RESUMO
Background: In recent years, cesarean section (CS) rates have increased alarmingly. The World Health Organization (WHO) proposes to use the Robson classification system as a global standard, which contributes to a better analysis of CS indications, making it possible to establish strategies to reduce them. Objective: To analyze the classification of CS by Robson groups from July to September 2020 at the Hospital General de Zona No. 4 (District General Hospital [DGH] No. 4), in Celaya, Guanajuato. Material and methods: Retrospective study which included 160 records of women undergoing CS. Robson's group classification was used, and descriptive statistics and cluster analysis were performed to better understand the classification groups. Results: The average age was 27.6 ± 5.6 years. 53.1% had secondary school; 46.9% was a housewife; 46.3% was laborer; 42.8% were cohabitating; 50% had 1 or more births; 42.5% previous CS; 96.9% 1 fetus; 91.9% cephalic presentation; 78.8% 37 weeks of gestational age or more. Robson's group 5 (previous CS) had the highest percentage (42.5%), followed by group 2 (primiparous) with 20.6%, and group 10 (premature) 13.1%. Cluster analysis formed 3 groups, where cluster 1 and 3 contained group 5 of Robson's classification. Conclusions: DGH No. 4 must carry out the necessary strategies so that women with a previous cesarean section can have a vaginal delivery, without compromising the well-being of the mother-child pair, in addition to interventions to avoid primary CS, because women in group 1 and 2 will potentially belong to group 5, in the next obstetric event.
Introducción: recientemente las tasas de cesárea han aumentado de manera alarmante. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) propone utilizar el sistema de clasificación Robson como estándar global, lo cual contribuye a un mejor análisis de las indicaciones de cesárea y posibilita el establecimiento de estrategias para reducirlas. Objetivo: analizar la clasificación de cesáreas por grupos de Robson de julio a septiembre de 2020 en el Hospital General de Zona (HGZ) No. 4, en Celaya, Guanajuato. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo que incluyó 160 expedientes de mujeres sometidas a cesárea. Se utilizó la clasificación por grupo de Robson y se usó estadística descriptiva y análisis de clúster para entender mejor los grupos de clasificación. Resultados: la edad promedio fue 27.6 ± 5.6 años; 53.1% tenía secundaria; 46.9% era ama de casa; 46.3% obrera; 42.8% vivía en unión libre; 50% tuvo 1 o más partos; 42.5% cesárea previa; 96.9% un feto; 91.9% presentación cefálica, y 78.8% 37 semanas de gestación o más. El grupo 5 de Robson (cesárea previa) tuvo el mayor porcentaje (42.5%); el grupo 2 (primigestas) tuvo 20.6%, y el grupo 10 (prematuros) 13.1%. El análisis de clúster creó 3 agrupaciones, donde el clúster 1 y 3 contuvieron el grupo 5 de la clasificación de Robson. Conclusiones: el HGZ No. 4 debe establecer estrategias necesarias para que las mujeres con cesárea previa puedan tener un parto vaginal sin comprometer el bienestar del binomio madre-hijo, además de intervenciones para evitar la cesárea primaria, dado que las mujeres del grupo 1 y 2 potencialmente formarán parte del grupo 5 en el próximo evento obstétrico.
Assuntos
Cesárea , Nascimento Prematuro , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idade Gestacional , Hospitais GeraisRESUMO
Ifosfamide blood concentrations are necessary to monitor its therapeutic response, avoiding any adverse effect. We developed and validated an analytical method by UPLC-MS/MS to quantify ifosfamide in dried blood spots (DBS). Blood samples were collected on Whatman 903® filter paper cards. Five 3 mm disks were punched out from each dried blood spot. Acetonitrile and ethyl acetate were used for drug extraction. Chromatographic separation was carried out in an Acquity UPLC equipment with a BEH-C18 column, 2.1 x 100 mm, 1.7 µm (Waters®). The mobile phase consisted in 5 mM ammonium formate and methanol:acetonitrile (40:48:12 v/v/v) at 0.2 mL/min. LC-MS/MS detection was done by ESI+ and multiple reaction mode monitoring, ionic transitions were m/z1+ 260.99 > 91.63 for ifosfamide and 261.00 > 139.90 for cyclophosphamide (internal standard). This method was linear within a 100-10000 ng/mL range and it was accurate, precise and selective. Ifosfamide samples in DBS were stable for up to 52 days at -80°C. The procedure was tested in 14 patients, ages 1 month to 17 years (9 males and 5 females), with embryonic tumours treated with ifosfamide, alone or combined, at a public tertiary referral hospital. Ifosfamide blood levels ranged from 11.1 to 39.7 µmol/L at 12 hours after the last infusion, while 24-hour levels ranged from 0.7-19.7 µmol/L. The median at 12 hours was 19.5 µmol/L (Q25 14.4-Q75 29.0) and 3.8 µmol/L (Q25 1.5-Q75 9.9) at 24 hours, p<0.001. This method is feasible to determine ifosfamide plasma levels in paediatric patients.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Ifosfamida/sangue , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas/sangue , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Ciclofosfamida , Demografia , Feminino , Hematócrito , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Resumen
Introducción: la obesidad y el sobrepeso son factores de riesgo para desencadenar enfermedades crónicas. Los adolescentes obesos son más susceptibles que los no obesos a presentar síntomas de ansiedad, disminución del rendimiento escolar, aislamiento social, baja autoestima y depresión.
Objetivo: comparar la percepción de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en adolescentes obesos, en no obesos y en los padres de ambos.
Metodología: estudio descriptivo y transversal, en una muestra de 98 adolescentes (de 13 a 18 años), 57 de ellos con obesidad y 41 sin obesidad, además de sus respectivos padres. Se midió peso, talla e índice de masa corporal (IMC) y se utilizó el cuestionario The Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL" 4.0). Se hizo el análisis estadístico con U de Mann-Whitney y r de Pearson para IMC y CVRS.
Resultados: en la dimensión física y psicosocial los adolescentes no obesos y sus padres tuvieron una mejor percepción que los adolescentes obesos y sus padres. En el grupo de adolescentes obesos existió correlación significativa entre el IMC y la función escolar (r = 0.310 y p = 0.049).
Conclusión: en términos de percepción global de la CVRS, hubo diferencias en la percepción entre los grupos. La mejor percepción se presentó en el grupo de adolescentes no obesos y sus padres.
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and overweight are risk factors that may lead to the development of chronic diseases; obese adolescents are more susceptible than non-obese to present symptoms of anxiety, decreased school performance, social isolation, low self-esteem and depression.
Objective: To compare the perception of quality of life related to health (HRQOL) in obese and non-obese adolescents and their parents.
Methods: Descriptive and cross-sectional study, in a sample of 98 adolescents (13-18 years of age), 57 of them with obesity and 41 without obesity, as well as their parents. Weight, height and body mass index (BMI) were measured and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory questionnaire (PedsQL" 4.0) was used. The analysis was made with Mann-Whitney U and Pearson's r tests for BMI and HRQoL.
Results: in the physical and psychosocial dimension non-obese adolescents and their parents had better perception than obese adolescents and their parents. In the group of obese adolescents there was a significant correlation between the BMI and the school function (r = 0.310 and p = 0.049).
Conclusion: In terms of global perception of HRQoL, there were differences in perception between the groups. The group of non-obese adolescents and their parents had the best perception.