A meta-analysis of association of vitamin D receptor BsmI gene polymorphism with the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Association between vitamin D receptor (VDR) BsmI (rs1544410) gene polymorphism and the risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) from the published reports are still conflicting. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between VDR BsmI gene polymorphism and the risk of T1DM using meta-analysis method. The association studies were identified from PubMed, and Cochrane Library on 1 December 2013, and eligible investigations were included and synthesized using meta-analysis method. Twenty-three reports were recruited into this meta-analysis for the association of VDR BsmI gene polymorphism with T1DM susceptibility. In overall populations, bb genotype was associated with T1DM, but the B allele and BB genotype were not. In Asians and Latino population, B allele and bb genotype were associated with TIDM risk, but BB genotype was not. In Caucasians, VDR BsmI gene polymorphism was not associated with the T1DM risk. In Africans, B allele and BB genotype were associated with T1DM risk, but the bb genotype was not. However, the sample size for Latino population and Africans was small. In conclusion, VDR BsmI B allele, bb genotype was associated with T1DM risk in Asians, and bb genotype was associated with T1DM risk in overall populations. However, more studies should be conducted to confirm it.

Mogroside-rich extract from Siraitia grosvenorii fruits protects against the depletion of ovarian reserves in aging mice by ameliorating inflammatory stress.

Mogroside-rich extract (MGE), the main bioactive component of dried Siraitia grosvenorii fruit, has long been used as a natural sweetener and traditional Chinese medicine. This extract possesses various types of pharmacological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, hypoglycemic and hypolipemic activities. Moreover, we recently revealed that MGE has beneficial effects on female reproduction. Increasing maternal age leads to a rapid reduction in female fertility; in particular, it dramatically decreases ovarian function. Nevertheless, whether MGE can alleviate ovarian aging and the underlying mechanisms have not yet been explored. In this study, mice were treated with MGE by supplementation in drinking water from 10 to 44 weeks of age. Then, ovarian function and molecular changes were determined. Our findings showed that MGE treatment protected aged mice from estrous cycle disorder. Moreover, MGE treatment significantly increased the ovarian reserves of aged mice. RNA-seq data showed that MGE upregulated the expression of genes related to gonad development, follicular development, and hormone secretion in ovarian tissue. Additionally, inflammatory stress was induced, as indicated by upregulation of inflammation-related gene expression and elevated TNF-α levels in the ovarian tissues of aged mice; however, MGE treatment attenuated inflammatory stress. In summary, our findings demonstrate that MGE can ameliorate age-related estrous cycle disorder and ovarian reserve decline in mice, possibly by alleviating ovarian inflammatory stress.