First report of Stemphylium leaf spot caused by Stemphylium vesicarium on alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in Peru.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most cultivated fodder crop in Peru with 172,000 ha cultivated (MINAM 2019), and Arequipa is the top producing region with 40% of the national production in 2015 (Santamaría et al. 2016). In January-April 2019 (av. 20°C and 70% RH), most alfalfa fields in Majes-Pedregal, Arequipa were affected by an unidentified foliar disease. One of the fields was located at the farm of the Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa (16°19'29.6" S, 72°12'59.9" W). Symptoms appeared as elliptical light brown spots witdark brown borders (Fig. S1a and b). The field (~60 × 60 m) was divided into ~30 × 12 m sections and two plants in each section were collected (20 plants total). Plants were digitized and the leaflet diseased area was calculated with ImageJ 1.53a, from which an incidence of 100% and a severity of 38.7 ± 4.4 % were estimated. Microscopical observations at the leaflet spots revealed consistently the presence of oblong multiseptated conidia (23.6-42.8 × 16.5-25.2 µm; av. 33.3 × 20.9 µm; n = 40) of the genus Stemphylium (Simmons 1969; Woudenberg et al. 2017) (Fig. S1c). We obtained 10 pure cultures by placing conidia from the spots directly onto potato dextrose agar medium with the aid of stereoscope and sterile forceps. Two isolates (UNSA-StemV01 and UNSA-StemV02) were incubated further until ascospore production at room temperature with no special light stimulus. After 45 days of growth, globose pseudothecia and ellipsoidal ascospores (25.4-38.7 × 11.2-16.6 µm; av. 31.9 × 13.7 µm; n = 30) formation occurred (Fig. S1d and e). We extracted the DNA from these two isolates using Wizard® Purification Kit (Promega Corp., Madison, WI) and sequenced the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 intervening 5.8S rDNA subunit (GenBank accessions: MT371236-37), and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (MT375513-14) and the calmodulin (MT375515-16) genes, highly resolutive markers to identify Stemphylium species, following Woudenberg et al. (2017). We retrieved sequence data available from 43 isolates of nine Stemphylium species (Han et al. 2019; Woudenberg et al. 2017), and built a mid-point rooted phylogeny with the three-loci concatenated data set (Fig. S2). We identified our isolates as S. vesicarium (Fig. S2). Koch's postulates were fulfilled by spray-inoculation with conidia from isolate UNSA-StemV01 suspended in sterile water (1×104 / mL) to two healthy 50-day old alfalfa plants growing on pots in the university greenhouse (av. 25°C and 70% RH). Two plants sprayed with sterile water without conidia served as control. Symptoms appeared after 21 days of inoculation, and when conidia were re-isolated, they were the same as originally obtained. No symptoms developed in the control plants. This confirmed that S. vesicarium is the causal agent of the alfalfa disease in Majes-Pedregal, identified as Stemphylium leaf spot. revious studies documented S. vesicarium on asparagus and onion in Peru (Castillo Valiente 2018; Vásquez Salas 2018; Vásquez Sangay 2013), but molecular characterization has only been applied to S. lycopersici from potatoes (Woudenberg et al. 2017). Stemphylium vesicarium has been documented in various crops, including alfalfa, and countries in Europe, North America, Africa, Asia and in Australia and New Zealand (Han et al. 2019; Woudenberg et al. 2017). This occurrence is the first report of S. vesicarium on alfalfa in Peru. The disease compromises the quality of this fodder crop, so actions need to be taken in Arequipa.

Sequential Plasmodium chabaudi and Plasmodium berghei infections provide a novel model of severe malarial anemia.

Lack of an adequate animal model of Plasmodium falciparum severe malarial anemia (SMA) has hampered the understanding of this highly lethal condition. We developed a model of SMA by infecting C57BL/6 mice with P. chabaudi followed after recovery by P. berghei infection. P. chabaudi/P. berghei-infected mice had an initial 9- to 10-day phase of relatively low parasitemia and severe anemia, followed by a second phase of hyperparasitemia, more profound anemia, reticulocytosis, and death 14 to 21 days after infection. P. chabaudi/P. berghei-infected animals had more intense splenic hematopoiesis, higher interleukin-10 (IL-10)/tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-12/gamma interferon (IFN-γ) ratios, and higher antibody levels against P. berghei and P. chabaudi antigens than P. berghei-infected or P. chabaudi-recovered animals. Early treatment with chloroquine or artesunate did not prevent the anemia, suggesting that the bulk of red cell destruction was not due to the parasite. Red cells from P. chabaudi/P. berghei-infected animals had increased surface IgG and C3 by flow cytometry. However, C3(-/-) mice still developed anemia. Tracking of red cells labeled ex vivo and in vivo and analysis of frozen tissue sections by immunofluorescence microscopy showed that red cells from P. chabaudi/P. berghei-infected animals were removed at an accelerated rate in the liver by erythrophagocytosis. This model is practical and reproducible, and its similarities with P. falciparum SMA in humans makes it an appealing system with which to study the pathogenesis of this condition and explore potential immunomodulatory interventions.

Tratamiento intraparto para la gastrosquisis / Intrapartum treatment for gastroschisis

El tratamiento intraparto de la gastrosquisis es una técnica quirúrgica llevada a cabo durante el nacimiento, bajo el principio de la preservación de la circulación fetoplacentaria, que permite reducir las vísceras herniadas antes de la primera respiración, evita la deglución del aire durante el llanto y minimiza la demora entre el nacimiento y la resolución quirúrgica de esta compleja afección. Se presenta la utilización de esta técnica, por primera vez, en el Centro Territorial de Cirugía Neonatal de Holguín, en un neonato femenino, procedente de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, nacido por cesárea a las 36 semanas de gestación, e intervenido por un equipo multidisciplinario en la maternidad provincial de Holguín. La corrección del defecto se realizó en los primeros 15 minutos después del nacimiento, antes de cortar el cordón umbilical. La necesidad de apoyo ventilatorio fue menor de 24 horas, y se inició la vía oral en los primeros 3 días después del procedimiento. Al quinto día se observó el cierre total del defecto sin necesidad de suturas. Con la práctica del procedimiento Simil EXIT (similar al extra utero intrapartum treatment de sus siglas en inglés) para gastrosquisis, se logró la corrección inmediata de un defecto complejo de la pared abdominal, que es de alta morbilidad y mortalidad, y permitió la incorporación temprana de la paciente a una vida normal, sin huella quirúrgica y sin complicaciones.

Intrapartum treatment of gastroschisis is a surgical technique applied during birth under the principle of preservation of fetal-placental circulation. It allows reducing herniated viscera before first breathing, prevents air swallowing during crying and minimizes delay between birth and surgical resolution of this complex condition. This report presented the use of this technique for the first time in the territorial center of neonatal surgery in Holguin province. The patient was a female neonate from Santiago de Cuba province, she was born from cesarean section at 36 weeks of gestation and was operated on by a multidisciplinary team in the provincial maternal hospital of the province. The defect was corrected during the first 15 minutes after birth and before cutting the umbilical cord. The ventilation support was necessary for less than 24 hours, and three days after the procedure, the oral route started functioning. On the fifth day, there was observed the total closure of the defect without any suture. With the application of the Simil EXIT procedure (similar to extrauterine intrapartum treatment) for gastroschisis, it was possible to correct immediately the complex defect of the abdominal wall, which is of high mortality and morbidity, and to early incorporate the patient to her normal life with no trace of surgery and no complication.

Fibromatosis agresiva en edad pediátrica / Aggressive Fibromatosis in Pediatric Age

Introducción: la fibromatosis agresiva es rara, benigna, con alto grado de agresividad y recidivante. Objetivo: caracterizar la fibromatosis en pacientes atendidos en el Hospital Pediátrico Provincial de Holguín. Método: se realizó un estudio, transversal y retrospectivo de los pacientes, en edad pediátrica, con diagnósticos de fibromatosis profunda que incluyó los años 2002-2012. Resultados: la prevalencia de la fibromatosis fue de 2,1 por cada 100 000 habitantes. Predominó el sexo femenino. La localización glútea fue más frecuente seguida del cuello y la pared abdominal. La etiología fue desconocida en el 75 %. La biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina no fue útil para el diagnóstico. El tratamiento inicial fue quirúrgico e incompleto. La regresión espontánea ocurrió en el 50 % de la recidiva. La quimioterapia y la radioterapia se emplearon sin resultados satisfactorios. Conclusiones: debe considerarse el tratamiento inicial expectante, pues la regresión espontánea se ve en muchos casos y la cirugía no previene la recidiva independientemente del grado de resección tumoral.

Introduction: aggressive fibromatosis is an uncommon, benign and recurrent disease. Objective: to characterize fibromatosis in patients attended al Provincial Pediatric Hospital of Holguín. Method: a retrospective cross-sectional study on aggressive fibromatosis in children younger than 19 years old was done during 2002 to 2012. Results: fibromatosis prevalence was 2.1 per 100 000 inhabitants. Females prevailed over males. The tumor was mainly localized in the gluteal region followed by the neck and the abdominal wall. The etiology was unknown in 75 % of cases. Fine needle aspiration biopsy was not useful for diagnosis. The initial treatment was 100 % surgical but incomplete; nevertheless, spontaneous regression of recurrence was seen in 50 % of cases. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy were applied to recurrence without successful results. Conclusions: the procedure, as the first line of treatment, should be considered because of tumor spontaneous regression. Surgical resection degree of the tumor does not prevent recurrence.

Aplicação de àcido peracético na desinfecção de carcaça de frango / Desinfecting treatment of chicken carcasses by using peracetic acid

This research ains to turn better the desinfecting treatment of chicken carcasses by using peracetic acid as a more eficient biocid that. Does not show chemical properties that. Could bring irregularities during is use provided your use in a right way. Peracetic acid shows efective ness for erradicating microorganisms redusing up to 99,5 por cento of the total plate contining (all chickens, are potential carrieps of these bacteria), as well as does not interfere in the organoleptical characteristics of carcasse.

Teste da qualidade microbiológica do mel produzido nos arredores do lixäo do município de Chapecó - SC / The goal of microbiological quality test of honey produced at the \"garbage place\" surroudings in Chapecó - SC

A fonte principal do mel é o néctar das flores, sua composiçäo muito variável, compreende: açúcares como glicose, levulose, sacarose, maltose; água; cinza; algumas vitaminas; sais minerais; e outros. Até o presente momento, acreditava-e ser o mel um produto isento de contaminaçäo devido à ua açäo bacteriostática. O teste da qualidade microbiológica do mel produzido nos arredores do "lixäo" do município de Chapecó - C, teve por objetivo, averiguar a possibilidade do desenvolvimento microbiano no mel, bem como a identificaçäo e quantificaçäo desses microorganismos. Através de coletas e análisess laboratoriais, foi possível constatar o crescimento microbiano de organismos identificados como patogênicos, a citar: Mucor sp. Aspergillus e Penicillium sp. Dentro da legislaçäo, encontra-se, em relaçäo ao mel, parâmetros apenas para Salmonella a qual näo foi constatada nos exames. O mel analisado foi considerado impróprio para consumo, näo pelos microorganismos encontrados, mas pela sua elevada umidade e acidez.

Avaliação dos teores de glicose em alimentos líquidos comumente consumidos por diabéticos / Evaluation of glucose quantity in liquids drinking for diabetic peoples

A Diabete mellitus é uma doença caracterizada pela alta glicose sanguínea. A prevalência no Brasil vem aumentando e determinando com isto, que, os pacientes devam sofrer um controle alimentar mais rigoroso. Assim objetivou-se analisar a glicose em líquidos consumidos por diabéticos. Definiu-se os líquidos através de uma entrevista com pacientes, e após foram feitas as análises dos mesmos. Os resultados obtidos, revelaram elevados índices de glicose nos sucos naturais, nos refrigerantes diet e cafés encontrou-se glicose em quantidades reduzidas. Tais resultados alertam o necessário cuidado que os pacientes, portadores da doença, devem ter na alimentação.

Qualidade microbiológica do farelo de soja utilizado em nutriçäo animal / Microbiological quality of soybean bran used in animal nutrition

O farelo de soja é um dos principais componentes utilizado na fabricaçäo de raçöes. O controle de microbiológico é necessário para garantir a qualidade do produto final. Utilizando uma metodologia apropriada, realizou-se análises microbiológicas do nível de contaminaçäo e avaliaçäo do grau de patogenicidade dos organismos encontrados. Os resultados demonstraram a presença de patógenos e um elevado percentual de contaminaçäo por organismos deterioradores e oportunistas.