RESUMO
We present early vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates of the 2023 seasonal COVID-19 XBB.1.5 vaccine against COVID-19 hospitalisation and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) in previously vaccinated adults ≥ 60 years in the Netherlands. We compared vaccination status of 2,050 hospitalisations including 92 ICU admissions with age group-, sex-, region- and date-specific population vaccination coverage between 9 October and 5 December 2023. VE against hospitalisation was 70.7% (95%â¯CI: 66.6-74.3), VE against ICU admission was 73.3% (95%â¯CI: 42.2-87.6).
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Vacinas , Adulto , Humanos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Países Baixos/epidemiologia , Eficácia de Vacinas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Cuidados Críticos , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Lung impairment from functional MRI is frequently assessed as defect percentage. The defect distribution, however, is currently not quantified. The purpose of this work was to develop a novel measure that quantifies how clustered or scattered defects in functional lung MRI appear, and to evaluate it in pediatric cystic fibrosis. THEORY: The defect distribution index (DDI) calculates a score for each lung voxel categorized as defected. The index increases according to how densely and how far an expanding circle around a defect voxel contains more than 50% defect voxels. METHODS: Fractional ventilation and perfusion maps of 53 children with cystic fibrosis were previously acquired with matrix pencil decomposition MRI. In this work, the DDI is compared to a visual score of 3 raters who evaluated how clustered the lung defects appear. Further, spearman correlations between DDI and lung function parameters were determined. RESULTS: The DDI strongly correlates with the visual scoring (r = 0.90 for ventilation; r = 0.88 for perfusion; P < .0001). Although correlations between DDI and defect percentage are moderate to strong (r = 0.61 for ventilation; r = 0.75 for perfusion; P < .0001), the DDI distinguishes between patients with comparable defect percentage. CONCLUSION: The DDI is a novel measure for functional lung MRI. It provides complementary information to the defect percentage because the DDI assesses defect distribution rather than defect size. The DDI is applicable to matrix pencil MRI data of cystic fibrosis patients and shows very good agreement with human perception of defect distributions.
Assuntos
Fibrose Cística , Criança , Fibrose Cística/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Perfusão , RespiraçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The inflammatory potential of the diet has been associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but its association with CRC prognosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammatory potential of the diet in relation to recurrence and all-cause mortality among persons diagnosed with stage I to III CRC. METHODS: Data of the COLON study, a prospective cohort among CRC survivors were used. Dietary intake, 6 mo after diagnosis, was assessed by using a food frequency questionnaire and was available for 1631 individuals. The empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score was used as a proxy for the inflammatory potential of the diet. The EDIP score was created by using reduced rank regression and stepwise linear regression to identify food groups that explained most of the variations in plasma inflammatory markers (IL6, IL8, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-α) measured in a subgroup of survivors (n = 421). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models with restricted cubic splines were used to investigate the relation between the EDIP score and CRC recurrence and all-cause mortality. Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, PAL, smoking status, stage of disease, and tumor location. RESULTS: The median follow-up time was 2.6 y (IQR: 2.1) for recurrence and 5.6 y (IQR: 3.0) for all-cause mortality, during which 154 and 239 events occurred, respectively. A nonlinear positive association between the EDIP score and recurrence and all-cause mortality was observed. For example, a more proinflammatory diet (EDIP score +0.75) compared with the median (EDIP score 0) was associated with a higher risk of CRC recurrence (HR: 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.29) and all-cause mortality (HR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.35). CONCLUSIONS: A more proinflammatory diet was associated with a higher risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality in CRC survivors. Further intervention studies should investigate whether a switch to a more anti-inflammatory diet improves CRC prognosis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Dieta , Sobreviventes , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
A loss of physical functioning (i.e., a low physical capacity and/or a low physical activity) is a common feature in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To date, the primary care physiotherapy and specialized pulmonary rehabilitation are clearly underused, and limited to patients with a moderate to very severe degree of airflow limitation (GOLD stage 2 or higher). However, improved referral rates are a necessity to lower the burden for patients with COPD and for society. Therefore, a multidisciplinary group of healthcare professionals and scientists proposes a new model for referral of patients with COPD to the right type of exercise-based care, irrespective of the degree of airflow limitation. Indeed, disease instability (recent hospitalization, yes/no), the burden of disease (no/low, mild/moderate or high), physical capacity (low or preserved) and physical activity (low or preserved) need to be used to allocate patients to one of the six distinct patient profiles. Patients with profile 1 or 2 will not be referred for physiotherapy; patients with profiles 3-5 will be referred for primary care physiotherapy; and patients with profile 6 will be referred for screening for specialized pulmonary rehabilitation. The proposed Dutch model has the intention to get the right patient with COPD allocated to the right type of exercise-based care and at the right moment.
Assuntos
Terapia por Exercício , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/reabilitação , Encaminhamento e Consulta/normas , Comitês Consultivos , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Humanos , Países Baixos , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
The focus of high-throughput drug discovery has progressed through the genome and the transcriptome and is now moving towards more difficult problems in assessing the proteome, glycome and metabolome. Microarrays are currently the major tool in the assessment of gene expression via cDNA or RNA analysis; however, they are also used to screen libraries of proteins and small molecules. Microarrays have helped to extract more information from smaller sample volumes and enabled the incorporation of low-cost high-throughput assays in the drug discovery process. The technology continues to develop and is being rapidly transferred into more challenging areas, with the potential to further aid and enhance the drug discovery process through the development of, for example, proteomic, glycomic and tissue arrays.
Assuntos
Análise em Microsséries/métodos , Animais , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/métodos , Nanotecnologia , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Análise Serial de Proteínas/métodos , Análise Serial de Tecidos/métodosRESUMO
The focus of high-throughput drug discovery has progressed through the genome and the transcriptome and is now moving towards more difficult problems in assessing the proteome, glycome and metabolome. Microarrays are currently the major tool in the assessment of gene expression via cDNA or RNA analysis; however, they are also used to screen libraries of proteins and small molecules. Microarrays have helped to extract more information from smaller sample volumes and enabled the incorporation of low-cost high-throughput assays in the drug discovery process. The technology continues to develop and is being rapidly transferred into more challenging areas, with the potential to further aid and enhance the drug discovery process through the development of, for example, proteomic, glycomic and tissue arrays.
Assuntos
Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos/métodos , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/tendências , Nanotecnologia/tendências , PesquisaAssuntos
Biotecnologia , Nanotecnologia , Tecnologia Farmacêutica , Biotecnologia/instrumentação , Biotecnologia/métodos , Biotecnologia/tendências , Microesferas , Nanotecnologia/instrumentação , Nanotecnologia/métodos , Nanotecnologia/tendências , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/instrumentação , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/métodos , Tecnologia Farmacêutica/tendênciasRESUMO
The biotin-binding capacity in the wells of a streptavidin-coated PCR plate were quantified by means of a fluorescence intensity assay utilising biotin-labelled fluorescein and a colorimetric assay using biotin-labelled alkaline phosphatase. The biotin binding capacities were determined to be 59 and 58 pmol respectively.