RESUMO
New neurons are continuously generated in the adult brain through a process called adult neurogenesis. This form of plasticity has been correlated with numerous behavioral and cognitive phenomena, but it remains unclear if and how adult-born neurons (abNs) contribute to mature neural circuits. We established a highly specific and efficient experimental system to target abNs for causal manipulations. Using this system with chemogenetics and imaging, we found that abNs effectively sharpen mitral cells (MCs) tuning and improve their power to discriminate among odors. The effects on MCs responses peaked when abNs were young and decreased as they matured. To explain the mechanism of our observations, we simulated the olfactory bulb circuit by modelling the incorporation of abNs into the circuit. We show that higher excitability and broad input connectivity, two well-characterized features of young neurons, underlie their unique ability to boost circuit computation.
Assuntos
Neurônios/fisiologia , Odorantes , Bulbo Olfatório/citologia , Fatores Etários , Animais , Cálcio/metabolismo , Potenciais Evocados/fisiologia , Feminino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Modelos Biológicos , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Bulbo Olfatório/efeitos dos fármacos , Bulbo Olfatório/fisiologia , Tamoxifeno/farmacologiaAssuntos
Arbovírus/imunologia , Aedes , Animais , Anopheles , Antígenos Virais , Arbovírus/efeitos dos fármacos , Bromodesoxiuridina/farmacologia , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Imunodifusão , Insetos Vetores , Dose Letal Mediana , Camundongos , Testes de Neutralização , Ucrânia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can cause a spectrum of renal disease, termed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) nephropathy. The most common clinical manifestations of kidney involvement in HIV-1-infected patients are proteinuria and/or nephrotic syndrome, and the histopathological pattern usually reveals focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. We describe an 8-year-old child with AIDS who presented with recurrent gross hematuria. A kidney biopsy demonstrated IgA nephropathy. This unique case indicates that the range of kidney disease in HIV-infected children may be broader than originally thought, and that these patients warrant a complete evaluation of any renal abnormality.