RESUMO
The real-time quantification of target engagement (TE) by small-molecule ligands in living cells remains technically challenging. Systematic quantification of such interactions in a high-throughput setting holds promise for identification of target-specific, potent small molecules within a pathophysiological and biologically relevant cellular context. The salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) belong to a subfamily of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family and are composed of three isoforms in humans (SIK1, SIK2, and SIK3). They modulate the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in immune cells. Although pan-SIK inhibitors are sufficient to reverse SIK-dependent inflammatory responses, the apparent toxicity associated with SIK3 inhibition suggests that isoform-specific inhibition is required to realize therapeutic benefit with acceptable safety margins. Here, we used the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay, a sensitive energy transfer technique, to directly measure molecular proximity and quantify TE in HEK293T cells overexpressing SIK2 or SIK3. Our 384-well high-throughput screening of 530 compounds demonstrates that the NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assay was sensitive and robust enough to reveal differential engagement of candidate compounds with the two SIK isoforms and further highlights the feasibility of high-throughput implementation of NanoBRET TE intracellular kinase assays for target-driven small-molecule screening.
Assuntos
Fosfotransferases/isolamento & purificação , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Quinases Proteína-Quinases Ativadas por AMP , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HEK293 , Ensaios de Triagem em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Fosfotransferases/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidoresRESUMO
Inhibition of c-Kit has the potential to treat mast cell associated fibrotic diseases. We report the discovery of several aminoquinazoline pyridones that are potent inhibitors of c-Kit with greater than 200-fold selectivity against KDR, p38, Lck, and Src. In vivo efficacy of pyridone 16 by dose-dependent inhibition of histamine release was demonstrated in a rodent pharmacodynamic model of mast cell activation.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/metabolismo , Piridonas/síntese química , Quinazolinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Cristalografia por Raios X , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Piridonas/farmacocinética , Piridonas/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/farmacocinética , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Lck, or lymphocyte specific kinase, is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T-cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence from knockout mice and human mutations demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for T-cell receptor-mediated signaling, leading to normal T-cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the structure-guided design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-amino-6-phenylpyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-ones, a new class of compounds that are potent inhibitors of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 6-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-((4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl)amino)pyrimido[5',4':5,6]pyrimido-[1,2- a]benzimidazol-5(6 H)-one ( 25), exhibits potent inhibition of Lck kinase activity. This activity translates into inhibition of in vitro cell-based assays and in vivo models of T-cell activation and arthritis, respectively.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Artrite/tratamento farmacológico , Benzimidazóis/síntese química , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Pirimidinonas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/química , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Desenho de Fármacos , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Injeções Intradérmicas , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos Lew , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck), a member of the Src family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases, is expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence, including knockout mice and human mutations, demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for normal T cell development, activation, and signaling. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disease. With the aid of X-ray structure-based analysis, aminopyrimidine amides 2 and 3 were designed from aminoquinazolines 1, which had previously been demonstrated to exhibit potent inhibition of Lck and T cell proliferation. In this report, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel aminopyrimidine amides 3 possessing improved cellular potency and selectivity profiles relative to their aminoquinazoline predecessors 1. Orally bioavailable compound 13b inhibited the anti-CD3-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mice in a dose-dependent manner (ED 50 = 9.4 mg/kg).
Assuntos
Amidas/farmacologia , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Oral , Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/química , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Interleucina-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Células Matadoras Naturais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Matadoras Naturais/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Knockout , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Pirimidinas/química , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/metabolismoRESUMO
Deregulation of the receptor tyrosine kinase c-Kit is associated with an increasing number of human diseases, including certain cancers and mast cell diseases. Interference of c-Kit signaling with multi-kinase inhibitors has been shown clinically to successfully treat gastrointestinal stromal tumors and mastocytosis. Targeted therapy of c-Kit activity may provide therapeutic advantages against off-target effects for non-oncology applications. A new structural class of c-Kit inhibitors is described, including in vitro c-Kit potency, kinase selectivity, and the observed binding mode.
Assuntos
Amidas/síntese química , Amidas/farmacologia , Isoxazóis/síntese química , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/metabolismo , Amidas/química , Técnicas de Química Combinatória , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Isoxazóis/química , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Receptores Proteína Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Proteínas Quinases p38 Ativadas por Mitógeno/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
A potent and selective c-Kit inhibitor 20 was identified through a structure-activity relationship study. In an in vivo mouse model of mast cell activation, 20 blocked the SCF-induced histamine release with an EC(50) of 26 nM.
Assuntos
Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-kit/química , Animais , Desenho de Fármacos , Liberação de Histamina/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Cinética , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Mastócitos/metabolismo , Camundongos , Ratos , Fator de Células-Tronco/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
11beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) catalyzes the interconversion of inert glucocorticoid (cortisone) to the active glucocorticoid (cortisol) and is enriched in liver and fat tissues. Increasing evidence suggests that selective inhibition of 11beta-HSD1 may reduce the excess glucocorticoid levels that underlie the etiology of many common disorders that constitute the metabolic syndrome. Measurement of 11beta-HSD1 activity has historically involved the detection of cortisol by methods unfavorable for large-scale screening, such as high performance liquid chromatography or thin layer chromatography. Here we describe the development and validation of novel homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer (TR-FRET) and electrochemiluminescence assays for the measurement of cortisol. These non-radioactive assays were easy to perform and produced robust results with reference compound values comparable to those obtained by conventional methods. The TR-FRET assay was easily automated and was successfully employed for the high-throughput screening of a large compound library for inhibitors of purified human recombinant 11beta-HSD1.
Assuntos
11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/análise , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/química , Eletroquímica/métodos , Transferência Ressonante de Energia de Fluorescência/métodos , Hidrocortisona/análise , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Microquímica/métodos , Humanos , Técnica de Diluição de Radioisótopos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence in both mice and humans demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for signaling mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which leads to normal T cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-aminopyrimidine carbamates, a new class of compounds with potent and selective inhibition of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-((3,5-bis(methyloxy)-4-((3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl(2,4-bis(methyloxy)phenyl)carbamate (43) exhibits good activity when evaluated in in vitro assays and in an in vivo model of T cell activation.
Assuntos
Aminopiridinas/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Carbamatos/síntese química , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Aminopiridinas/química , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbamatos/química , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Células Jurkat , Ativação Linfocitária , Teste de Cultura Mista de Linfócitos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Genetic evidence in both mice and humans demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for signaling mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which leads to normal T cell development and activation. Selective inhibition of Lck is expected to offer a new therapy for the treatment of T-cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disease. Screening of our kinase-preferred collection identified aminoquinazoline 1 as a potent, nonselective inhibitor of Lck and T cell proliferation. In this report, we describe the synthesis and structure-activity relationships of a series of novel aminoquinazolines possessing in vitro mechanism-based potency. Optimized, orally bioavailable compounds 32 and 47 exhibit anti-inflammatory activity (ED(50) of 22 and 11 mg/kg, respectively) in the anti-CD3-induced production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in mice.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Benzamidas/síntese química , Proteína Tirosina Quinase p56(lck) Linfócito-Específica/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinazolinas/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Benzamidas/química , Benzamidas/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Interleucina-2/biossíntese , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Modelos Moleculares , Quinazolinas/química , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Linfócitos T/citologia , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/biossínteseRESUMO
The complexity of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway presents challenges to understanding the efficacy of p38 inhibitors. Biochemical recombinant kinase assays and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) secretion assays are typically used to evaluate p38alpha inhibitors, but they do not provide insight into proximal intracellular events. Stimulation of the pathway evokes a cascade of phosphorylation events, accompanied by movement of molecules to different cellular compartments. Herein, we describe the profiling and potency comparison of a large set of p38alpha inhibitors with a pyrimidinone, imidazopyrimidine, or triazolopyrimidine core against biochemical recombinant p38alpha kinase activity, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated TNFalpha secretion by THP-1 cells, and a set of cellular imaging assays in SW1353 chondrocytes and baby hamster kidney cells. These pathway assays included p38 phosphorylation, MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 translocation, and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 phosphorylation. We established that HSP27 phosphorylation correlates well with LPS-induced TNFalpha secretion, validating our cellular imaging assays. We also found that the choice of cells and inducer can profoundly affect cellular potency results. High-content analysis may reveal signaling details, enriching our understanding of the mechanism of action of p38alpha inhibitors.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Processamento de Imagem Assistida por Computador/métodos , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anisomicina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/química , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP27 , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/química , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/genética , Chaperonas Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Proteínas Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases , Pirimidinonas/química , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: This planned exploratory analysis assessed the predictive nature of baseline circulating factors of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis on the treatment effect of ganitumab (monoclonal antibody inhibitor of IGF-1 receptor) plus gemcitabine in a randomized phase II study in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Baseline levels of IGFs/IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) were analyzed in serum or plasma. Mutations and gene expression were analyzed in archival samples. Treatment effects between biomarker subgroups were compared for overall survival (OS). Associations of tumor markers with OS were evaluated. RESULTS: For patients with evaluable samples, ganitumab was associated with improved OS versus placebo (HR, 0.49; 95% CI: 0.28-0.87). The treatment effect on improved OS was strong in the patient subset with higher levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, or IGFBP-3, or lower levels of IGFBP-2, but not so on the other corresponding subset. Median OS of ganitumab versus placebo in patients with higher levels of IGF-1, IGF-2, and IGFBP-3 was 16 versus 6.8 months (HR, 0.25; 95% CI: 0.09-0.67), 16 versus 5.9 months (HR, 0.24; 95% CI: 0.09-0.68), and 16 versus 6.8 months (HR, 0.28; 95% CI: 0.11-0.73), and in patients with lower IGFBP-2 levels was 12.7 versus 6.6 months (HR, 0.19; 95% CI: 0.07-0.55). Interaction between treatment and IGFs/IGFBPs in multivariate analyses suggested predictive potential for IGF-2 (P = 0.002) and IGFBP-2 (P = 0.02). KRAS mutation status and PTEN expression were not associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline circulating factors of the IGF axis may predict OS benefit from ganitumab plus gemcitabine in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Anticorpos Monoclonais/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/imunologia , Adenocarcinoma/sangue , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Proteína 2 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Proteína 3 de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante à Insulina/sangue , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/metabolismo , Metástase Neoplásica/tratamento farmacológico , Metástase Neoplásica/genética , Metástase Neoplásica/patologia , PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras) , Receptor IGF Tipo 1/genética , Análise de Sobrevida , Proteínas ras/genética , GencitabinaRESUMO
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a central signaling molecule in many proinflammatory pathways, regulating the cellular response to a multitude of external stimuli including heat, ultraviolet radiation, osmotic shock, and a variety of cytokines especially interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Thus, inhibitors of this enzyme are postulated to have significant therapeutic potential for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, osteoporosis, and many other diseases where aberrant cytokine signaling is the driver of disease. Herein, we describe a novel class of 3-amino-7-phthalazinylbenzoisoxazole-based inhibitors. With relatively low molecular weight, these compounds are highly potent in enzyme and cell-based assays, with minimal protein shift in 50% human whole blood. Compound 3c was efficacious (ED 50 = 0.05 mg/kg) in the rat collagen induced arthritis (CIA) model.
Assuntos
Aminas/química , Benzeno/química , Isoxazóis/administração & dosagem , Isoxazóis/farmacologia , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Ftalazinas/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Animais , Artrite/induzido quimicamente , Artrite/tratamento farmacológico , Artrite/enzimologia , Cristalografia por Raios X , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Isoxazóis/química , Isoxazóis/uso terapêutico , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/química , Proteína Quinase 14 Ativada por Mitógeno/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Novel potent trisubstituted pyridazine inhibitors of p38 MAP (mitogen activated protein) kinase are described that have activity in both cell-based assays of cytokine release and animal models of rheumatoid arthritis. They demonstrated potent inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in mice and exhibited good efficacy in the rat collagen induced arthritis model.