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1.
J Neurooncol ; 141(2): 253-263, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30446898

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma is the most aggressive form of high grade glioma in children with no effective therapies. There have been no improvements in survival in part due poor understanding of underlying biology, and lack of representative in vitro and in vivo models. Recently, it has been found feasible to use both biopsy and autopsy tumors to generate cultures and xenograft models. METHODS: To further model development, we evaluated the collective international experience from 8 collaborating centers to develop DIPG pre-clinical models from patient-derived autopsies and biopsies. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to determine key factors associated with the success of in vitro and in vivo PDX development. RESULTS: In vitro cultures were successfully established from 57% of samples (84.2% of biopsies and 38.2% of autopsies). Samples transferred in DMEM media were more likely to establish successful culture than those transported in Hibernate A. In vitro cultures were more successful from biopsies (84.2%) compared with autopsies (38.2%) and as monolayer on laminin-coated plates than as neurospheres. Primary cultures successfully established from autopsy samples were more likely to engraft in animal models than cultures established from biopsies (86.7% vs. 47.4%). Collectively, tumor engraftment was more successful when DIPG samples were directly implanted in mice (68%), rather than after culturing (40.7%). CONCLUSION: This multi-center study provides valuable information on the success rate of establishing patient-derived pre-clinical models of DIPG. The results can lead to further optimization of DIPG model development and ultimately assist in the investigation of new therapies for this aggressive pediatric brain tumor.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/terapia , Glioma/fisiopatologia , Glioma/terapia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos , Animais , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/genética , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Glioma/genética , Histonas/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Mutação , Estudos Retrospectivos
2.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 18(1): 71, 2018 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29463243

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer related death and its incidence has risen steadily. Although anticancer drugs have been developed based on the new molecular findings, the drugs have produced unsatisfactory results due to toxicity and resistance. Thus, a complementary therapeutic intervention is urgently needed for pancreatic cancer patients. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the potential therapeutic effect of Anacardic acid on pancreatic cancer in vitro and elucidate its underlying mechanisms. Human pancreatic cancer cells were treated with Anacardic acid and assessed for the cytotoxic effect using MTT and spheroid formation assays. Using the same methods, the synergy between Anacardic acid and 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine was determined. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry were performed on cancer cells treated with Anacardic acid alone or in combination with 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine. Chromatin Modifying Protein 1A (Chmp1A), Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), and p53 were the primary signaling molecules examined. In addition, Chmp1A was silenced with shRNA to examine the necessity of Chmp1A for the anticancer effect of Anacardic acid, 5-Fluorouracil, or Gemcitabine. RESULTS: Anacardic acid induced an anticancer effect in pancreatic cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner, and increased the cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine in MTT cell viability assays. In spheroid formation assays, spheroids formed were smaller in size and in number upon Anacardic acid treatment compared to control. Mechanistically, Anacardic acid exerted its anticancer activity via the activation of Chmp1A, ATM, and p53. Interestingly, 5-Fluorouracil and Gemcitabine also induced an increase in Chmp1A protein level, suggesting that Chmp1A might mediate the cytotoxic action of chemotherapeutics. Silencing experiments indicate that Chmp1A is required for the action of Anacardic acid, but not for 5-Fluorouracil or Gemcitabine. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggests that Anacardic Acid might be a promising complementary supplement to slow the initiation or progression of pancreatic cancer.


Assuntos
Ácidos Anacárdicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte/metabolismo , Inibidores do Crescimento/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Complexos Endossomais de Distribuição Requeridos para Transporte/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/fisiopatologia , Transdução de Sinais , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteínas de Transporte Vesicular
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