Eponyms in orthopaedics.

Eponym (epó-nim) [Greek eponymos, named after] The name of a disease, structure, operation, or procedure, derived from the name of the person who discovered or described it first. Argot (ärgõ) [French origin "in thieves' jargon"] The specialized vocabulary and idioms of those in the same work. Eponyms are commonly used in orthopaedics. Yet the individual's name and history often remain obscure or unknown to the user. The recognition and appropriate use of the eponymic terms become more difficult as the terminology falls into disuse. It is hoped that this report will serve as a reference and a resource and will preserve orthopaedic history.

The BHAGL lesion: a new variant of anterior shoulder instability.

This article describes a new lesion associated with anterior instability of the shoulder. The bony humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligaments (BHAGL) is a rare lesion that may occur after anterior dislocation of the shoulder. There is a bone fragment noted on radiographs of the shoulder that may appear similar to a bony glenoid avulsion. Computed tomography typically will show that the bone is attached to the glenohumeral ligaments and does not originate from the glenoid. Arthroscopy may or may not show the lesion. This variant of anterior shoulder instability may present with impingement or instability symptoms. If symptoms fail to respond to conservative management, treatment through open excision of the bony fragment and reattachment of the glenohumeral ligaments to their origin on the anterior aspect of the humerus is indicated.

Pediatric hand injuries due to home exercycles.

The clinical presentation and management of 19 children who sustained injuries by stationary exercise bicycles were reviewed retrospectively. These injuries represented 32 traumatized digits with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The index and long fingers were most commonly involved. Wheel-spoke injuries typically produced repairable nerve and tendon lacerations, and full functional recovery in these cases was common. The chain/sprocket injury involved a crushing mechanism and frequently produced severe injury including amputations that were not salvageable. Stationary exercise bicycles represented a predictable source of severe hand injury in children between the ages of 18 months and 5 years. Adult supervision was not reliable in preventing contact between an operating exercycle and a child's hand. We recommend that children not be allowed access to any stationary exercycle machinery, whether it is in use or not. Safety design considerations should focus on not only shielding the wheel spokes, but also (and perhaps even more important) on enclosing the entire chain axis and gear interface. In addition to these design considerations, public education will be critical in reducing the incidence of injury.