Gas Outburst Warning Method in Driving Faces: Enhanced Methodology through Optuna Optimization, Adaptive Normalization, and Transformer Framework.

Addressing common challenges such as limited indicators, poor adaptability, and imprecise modeling in gas pre-warning systems for driving faces, this study proposes a hybrid predictive and pre-warning model grounded in time-series analysis. The aim is to tackle the effects of broad application across diverse mines and insufficient data on warning accuracy. Firstly, we introduce an adaptive normalization (AN) model for standardizing gas sequence data, prioritizing recent information to better capture the time-series characteristics of gas readings. Coupled with the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model, AN demonstrates superior forecasting performance compared to other standardization techniques. Next, Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) is used for feature extraction, guiding the selection of the Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) order. Minimal decomposition errors validate the efficacy of this approach. Furthermore, enhancements to the transformer framework are made to manage non-linearities, overcome gradient vanishing, and effectively analyze long time-series sequences. To boost versatility across different mining scenarios, the Optuna framework facilitates multiparameter optimization, with xgbRegressor employed for accurate error assessment. Predictive outputs are benchmarked against Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), GRU, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), where the hybrid model achieves an R-squared value of 0.980975 and a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.000149, highlighting its top performance. To cope with data scarcity, bootstrapping is applied to estimate the confidence intervals of the hybrid model. Dimensional analysis aids in creating real-time, relative gas emission metrics, while persistent anomaly detection monitors sudden time-series spikes, enabling unsupervised early alerts for gas bursts. This model demonstrates strong predictive prowess and effective pre-warning capabilities, offering technological reinforcement for advancing intelligent coal mine operations.

Improvement of Z-Weighted Function Based on Fifth-Order Nonlinear Multi-Order Weighted Method for Shock Capturing of Hyperbolic Conservation Laws.

Based on a 5-point stencil and three 3-point stencils, a nonlinear multi-order weighted method adaptive to 5-3-3-3 stencils for shock capturing is presented in this paper. The form of the weighting function is the same as JS (Jiang-Shu) weighting; however, the smoothness indicator of the 5-point stencil adopts a special design with a higher-order leading term similar to the τ in Z weighting. The design maintains that the nonlinear weights satisfy sufficient conditions for the scheme to avoid degradation even near extreme points. By adjusting the linear weights to a specific value and using the τ in Z weighting, the method can be degraded to Z weighting. Analysis of linear weights shows that they do not affect the accuracy in the smooth region, and they can also adjust the resolution and discontinuity-capturing capability. Numerical tests of different hyperbolic conservation laws are conducted to test the performance of the newly designed nonlinear weights based on the weighted compact nonlinear scheme. The numerical results show that there are no obvious oscillations near the discontinuity, and the resolution of both the discontinuity and smooth regions is better than that of Z weights.

Tree peony transcription factor PrWRI1 enhances seed oil accumulation.

BACKGROUND: WRINKLED1 (WRI1) encodes a transcription factor, belonging to the APETALA2 (AP2) family, and plays a key role in regulating plant oil biosynthesis. As a newly woody oil crop, tree peony (Paeonia rockii) was notable for the abundant unsaturated fatty acids in its seed oil. However, the role of WRI1 during the accumulation of P. rockii seeds oil remains largely unknown. RESULTS: In this study, a new member of the WRI1 family was isolated from P. rockii and was named PrWRI1. The ORF of PrWRI1 consisted of 1269 nucleotides, encoding a putative protein of 422 amino acids, and was highly expressed in immature seeds. Subcellular localization analysis in onion inner epidermal cells showed that PrWRI1 was located at the nucleolus. Ectopic overexpression of PrWRI1 could significantly increase the total fatty acid content in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf tissue and even PUFAs in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Furthermore, the transcript levels of most genes related to fatty acids (FA) synthesis and triacylglycerol (TAG) assembly were also up-regulated in transgenic Arabidopsis seeds. CONCLUSIONS: Together, PrWRI1 could push carbon flow to FA biosynthesis and further enhance the TAG amount in seeds with a high proportion of PUFAs.

Entropy Stable DGSEM Schemes of Gauss Points Based on Subcell Limiting.

The discontinuous Galerkin spectral element method (DGSEM) is a compact and high-order method applicable to complex meshes. However, the aliasing errors in simulating under-resolved vortex flows and non-physical oscillations in simulating shock waves may lead to instability of the DGSEM. In this paper, an entropy-stable DGSEM (ESDGSEM) based on subcell limiting is proposed to improve the non-linear stability of the method. First, we discuss the stability and resolution of the entropy-stable DGSEM based on different solution points. Second, a provably entropy-stable DGSEM based on subcell limiting is established on Legendre-Gauss (LG) solution points. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the ESDGSEM-LG scheme is superior in non-linear stability and resolution, and ESDGSEM-LG with subcell limiting is robust in shock-capturing.

Energy Stability Property of the CPR Method Based on Subcell Second-Order CNNW Limiting in Solving Conservation Laws.

This paper studies the energy stability property of the correction procedure via reconstruction (CPR) method with staggered flux points based on second-order subcell limiting. The CPR method with staggered flux points uses the Gauss point as the solution point, dividing flux points based on Gauss weights, with the flux points being one more point than the solution points. For subcell limiting, a shock indicator is used to detect troubled cells where discontinuities may exist. Troubled cells are calculated by the second-order subcell compact nonuniform nonlinear weighted (CNNW2) scheme, which has the same solution points as the CPR method. The smooth cells are calculated by the CPR method. The linear energy stability of the linear CNNW2 scheme is proven theoretically. Through various numerical experiments, we demonstrate that the CNNW2 scheme and CPR method based on subcell linear CNNW2 limiting are energy-stable and that the CPR method based on subcell nonlinear CNNW2 limiting is nonlinearly stable.

Ship Classification and Anomaly Detection Based on Spaceborne AIS Data Considering Behavior Characteristics.

With the establishment of satellite constellations equipped with ship automatic identification system (AIS) receivers, the amount of AIS data is continuously increasing, and AIS data have become an important part of ocean big data. To further improve the ability to use AIS data for maritime surveillance, it is necessary to explore a ship classification and anomaly detection method suitable for spaceborne AIS data. Therefore, this paper proposes a ship classification and anomaly detection method based on machine learning that considers ship behavior characteristics for spaceborne AIS data. In view of the characteristics of different types of ships, this paper introduces the extraction and analysis of ship behavior characteristics in addition to traditional geometric features and discusses the ability of the proposed method for ship classification and anomaly detection. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy of the five types of ships can reach 92.70%, and the system can achieve better results in the other classification evaluation metrics by considering the ship behavior characteristics. In addition, this method can accurately detect anomalous ships, which further proves the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.

Effects of dendrobium polysaccharides on human brain microvascular endothelial cell injury induced by ox-LDL via regulating the miR-378 expression.

Brain microvascular endothelial cells are a key part of the blood-brain barrier. This experiment was set up to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of Dendrobium polysaccharide on oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced damage to the human brain microvascular endothelial cells. For this purpose, human brain microvascular endothelial cells HBMEC were divided into control group (without any treatment), ox-LDL group (50 µg/mL ox-LDL), Dendrobium polysaccharide low, medium and high concentration group (0.1 µg/L, 0.2 µg/L, 0.4 µg/L Dendrobium polysaccharide+50 µg/mL ox-LDL), ox-LDL+miR-NC group (transfection miR-378 mimic negative control+50 µg/mL ox-LDL), ox-LDL+miR-378 group (transfected miR-378 mimics+50 µg/mL ox-LDL), ox-LDL+DP+anti-miR-NC group (transfected miR-378 inhibitor negative control +0.4 µg/L Dendrobium polysaccharide+50 µg/mL ox-LDL), ox-LDL+DP+anti-miR-378 group (transfected miR-378 inhibitor+0.4 µg/L Dendrobium polysaccharide+50 µg/mL ox-LDL ). The kit was used to detect the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT); flow cytometry to detect apoptosis; and Western blot to detect B-cell lymph tumor/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2 related X (Bax) protein expression; real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of miR-378. Results showed that after treatment with different concentrations of Dendrobium polysaccharides, MDA levels were decreased in ox-LDL-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells, SOD and CAT activities were increased, apoptosis rate was decreased, Bcl-2 expression was increased, Bax expression was decreased, miR-378 expression was increased, in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). Overexpression of miR-378 inhibits ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Inhibition of miR-378 expression reversed the effect of Dendrobium polysaccharide on ox-LDL-induced damage to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. Then dendrobium polysaccharide may inhibit ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human brain microvascular endothelial cells by up-regulating the expression of miR-378.

New Insights into the Impact of Ecological Factor on Bioactivities and Phytochemical Composition of Paeonia veitchii.

Paeonia veitchii has been widely distributed in China under different ecological types. Its roots contain diverse phytochemical constituents, which possess very high bioactivities. However, the influence of ecological factors on activities and ingredients of P. veitchii roots still remains unknown. The purpose of this research was to analyze the variation in bioactivities and phytochemical composition of P. veitchii roots upon exposure to various ecological factors. Seven P. veitchii populations collected from different regions in China were evaluated. The results of correlation analysis suggested that four major ecological factors, including average annual temperature, elevation, total potassium, and organic matter, had a strong correlation with the bioactivities of P. veitchii roots. Further, the major ecological factors were also highly correlated with the contents of naringin, gallic acid, benzoylpaeoniflorin, and paeoniflorin. The principal component analysis results supported four major metabolites as the main contributing ingredients. All populations were classified into three groups, G1, G2, and G3, through hierarchical cluster analysis. G1 showed more significant advantages in the above-mentioned four ecological factors, four active ingredients, and bioactivities compared to the other two groups. P. veitchii roots growing at lower average annual temperature, high elevation, rich total potassium and organic matter in the soils were presumed to have relatively higher bioactivities. These data expand the study on the bioactivities and phytochemical composition of P. veitchii roots and have a guiding significance for the ecological factor selection during the cultivation process of this herbaceous peony species.

Phenotypic Characteristics and Fatty Acid Composition of Seeds from Different Herbaceous Peony Species Native to China.

Herbaceous peony has been widely cultivated in China due to its substantial ornamental and medicinal value. In the present study, the phenotypic characteristics, total fatty acid (FA) content, and nine FA compositions of herbaceous peony seeds from 14 populations belonging to six species and one subspecies were determined by normal test and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results showed that the phenotypic characteristics of seeds varied dramatically among species. The concentrations of five major FAs in seed oils were as follows: linoleic acid (173.95-236.51 µg/mg), linolenic acid (227.82-302.71 µg/mg), oleic acid (135.32-208.81 µg/mg), stearic acid (6.52-11.7 µg/mg), and palmitic acid (30.67-47.64 µg/mg). Correlation analysis demonstrated that oleic acid had the highest partial correlation coefficient with total FAs and might be applied to develop a model of phenotypic characteristics. FAs were significantly influenced by the following environmental factors: latitude, elevation, and annual average temperature. Based on the FA levels in the seed oils, clustering analysis divided 14 populations into two clusters. It was found that the average contents of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and total FAs in cluster I (147.16 µg/mg, 200.31 µg/mg, and 671.24 µg/mg, respectively) were significantly lower than those in cluster II (196.65 µg/mg, 220.16 µg/mg, and 741.78 µg/mg, respectively). Cluster I was perfectly consistent with subsect. Foliolatae, while cluster II was in good agreement with subsect. Dissectifoliae. Therefore, the FA composition of wild herbaceous peony seed oil might be used as a chemotaxonomic marker.

Effect of duck meat consumption on thyroid hormone concentrations and energy metabolism of Sprague-Dawley rats.

The two diets, a duck meat diet (DMD) and a control casein diet (CD) were isocaloric (15.9 kJ/g dry matters), and contained 18.3% protein, 7.4% fat, 60.0% carbohydrate. The selenium contents in casein, duck meat powder, CD and DMD were 0.061, 0.549, 0.123 and 0.225 mg/kg. Rats in the DMD group had higher serum selenium concentrations (p<0.05) and liver 5'-deiodinase activities (p<0.05). As a result, duck meat consumption increased serum tri-iodothryonine (T3) concentrations (p<0.05) and decreased serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations (p<0.05). The lower serum T4 concentrations (p<0.05) were also supported by the lower total content of tyrosine and phenylalanine in duck meat powder compared to casein (7.72 vs 10.13). Compared to casein, duck meat powder had higher total content of glutamic acid, leucine, aspartic acid, serine, and alanine (44.68 vs 49.21), which led to higher serum TBG concentrations (p<0.05) in the DMD group. Hence, the DMD group had lower serum free T4 (FT4) concentrations (p<0.05), and lower serum free T3 (FT3) concentrations on day 14 (p<0.05), which significantly decreased the energy expenditure of rats in the DMD group, with lower liver Na,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase activities (p<0.05), lower OCRs and rectal temperature, especially on day 13 (p<0.05), higher body weight (p<0.05), and body-weight gain (p<0.05). We concluded that duck meat consumption decreased the energy metabolism of rats by multiple-step regulation of THs.

Research on Properties of Silicone-Modified Epoxy Resin and 3D Printing Materials.

A kind of organosilicon intermediate was prepared using isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hydroxyl silicone oil (HSO), and hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). The organosilicon modification of epoxy resin was realized by introducing a -Si-O- group into the side chain of epoxy resin by chemical grafting. The effects of organosilicon modification of epoxy resin on the mechanical properties systematically discuss its heat resistance and micromorphology. The results indicate that the curing shrinkage of the resin was decreased and the printing accuracy was improved. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the material are enhanced; the IS and elongation at break (EAB) are enhanced by 32.8 and 8.65%, respectively. The brittle fracture is changed to a ductile fracture, and the tensile strength (TS) of the material is decreased. The glass transition temperature (GTT) of the modified epoxy resin increased by 8.46 °C, and T50% and Tmax increased by 1.9 and 6 °C, respectively, indicating that the heat resistance of the modified epoxy resin was improved.

The Impacts of Workplace Environment on Coal Miners' Emotion and Cognition Depicted in a Mouse Model.

Most coal mine accidents are caused by the unsafe behavior of employees. Previous studies have shown that there is a significant connection among the working environment, the psychological state of employees, and unsafe behaviors. However, the internal biological mechanism has not been revealed. To explore the physiological and psychological alterations of coal mine workers and the underlying mechanisms that cause unsafe behaviors, the current study established a novel coal mine environment biological simulation (CEBS) model in mice. This model recreated the underground workplace environment facts in coal mines such as temperature, humidity, and noise, and mice were employed to receive these conditioning stresses according to the 8-h work. Animal behavior tests were performed to evaluate the evolution of the mental state including anxiety and depression, as well as the abilities of learning and memory during the 4-week environmental simulation. CEBS mice showed the adaptation process of anxiety from occurrence to stability in the process of environmental simulation, and also suffered from severe depression compared to the control mice. In addition, impaired spatial memory was also implicated in mice after 4-week CEBS. The behavior results of CEBS mice were consistent with the previous psychological investigation of coal workers. In summary, a novel mouse model was established in this study to depict the occurrence of negative emotions and impaired cognition in coal miners by simulating the underground workplace environment, which provided a basis for further exploring the biological mechanism of miners' unsafe behavior.

[Meta-analysis of fibrin glue for attaching conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of FG for attaching conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery. METHODS: Search was conducted in Pubmed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang database, CBM and VIP, and hand-search was also performed, the methodological quality were carried out according to evidence-based medicine (EBM). The qualities of the randomized controlled trials (RCT) were evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0. The Cochrane Collaboration's software RevMan 5.0 was used for Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Only 7 trials, involving 366 eyes, were included. Meta-analysis showed that significant differences were found between the FG and suture in recurrence [RR = 0.34, 95%CI (0.15, 0.80), P = 0.01], but there is no difference in reducing the complications [RR = 2.53, 95%CI (0.47, 13.51), P = 0.28]. CONCLUSION: Fibrin glue-assisted conjunctival autograft in pterygium surgery reduces postoperative recurrence.

Phytochemical components and bioactivities of novel medicinal food - Peony roots.

Peony as an important medicinal material is widely cultivated in China, which is one of the natural distribution centers of wild peony species. So far, however, there has not been a systematic study of the roots from China's wild peonies. In this study, the total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoid (TFC), other secondary metabolites, and microelement content, as well as the antioxidant, antibacterial, anticholinesterase, and antitumor activities of peony roots from 15 species and 2 subspecies were measured. Thirteen secondary metabolites were detected, with Paeoniflorin and Paeonol being the highest content bio-activities compounds. Additionally, the peony roots had a significant antioxidant activities and bacteriostatic effect against Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC varying from 0.063 to 1 mg/mL. P. anomala subsp. veitchii and P. lactiflora showed outstanding anticholinesterase capacities and cytotoxic activities. Taken together, the data presented here provide new insights into both the medicinal and edible potential of roots from wild peony species.

Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Profiling of MicroRNAs Reveal Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Two Contrasting Flower Color Cultivars of Tree Peony.

MicroRNA (miRNA)-mediated gene regulation is involved in various physiological processes in plants. Flower color is one of the vital ornamental traits of tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.). However, the yellow-flowered tree peony cultivars are particularly rare. To elucidate the miRNA-mediated gene regulatory mechanism underlying yellow pigmentation in tree peony, we combined pigment assessment, miRNA identification, expression analysis, and gene functional verification in two contrasting flower color cultivars "High Noon" and "Roufurong." Flavones/flavonols and anthocyanins were found to be the main contributors to the coloration of "High Noon" and "Roufurong" petals, respectively. Subsequently, miRNA analysis based on available genome data identified 9 differentially expressed miRNAs and 12 relevant target genes implicated in flavonoid biosynthesis. Their dynamic expression patterns determined the key role of mdm-miR156b-PsSPL2 module in yellow pigmentation of tree peony flowers. The sequence analysis and subcellular localization validated that PsSPL2 might function as a nuclear-localized transcription factor. Overexpression of PsSPL2 in tobacco resulted in a decrease of anthocyanin content and down-regulation of NtF3'H and NtDFR transcripts. PsSPL2-silenced petals exhibited lighter yellow color, and the contents of THC, Ap, and Ch decreased significantly. Meanwhile, expression levels of PsCHS, PsCHI, and PsF3H were significantly decreased in the petals with PsSPL2 silencing, while those of PsF3'H and PsDFR were remarkably increased. This study offers a novel insight into yellow pigmentation-related miRNA regulation network in tree peony, and further provides the valuable information on physiological changes during yellow coloring process of tree peony.

Bioactive components, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Paeonia rockii fruit during development.

In last ten years, much attention focused on tree peony fruit (TPF) for edible oil production despite other potential utilization. The present study identified and quantified 29 bioactive components by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QqQ-MS) targeted approach during the development of TPF. Trans-resveratrol, benzoic acid, luteolin, and methyl gallate were selected as predominant chemical markers between seeds and pods through principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Extremely high levels of paeoniflorin (1893 mg/100 g) and trans-resveratrol (1793 mg/100 g) were observed at stage 2 (S2) and S6 in seeds, respectively. Antioxidant activities determined by ABTS+•, DPPH•, and FRAP assays showed significant correlations with total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The strongest antibacterial effects of pod and seed against Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus vulgaris occurred at initial stages and maturation stages. TPF could be a potential source of bioactive compounds with functional properties.

[Effect of Nogo-66 on retinal microglia in chronic ocular hypertension rats].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of protein Nogo-66 on the expression of CD11b and MHC-II in retinal microglia of chronic ocular hypertension SD rats and the effects of protein Nogo-66 on the immunogenicity of injured retinal tissues. METHODS: It was a control experimental study. Chronic ocular hypertension rat model was established by laser photocoagulation on the anterior chamber angle and superficial vein of the sclera. One ml of Nogo-66 (0.01%) in PBS was injected subcutaneously on the day of laser treatment and 0.005% Nogo-66 PBS solution was injected into the vitreous 7 days and 1 month latter. PBS without Nogo-66 was injected in the control group. The expression of cell surface antigen CD11b and MHC-II were detected by immunohistochemistry 1 month and 1 day after the establishment of hypertension model. The difference of average IOP among groups was analyzed by variance analysis. The difference of expression of CD11b and MHC-II between the experimental and control groups was analyzed by t-test. RESULTS: The intraocular pressure (IOP) of experimental groups rised from the seventh day after model-building and the highest IOP was (24.16 ± 2.70) mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) 1 month later while that in the control groups was (15.93 ± 3.28) mm Hg. The difference between them was statistically significant (F = 2.10, P < 0.05). Expression of CD11b was (1.78 ± 0.63)% and MHC-II was (3.92 ± 1.03)% in Nogo-66 with hypertension groups, these results was significantly lower than those in Nogo-66 with normal intraocular pressure groups in which the expression of CD11b was (8.15 ± 1.97)% (t = 2.35, P < 0.05) and MHC-II was (11.45 ± 1.97)% (t = 2.14, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Protein Nogo-66 activated the cell surface antigen CD11b in nerve fiber layer of retina and induced antigen presenting molecules (MHC-II). This indicates that Nogo has the center immunogenicity and this protein could activate antigen-presenting cells to present injury antigen.

[The neuroglobin expression when retinal ganglion cells death in acute rats' retina ischemia].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the intra-retinal expression of neuroglobin (Ngb) and death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in acute retina ischemia rats. METHODS: It was an experimental study. The acute retina ischemia model was established by specific hypothesised left retina artery of Sprague-Dawley rats. Forty rats were divided into four groups (0, 15, 30, 60 min) by the time of retina ischemia. Every group has 10 rats, in one group random 3 rats were detected by Western blotting; 4 rats were detected by ganglion cell counted by hematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry fluorescence intensity analysis. The rest 3 rats were detected by Western blotting. The difference among different data were analyzed statistically by One-factor analysis of variance and LSD-t analysis. RESULTS: The intra-retinal expression of Ngb reached maximum after acute ischemia 15 minute (P = 0.000). then the expression began decreasing. After 30 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb had approached normal (P = 0.728), while, the cell number of RGCs began lower than 0 min group (P = 0.011); after 60 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb had been obviously lower than 0 min group (P = 0.001), the cell number of RGCs had been further lower than 0 min group (P = 0.000). The expression of Ngb in RGCs layer was highest in rat retina. The expression in inner plexiform layer and external plexiform layer were lower than the former. The expression of Ngb RGCs was mostly intracytoplasm. After 30 minute acute ischemia, the expression of Ngb were detected in mitochondrial outer compartment and mitochondrial cristae, but in cytoplasm of inner nuclear layer and outer nuclear layer the Ngb was not found. CONCLUSION: Ngb quickly steps-up when RGCs die in acute retina ischemia, and mainly expresses intracytoplasm of RGCs. It has tense relationships with nerve cells' survival in hypoxia.

Insights into the Phytochemical Composition and Bioactivities of Seeds from Wild Peony Species.

Peony is an important medicinal and ornamental plant widely cultivated in the world. Its seeds as a functional food source have attracted much more attention in recent years, and they are rich in monoterpene glycosides and phenolic compounds. To assess the application value of wild peony seeds, the main chemical composition and content, such as total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total flavanol content (TAC), and α and γ tocopherol content, of the seeds from 12 species and 2 subspecies were systematically explored in the present study. Four different antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and HRSA), antibacterial, and antifungal assays were also performed using various in vitro biochemical methods. The results showed that the seeds of P. delavayi, P. obovata. subsp. obovata, and P. rockii. subsp. rockii had a high content of TPC, TFC, and TAC, respectively. Twenty-five individual chemical compounds were qualitatively and quantitatively measured by HPLC-MS, with paeoniflorin being the most abundant compound in all samples. P. mairei was grouped individually into a group via hierarchical cluster analysis according to its relatively highest monoterpene glycosides and TPC content. This work has provided a basis for the development and utilization of seeds for the selection of wild peony species of dietary interest.

[Expression of CD11b in the retinal microglia in chronic hypertension rat].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of CD11b in the retinal microglia in laser induced ocular hypertension (OHT) SD rat. METHODS: It was an experimental study. OHT was induced by the coagulation of trabecular meshwork using 532-laser in sixty SD rats. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by Tonopen-XL, the expression of CD11b in retinal microglia detected by immunohistochemistry, and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) were labeled with Dextran Tetramethyl Rhodamine (DTR) and counted by Image-Pro Plus Version 6.0 image analysis software at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months, respectively. All the numerical data were statistically analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software. RESULTS: Although the IOP of experimental groups are still the similar level at 2w after coagulation (t = 1.124, P = 0.287), Compared to control eyes, IOP in lasered eyes was significantly (t = 2.487, P = 0.036) increased at 1 month, lasting for 3 months and returned to normal from 5 to 6 months (t = 1.103, P = 0.290). The expression of CD11b in the retinal microglia in the lasered eyes was significantly more intensive than that in control eyes at 1 month (t = 3.333, P = 0.008) and faded after 5 months, a similar pattern to IOP response, that two group data shows significant dependability (r = 0.891, P = 0.014). The number of RGC was significantly reduced from 1 month to 6 months (t = 3.316, P = 0.009), the velocity of reducing seems dependability to the advancing of IOP (r = 0.757, P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CD11b in retinal microglia is fluctuated with chronic OHT pattern and RGCs injury level indicating that the injury antigens by microglia are presented in the retina with the increase of IOP and activate the immunologic process leading to glaucomatous RGCs damage. It suggests that it is important to effectively control the IOP in order to reduce the risk of immune induced retinal damage by microglia.