attitudes et pratiques des Hommes de médias de Bamako sur la planification familiale. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale descriptive avec collecte prospective des données du 1er juin au 30 août 2019. Elle a concerné les journalistes et les animateurs de 15 radios et 6 télévisions de Bamako. RÉSULTATS: Durant les 3 mois, 615 Hommes de médias de Bamako ont accepté de participer à cette étude. Il s'agissait d'hommes et de femmes âgés de 36 à 45 ans dans 37,2% des cas, mariés dans 81,3% des cas. La radio avec 85,5% était leur principale source d'information sur la planification familiale. Ils connaissaient tous au moins une méthode contraceptive. Les méthodes les plus connues étaient les pilules (94,3%), les injectables (57%) et les implants (49,1%). Ils étaient favorables à la pratique de la planification familiale dans 77,2% des cas, 76,9% avaient déjà utilisé une méthode et 56,7% avaient déjà animé une émission sur la planification familiale. CONCLUSION: Les Hommes de médias sont essentiels dans la transmission de l'information. La qualité de l'information fournie par ces Hommes de médias peut être influencée par leurs perceptions et attitudes personnelles. Leur meilleure implication dans la promotion de la planification familiale peut contribuer à augmenter la prévalence contraceptive.

[Pregnancy And Delivery In The Large Multiparous In The Reference Health Center Of Commune II Of Bamako, Mali]. / Grossesse Et Accouchement Chez La Grande Multipare Au Centre De Sante De Reference De La Commune II De Bamako, Mali.

AIM: The aim was to compare the maternal-fetal prognosis of pregnancies in large multiparous with that of other parities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study from March 1st, 2014 to February 1st, 2015. It concerned all parturients admitted in our service during the study period. We have chosen 1 case for 2 witnesses. All the large multiparous were included as cases and as witnesses the primiparous, the pauciparous and the multiparous who gave birth just before and after the case. The statistical test was the Chi2 with a significance level at 5%. RESULTS: The frequency of pregnancy in the large multiparous was 4.93%. They were housewives in 84% of cases, unschooled in 74.7% of cases. The maternal-fetal outcome was dominated by uterine rupture in 0.6% of cases, immediate postpartum hemorrhage in 9.8% of cases, vicious presentations in 5.5% of cases and cord prolapse in 6.8% of cases. CONCLUSION: Large multiparity is common in our practice. It is a high-risk pregnancy because of its many maternal-fetal complications.

BUT: Le but était de comparer le pronostic materno-fœtal des grossesses chez les grandes multipares à celui des autres parités. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une étude cas-témoins du 1er mars 2014 au 1er février 2015. Elle a concerné toutes les parturientes admises dans le service pendant la période d'étude. Nous avons choisi 1 cas pour 2 témoins. Ont été incluses comme cas toutes les grandes multipares et comme témoins les primipares, les paucipares et les multipares ayant accouchées juste avant et juste après le cas. Le test statistique utilisé a été le Chi2 avec un seuil de significativité fixé à 5%. RÉSULTATS: La fréquence de la grossesse chez la grande multipare était de 4,93%. Il s'agissait de femmes au foyer dans 84% des cas, non scolarisées dans 74,7% des cas. Le pronostic materno-fœtal a été dominé par la rupture utérine dans 0,6% des cas, l'hémorragie de la délivrance dans 9,8% des cas, les présentations vicieuses dans 5,5% des cas et la procidence du cordon dans 6,8% des cas. CONCLUSION: La grande multiparité est fréquente dans notre pratique. C'est une grossesse à haut risque à cause de ses nombreuses complications materno-fœtales.

[Breast Cancer: Immunohistochemistry And Prognosis At Gabriel Touré Teaching Hospital In Bamako-Mali]. / Cancer Du Sein : Immunohistochimie Et Pronosticau Chu Gabriel Toure De Bamako-Mali.

Breast cancer is the second cancer of women in Mali. Immunohistochemistry is poorly performed in our African countries. OBJECTIVES: To describe the immunohistochemical aspect and determine the prognosis of breast cancer. METHODOLOGY: This is a retrospective descriptive study (March 2006-July 2016) in the General Surgery Department of Gabriel Toure University Hospital in Bamako, Mali. Immunohistochemistry was performed in all patients through a collaboration of our German partners. RESULTS: We collected 98 patients (95 women and 3 men) with an average age of 40.04 ± 13.07 years. Twenty-two patients (22.44%) had a personal history of benign breast disease. In 16 patients (16.33%), we found a family breast cancer. The most common histological types were intra ductal carcinoma with 84 (85.72%) and invasive lobular carcinoma in 9 cases (9.18%). Immunohistochemistry found a predominance of triple negative with forty nine patients (50%) followed by Luminal A subtype with 26 cases (26.23%). According to the TNM classification, 44 patients (44.90%) were received at stage III. The median survival was 60 months in the group of patients who received hormone therapy versus 28 months for the group without hormone therapy (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemistry is essential for the adequate management of breast cancer. Its realization has allowed us to improve the prognosis of hormone-dependent cancers.

Le sein est le deuxième siège du cancer chez la femme au Mali. Les examens immunohistochimiques sont peu réalisés dans nos pays africains. OBJECTIFS: Décrire l'aspect immunohistochimique et déterminer le pronostic du cancer du sein. MÉTHODOLOGIE: C'est une étude descriptive à collecte rétrospective (mars 2006-juillet 2016) dans le service de chirurgie générale du CHU Gabriel TOURE de Bamako au Mali. L'examen immunoihistochimique a été réalisé chez tous les malades grâce à la collaboration de nos partenaires allemands. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons colligé 98 malades (95 femmes et 3 hommes) avec un âge moyen de 40,04 ± 13,07 ans. Vingt-deux malades (22,44 %) avaient un antécédent personnel de pathologie bénigne du sein. Chez 16 malades (16,33 %), il y avait une notion familiale de cancer du sein. La prise d'œtroprogestatifs a été évoquée chez 28 femmes (28,57%). Les types histologiques les plus fréquents étaient le carcinome canalaire infiltrant avec 84 (85,72%) et le carcinome lobulaire infiltrant dans 9 cas (9,18%). L'immunohistochimie a permis de trouver une prédominance du triple négatif avec quarante neuf malades (50%) suivi du sous type Luminal A avec 26 cas (26,23%).Selon la classification TNM, 44 patients (44,90 %) ont été reçus au stade III. La médiane de survie a été de 60 mois dans le groupe des patients ayant bénéficié d'une hormonothérapie versus 28 mois pour le groupe sans hormonothérapie (p=0.007). CONCLUSION: l'immunohistochimie est essentielle pour la prise en charge adéquate des cancers du sein. Sa réalisation nous a permis d'améliorer le pronostic des cancers hormono dépendant.

[Effect of immobilization of analgin in polyvinyl alcohol on its mutagenicity in mice]. / Effekt immobilizatsii anal'gina v polivinilovom spirte na mutagennost' umyshei.

Mutagenicity of analgin in the tests for sperm head anomalies (SHA) and chromosome aberrations (CA) in bone marrow cells was studied in male mice Mus musculus. Analgin (40 micrograms) was injected intraperitoneally in 0.2 ml of aqueous solution or 0.01-5% solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Analgin was found to increase both SHA and CA frequencies. The drug immobilized in PVA also increased SHA and CA frequencies, though in less degree than non-immobilized one.

[Modification of the mutagenicity of drugs by their immobilization. Effect of immobilization of analgin in starch in mice]. / Modifikatsiia mutagennosti lekarstvennykh preparatov putem ikh immobilizatsii. Effekt immobilizatsii anal'gina v krakhmale u myshei.

The mutagenic effect of analgin was studied in germ and somatic cells of male mice Mus musculus. It was found that injection of analgin (20 and 40 mg per mouse) significantly increased the frequency of sperm head anomalies and chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. Immobilization of analgin in starch led to decrease in the drug immobilization.

[The influence of melatonin on mutagenicity and antitumor action of cytostatic drugs in mice]. / Vliianie melatonina na mutagennost' i protivoopukholevyi éffekt tsitostatikov u myshei.

SHR mice received single injections of N-nitrosomethylurea (NMU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.), cyclophosphamide (CP, 200 mg/kg, i.p.) or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 15 mg/kg, s.c.) alone or in combination with melatonin (5 mg/kg, s.c.). For mutagenic study chromosome aberrations tests (ChA) in bone marrow cells and sperm head anomaly test (SHA) were used. Melatonin did not appear mutagenic in either of the tests and significantly reduced the level of ChA (%) from 16.9 +/- 1.6 (NMU), 13.7 +/- 3.5 (CP) and 8.7 +/- 0.3 (DMH) to 4.5 +/- 0.6, 4.3 +/- 0.9 and 5.6 +/- 0.2, respectively, (p < 0.05). Similarly, SHA frequency (%) under the melatonin influence was reduced from 18.6 +/- 0.4 (NMU), 17.7 +/- 0.4 (CP) and 10.0 +/- 0.5 (DVH) to 9.9 +/- 0.5, 6.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.5 +/- 0.2, respectively, (p < 0.05). Unlike in controls, exposure to melatonin in drinking water (20 mg/l, at night) or in injections (5 mg/kg, s.c.) alone or in combination with NMU or CP failed to influence subcutaneously-transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma growth. These findings suggest that melatonin reduced the mutagenicity of the cytostatic drugs without affecting their anti-tumor action.

Effect of epithalon on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in senescence-accelerated mice.

The incidence of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of 12-month-old SAMP-1 female mice characterized by accelerated aging was 1.8 times higher than in wild-type SAMR-1 females and 2.2 times higher than in SHR females of the same age. Treatment with Epithalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) starting from the age of 2 months decreased the incidence of chromosome aberrations in SAMP-1, SAMR-1, and SHR mice by 20%, 30.1%, and 17.9%, respectively, compared to age-matched controls (p<0.05). Treatment with melatonin (given with drinking water in a dose of 20 mg/liter in night hours) had no effect on the incidence of chromosome aberrations in SHR mice. These data indicate antimutagenic effect of Epithalon, which probably underlies the geroprotective effect of this peptide.

Dynamics of chromosomal aberrations in male mice of various strains during aging.

We studied the incidence of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells and primary spermatocytes in various mouse strains. Experiments were performed on SAMP mice (accelerated aging), control SAMR mice, and long-living CBA and SHR mice. Experiments revealed a positive correlation between the age and the incidence of mutations in their somatic cells and gametes.