[Characteristics of Bacterioplankton Community Between River and Lake/Reservoir in the Yangtze River Basin].

To explore the bacterioplankton community structure in the Yangtze River basin, water samples were collected from 177 sampling sites, including the source to the estuary along the mainstream of the Yangtze River, eight primary tributaries, and several lakes and reservoirs. The 16S rRNA genes were used to explore the bacterioplankton communities based on single molecule real-time sequencing, with the aim to study the diversity and community characteristics in a border sampling area and higher species annotation accuracy. Based on α-diversity analysis, the river area had higher species richness than that of the lake/reservoir area, resulting in these two areas having different bacterioplankton community diversities. Based on the ß diversity analysis, the bacterioplankton showed different community compositions between the river and lake/reservoir areas; temperature was the key environmental factor for the river area, and pH was the key environmental factor for the lake/reservoir area. In order to study the influence of different bacterioplankton communities, this study further investigated the species, function, and community differences between the river and lake/reservoir areas. The results were as follows:for the river area, the eutrophication level gradually increased from west to east along the mainstream of the Yangtze River, resulting in a gradually increased relative abundance of specific species. The lake/reservoir area had a higher risk of cyanobacteria bloom, and the opportunistic pathogen had a high relative abundance in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, indicating a higher ecological risk. For species composition, the river and lake/reservoir areas shared most OTUs (84%); however, some uncultured bacteria showed a high relative abundance in the Yangtze River, meaning the bacterioplankton of the Yangtze River basin still requires further study. In general, the river and lake/reservoir shared most species; however, the different bacterioplankton diversity, community composition, and enriched species made the river and lake/reservoir have different key environmental factors, and they also showed differences in ecological functions.

[Community Composition and Assessment of the Aquatic Ecosystem of Periphytic Algae in the Yangtze River Basin].

To explore the periphytic algae community structure in the Yangtze River basin, samples were collected from 130 sampling sites, including the source to the estuary along the mainstream of the Yangtze River, eight primary tributaries, and the tributary of the Three Gorges area. The periphytic algae densities of different areas in the mainstream of the Yangtze River ranked from high to low were the upstream area, source area, middle and lower area, and the Jinsha River. The high periphytic algae density in the upstream area was associated with the shift in nutrition level, and the high periphytic algae density in the source area was associated with human activity. The spatial pattern of the periphytic algae community in the whole main stream from west to east presented the alternating dominance of Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta; the Bacillariophyta (Navicula) had a competitive advantage in the main stream, and the distribution of the periphytic algae community was driven by total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and pH. For the tributary of the Yangtze River, the periphytic algae density in the Three Gorges tributary area was far higher than those in the eight primary tributaries; the periphytic algae community was dominated by Cyanophyta (Lyngbya), which had a competitive advantage in the tributaries of the Yangtze River. The distribution of the periphytic community was driven by dissolved oxygen and pH. According to the diversity analysis and assessment, the periphytic algae community in the source area showed lower species richness and higher evenness, thus leading to a high α-diversity and good assessment result (mesosaprobic zone). The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River also showed the same assessment result, the mesosaprobic zone. However, the community evenness of the middle and lower reaches was significantly lower than that of the source area, thus making the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have a significantly lower α-diversity than that of the source area. All areas of the Yangtze River showed good water quality assessment; however, different areas had different WQI index numbers, and the assessment results of the WQI index were inconsistent with the results of the aquatic assessment. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of aquatic ecosystem health should use both aquatic assessments and water quality assessments.

Application of magnesium modified corn biochar for phosphorus removal and recovery from swine wastewater.

The recycling of lost phosphorus (P) is important in sustainable development. In line with this objective, biochar adsorption is a promising method of P recovery. Therefore, our study investigates the efficiency and selectivity of magnesium modified corn biochar (Mg/biochar) in relation to P adsorption. It also examines the available P derived from postsorption Mg/biochar. Mg/biochar is rich in magnesium nanoparticles and organic functional groups, and it can adsorb 90% of the equilibrium amount of P within 30 min. The Mg/biochar P adsorption process is mainly controlled by chemical action. The maximum P adsorption amount of Mg/biochar is 239 mg/g. The Langmuir-Freundlich model fits the P adsorption isotherm best. Thermodynamics calculation shows ∆H > 0, ∆G < 0, ∆S > 0, and it demonstrates the P adsorption process is an endothermic, spontaneous, and increasingly disordered. The optimal pH is 9. The amounts of P adsorbed by Mg/B300, Mg/B450, and Mg/B600 from swine wastewater are lower than that adsorbed from synthetic P wastewater by 6.6%, 4.8%, and 4.2%, respectively. Mg/biochar is more resistant to pH and to the influence of coexisting ions than biochar. Finally, postsorption Mg/biochar can release P persistently. The P release equilibrium concentrations are ordered as follows: Mg/B600 > Mg/B450 > Mg/B300. The postsorption Mg/B300, Mg/B450, and Mg/B600 can release 3.3%, 3.9%, and 4.4% of the total adsorbed P, respectively, per interval time.