Antihelmínticos como factor de riesgo en la obstrucción intestinal por ascaris lumbricoides en niños / Anthelmintics as a risk factor of intestinal obstruction by ascaris lumbricoides in children

In a retrospective study the authors analyzed the clinical records of 199 children ages one month to 16 years hospitalized, with the diagnosis of intestinal ascariasis, in the Instituto Nacional de Pediatría of México from 1984 to 1999. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the use of anthelmintics drugs as a risk factor of intestinal obstruction by A. lumbricoides. Two groups were made for the study: group A (n=66) of children who presented intestinal obstruction, group B (n=133) children with no complications. A comparative analysis of clinical data of both groups was made by means of chi square with Yates correction and a stratified analysis by means of chi square. Possible confusing elements were overcrowding, age and the use of antiparasitic drugs. The calculus of risk factors for intestinal obstruction by A. lumbricoides was done by means of contingency tables of 2 x 2 and odds ratio with an IC of 95 percent. The significant risk factors were included in a model of logistic regression with an impact variable consting in the presence or absence of intestinal obstruction in order to establish a multivariate model of predictive risk at level of significance of p<0,05

Microsporidiosis generalizada por encephalitozoon sp en un paciente pediátrico con enfermedad de Bruton / Generalized microsporidiosis caused by encephalitozoon sp in a pediatric patient with Brutonïs disease

We present the case of a four year old boy with a history of repeated upper respiratory tract infections and pyoderma. He presented fever, seizures, inhability to talk, loss of swallowing, fine tremor in the upper extremities; positive bilateral Babinski reflex and quadriparesis. The diagnosis of Brutonïs disease and generalized microporidiosis was based on immunologic analysis, smear tests with chromotrope R2 stain and indirect immunofluorescense with monoclonal 3B6 antibody for Encephalitozoon species in samples of spinal fluid, bronchial and paranasal sinus aspirates and stool, which were all positive. The patient was treated with albendazol during 72 days; he left the hospital in a good condition, walking, talking and able to swallow. His laboratory test controls were negative; he is followed up in the outpatient department

Verduras de consumo humano como probable fuente de infección de toxocara sp. para el hombre / Vegetables for human consumption as probable source of toxocara sp. infection to man

Although Toxocara canis life cycle is known, other possible mechanisms dynamically involved in its transmission to man are still ignored. The object of the present investigation was to search the occurrence of Toxocara sp. eggs in vegetables which humans consume. Five hundred and thirty six vegetables from a supply distribution center in Mexico City (Distrito Federal) were examined. Those included 212 carrots, 76 potatoes, 31 radishes, 22 mushrooms, 27 lettuces, 20 sweet potatoes and 66 bundles of spinaches, 32 bundles of salt-worts, 29 bundles of coriander, and 21 bundles of purslane. Each unit or bundle was @ashed with 50 ml of sterilized water, allowing sedimentation at room temperatura for 8 hours. Five ml of sediment were centrifugated at 3,000 r.p.m. for 5 minutes. Sediment was examined in lugol stained fresh plates through light microscopy, which tumed to be Toxocara sp. eggs were found only in two vegetables: 1.9 percent of car-rots and 6.5 percent of radishes. Toxocara sp. eggs were: 66.7 percent recently emitted and 33.3 percent embryonated. Other parasite elements were: Ascaris lumbricoides eggs 1.9 percent in carrots, 2.6 percent in potatoes, 9. 1 percent in mushrooms, 6.9 percent in corianders, 20.0 percent in sweet potatoes and 6. 1 percent in spinachs. Entamoeba histolytica cyts were found in 0.9 percent of carrots. Soil contamination with Toxocara sp. eggs from parasitized dogs or cats, or with either sewage systems or contaminated water where vegetables for human consumption are grown, play a role as a transmission mechanism must be deeperly studied since 33.3 percent of Toxocara sp. eggs found contained larvae, potentially infective to man

Frecuencia de hallazgo de huevos de toxocara cati en gatos domésticos de Ciudad de México y del estado de México / Frequency of toxocara cati eggs in domestic cats at Mexico City and at Mexico State

Toxocariosis is a zoonosis which has beem widely studied in dogs. However, not much is known about this parasitosis in cats. The aim of the present work was to determine the frequency of Toxocara cati in domestic cats in Mexico City and the State of Mexico. Feces of 660 domestic cats were studied by the Faust concentration-floating test; 401 samples were from cats living in Mexico City of which 308 lived in houses and 93 in apartments; 231 were from urban areas of the State of Mexico an 28 from a rural area of the same state. The total frequency of T. cati eggs obtained from domestic cats in Mexico City was 42.9 percent; in cats living in apartments it was 18.3 percent and in cats living in houses it was 50.3 percent. In domestic cats from the State of Mexico, T. cati frequency was 36.4 percent in the urban and 21.4 percent in the rural areas. We consider that toxocariosis frequency observed at the two studied sites is high and that the need to prevent dissemination of the infectious forms of T. cati is urgent,as it the necessity of informing the population of the risk of living with T. cati parasited animals and of the anatomopathological alterations caused by T. cati in man

Aislamiento de seudomicelios de Candida en muestras diarreicas de pacientes pediátricos / Candida pseudomycelium in diarrheic stools of pediatric patients

Objetivo: Investigar la frecuencia con que se hallan seudomicelios de Candida en evacuaciones diarreicas de los niños y observar las características macroscópicas y microscópicas de las heces. Antecedentes. La gastroenteritis por especies de Candida se diagnostica poco porque se considera rara. Se ha buscado principalmente en pacientes con enfermedades inmunosupresoras y en pacientes tratados con múltiples antibióticos. Método. Se buscó en las evacuaciones diarreicas de 674 niños la presencia de seudomicelios de Candida. En las muestras positivas se realizó examen con rojo de eritrosina, cultivo en corn-meal-agar (harina de maíz), coprocultivo, rotaforesis, examen microscópico directo de heces y frotis de moco fecal para descartar otrosenteropatógenos. Se estudiaron las características organolépticas de las heces y el pH. Se revisaron 300 muestras testigo no diarreicas para la búsqueda de seudomicelios. Resultados. En las heces de 674 niños con diarrea hubo 12 casos positivos para suedomicelios de Candida, nueve de los cuales eran casos puros para Candida (1.33 por ciento). Características de las heces: Semilíquidas, 22.3 por ciento; líquidas, 77.7 por ciento; color amarilloverdoso, 55.5 por ciento; verdoso, 44.5 por ciento; presencia de moco escaso, 22.3 por ciento; moco abundante, 77.7 por ciento; moco fecal con predominio de polimorfonucleares mayor del 80 por ciento, 100 por ciento; pH de 6 a 8.5. Conclusiones. Este informe se basa en el primer estudio de frecuencia de diarrea asociada a Candida realizado en nuestro medio, y el primero que refiere las caractrísticas del moco fecal y de las heces

Contaminación de suelos por huevos de toxocara sp en parques públicos y jardines de casas-habitación de la ciudad de México / Soil contamination with toxocara sp eggs in public parks and home gardens from Mexico city

Due to the high number of stray dogs and cats which defecate in public places in Mexico city (3 millions approximately), in addition to domestic dogs and cats, exists the potential risk to man of infection by toxocara sp eggs. A study to determine the contamination frequency by toxocara sp eggs in public parks, public flower beds, and home gardens in Mexico City, Distrito Federal, was carried out in the 1995 first semester. Fourteen hundred and five soil samples were collected from 156 public parks, 83 public flower beds and 42 home gardens across the 16 delegations in Mexico City, Distrito Federal. Samples were processed by the zinc sulfate centrifugal flotation method, and supernatants read by microscopy. Out of the whole 281 sampled sites, 12,5 percent were found contaminated with toxocara sp eggs. Positivity found was: 10,9 percent in public parks, 13,3 percent in public flower beds and 16,7 in home gardens. Ninety percent of the eggs were embryonated or larvaeted measuring 60 to 90 micrometers. The high contamination frecuencies found make necessary to prompt for public health measures granted the risk of infection acquisition spread on the most exposed population (children) provided that it is acquired via geophagia.