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Preeclampsia (PE) occurs annually in 8% of pregnancies. Patients without risk factors represent 10% of these. There are currently no first-trimester biochemical markers that accurately predict PE. An increase in serum 60- and 70-KDa extracellular heat shock proteins (eHsp) has been shown in patients who developed PE at 34 weeks. We sought to determine whether there is a relationship between first-trimester eHsp and the development of PE. This was a prospective cohort study performed at a third level hospital in Mexico City from 2019 to 2020. eHsp levels were measured during the first-trimester ultrasound in singleton pregnancies with no comorbidities. First-trimester eHsp levels and biochemical parameters of organ dysfunction were compared between patients who developed preeclampsia and those who did not. All statistical analyses and model of correlation (r) between eHsp and clinical parameter were performed using bootstrapping R-software. p-values <0.05 were considered significant. The final analysis included 41 patients. PE occurred in 11 cases. eHsp-60 and eHsp-70 were significantly higher at 12 weeks in patients who developed PE (p = 0.001), while eHsp-27 was significantly lower (p = 0.004). Significant differences in first-trimester eHsp concentration suggest that these are possible early biomarkers useful for the prediction of PE.
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Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Pré-Eclâmpsia/diagnóstico , Proteínas de Choque Térmico , Estudos Prospectivos , Primeiro Trimestre da Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Biomarcadores , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP70RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a systemic thrombotic microangiopathy characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and variable kidney involvement. Extrarenal thrombotic microangiopathy occurs in central nervous system (CNS), colon, and other organ systems, but ocular involvement is rarely recognized. This study aimed to analyze frequency and severity of ocular involvement in STEC-HUS, and the relationship between ocular involvement and disease severity, with emphasis on CNS, kidney, and colonic disease. METHODS: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study. INCLUSION CRITERIA: STEC-HUS patients September 2014-January 2019. Funduscopic examination (FE) was performed within 48 h of admission. We evaluated severity of CNS disease, kidney involvement, and presence of hemorrhagic colitis (HC). RESULTS: Ninety-nine patients were included (female 52), mean age 39.4 months (DE: 29.8; range 9-132). Thirteen patients (13.1%) had abnormal FE, 10 showing variable degrees of hemorrhagic exudates and 2 with typical Purtscher-like retinopathy. Other findings included tortuous vascularity, cotton wool spots, and transient retinal edema. CNS involvement was present in 16/99 patients, severe in 12 (75%). Abnormal FE occurred in 5/12 (31%) patients with severe CNS involvement vs. 8/87 (9.2%) with mild, moderate, or no CNS disease (p = 0.0191). Abnormal FE was present in 2/33 (6%) patients without dialysis vs. 11/66 (16.6%) requiring dialysis (p = 0.20). Finally, there were FE abnormalities in 6/20 patients with HC vs. 7/79 without HC (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: FE abnormalities were present in 13% of HUS patients. Abnormal FE significantly associated with more severe disease, including severe CNS involvement and HC. We suggest FE should be performed in severe HUS, especially in cases with severe CNS disease. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Central , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica , Escherichia coli Shiga Toxigênica , Microangiopatias Trombóticas , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/complicações , Síndrome Hemolítico-Urêmica/terapia , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Diálise Renal , Microangiopatias Trombóticas/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a major cause of mortality in children. The objective of this study was to construct a prognostic scale for estimation of mortality applicable to children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). METHODS: This observational study included patients younger than 15 years with a diagnosis of CAP who were hospitalized between 2004 and 2013. A point-based scoring system based on the modification of the PIRO scale used in adults with pneumonia was applied to each child hospitalized with CAP. It included the following variables: predisposition (age <6 months, comorbidity), insult [hypoxia (O2 saturation < 90), hypotension (according to age) and bacteremia], response (multilobar or complicated pneumonia) and organ dysfunction (kidney failure, liver failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome). One point was given for each feature that was present (range, 0-10 points). The association between the modified PIRO score and mortality was assessed by stratifying patients into 4 levels of risk: low (0-2 points), moderate (3-4 points), high (5-6 points) and very high risk (7-10 points). RESULTS: Eight hundred sixty children hospitalized with CAP were eligible for study. The mean age was 2.8 ± 3.2 years. The observed mortality was 6.5% (56/860). Mortality ranged from 0% for a low PIRO score (0/708 pts), 18% (20/112 pts) for a moderate score, 83% (25/30 pts) for a high score and 100% (10/10 pts) for a very high modified PIRO score (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The present score accurately discriminated the probability of death in children hospitalized with CAP, and it could be a useful tool to select candidates for admission to intensive care unit and for adjunctive therapy in clinical trials.
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Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/mortalidade , Hospitalização , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Razão de Chances , Paraguai/epidemiologia , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Radiografia Torácica , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
RESUMEN Streptococcus Constellatus es un microorganismo comensal en el humano, pero puede causar infecciones en diferentes lugares. Reportamos el caso de un escolar con empiema pleural causado por este microorganismo en asociación a anaerobios. El paciente fue tratado con un drenaje pleural y recibió antibioticoterapia durante seis semanas. Fue dado de alta en buenas condiciones. Se discute el caso y se hace revisión de la literatura. Conclusión: En los últimos 5 años, la enfermedad del dengue produce una carga económica y de enfermedad sustancial en Paraguay. Se requiere la sostenibilidad y el fortalecimiento de acciones multisectoriales para reducir el impacto económico del dengue en la población paraguaya.
ABSTRACT Streptococcus constellatus is a commensal microorganism in humans, but it can cause sometimes different types of infections. We report the case of school-age children with pleural empyema caused by this microorganism in association with anaerobic bacteria. The patient was treated with a pleural drainage and received antibiotic therapy for six weeks. It was discharged in good condition. The case is discussed and literature review is done.
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Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud estima que anualmente ocurren 10 millones de casos incidentes de Tuberculosis (TB) en el mundo, de los cuales 10% ocurren en niños <15 años. Las dificultades en el acceso a los establecimientos de salud y el retraso en el diagnóstico y tratamiento apropiados incrementan la mortalidad en el niño. analizar las características Objetivos: clínicas, laboratoriales y los factores asociados a mortalidad en <19 años en pacientes hospitalizados por TB en Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Metodología: estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de tuberculosis, hospitalizados, durante los años 2010 a 2018. Los datos fueron obtenidos de base de datos del Departamento de Epidemiología. Las variables incluidas fueron datos demográficos, formas de presentación, diagnostico, tratamiento y factores asociados a la mortalidad. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y analítico. Se considero error alfa < 5%. Resultados: Se identificaron 98 pacientes (pts) ≤19 años, con edad media de 9,3±6,3 años, 65,3% de sexo masculino. El 34,6% con infección por Virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana, y el 23,4% (23/98) con desnutrición. El 42,4% procedían de poblaciones con <100.000 hab y el 23,4% pertenecían a pueblos originarios. El 19,4% (19/98) fallecieron. La mortalidad se asocio a vivienda en poblaciones con <100.000 habitantes (33,3% vs 8,9%, p=0,02. RR=2,3. IC 1,1 5,0). La mortalidad fue más en la forma de tuberculosis meníngea (46,2% vs 15,3%, p<0,01. RR= 3,0; IC 1,4 6,5). Conclusiones: La TB predominó en el sexo masculino, más del 80% presento comorbilidades. La mortalidad fue elevada y se asocio a viviendas en aéreas con<100.000 habitantes y la TB meníngea.
Introduction The World Health Organization estimates that 10 million new cases of Tuberculosis occur annually in the world, of which 10% occur in children <15 years of age. Difficulties in accessing health facilities and delaying in the diagnosis and treatment increase mortality in childhood. Objectives: to evaluate the clinical and laboratory characteristics and factors associated with mortality in patients < 19 years of age who were hospitalized for TB at the Institute of Tropical Medicine. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational study. We included hospitalized patients diagnosed with TB during the years 2010 to 2018. The data were obtained from the Hospital Epidemiology Department's database. The variables were demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and factors associated with mortality. Descriptive and analytical analysis was performed. Alpha error was considered <5%. Results: 98 patients (pts) ≤19 years old were identified, with a mean age of 9.3 ± 6.3 y e a r s , 6 5 . 3 % w e r e m a l e . 3 4 . 6 % h a d h u m a n immunodeficiency virus infection, and 23.4% (23/98) had malnutrition. 42.4% lived in areas with a population with <100,000 inhabitants and 23.4% belonged to native people groups. 19.4% (19/98) died. Mortality was associated with living areas with a population with <100,000 inhabitants (33.3% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.02. RR = 2.3. CI 1.1 - 5.0). Mortality was higher in meningeal tuberculosis presentations (46.2% vs. 15.3%, p <0.01. RR = 3.0; CI 1.4 - 6.5). Conclusions: Tuberculosis predominated in males, more than 80% presented with comorbidities. Mortality was high and was associated with living in areas with <100,000 inhabitants and TB meningeal form.
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Tuberculose , Fatores de Risco , Mortalidade , PediatriaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: Evaluar el impacto de la Obesidad en Neumonía Adquirida de la Comunidad (NAC) en la población pediátrica que ha superado el periodo de lactancia. Población y métodos: Estudio realizado en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical (IMT) de Paraguay en el que se analizaron los casos con NAC en niños y adolescentes entre 2 y 15 años, hospitalizados entre los años 2009 y 2013. El diagnóstico de NAC fue basado en la presencia de sintomatología respiratoria febril e imagen de condensación en la Rx de Tórax. En cada caso se evaluó la presencia de fiebre, taquipnea, tirajes, dolor torácico, saturación de oxígeno (SatO2), datos laboratoriales (recuento leucocitocitario y de plaquetas, hemoglobina, función hepática), presencia de derrame pleural, requerimiento de oxígeno (O2) suplementario, necesidad de ingreso a unidad de terapia intensiva (UTI), necesidad de asistencia respiratoria mecánica (ARM), días de internación, y mortalidad. Se midió el peso en kilogramos y la talla en centímetros. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal con la fórmula de IMC = Peso/Talla2. El estado nutricional se estableció según la edad y el sexo de acuerdo a los gráficos de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y el Centro Nacional de Estadísticas de Salud (NCHS) de los Estados Unidos (año 2006). Se compararon los grupos de pacientes con obesidad y eutróficos. Resultados: Se analizaron 231 pacientes entre 2 y 15 años, de los cuales 143 (62%) correspondieron a niños de 2 a 5 años y 88 (38%) de 5 a 15 años. Cuarenta (17%) eran obesos y 160 (70%) eutróficos. No se encontró diferencia en la presentación de fiebre (p=0,9), tirajes (p=0,06), dolor torácico (p=1). La taquipnea mostró diferencia a favor de los eutróficos (p<0,01). La SatO2<94% en los obesos fue mayor (p<0,05). En cuanto a datos laboratoriales los valores de GPT fueron mayores en los pacientes obesos (p<0,05) y los eutróficos presentaron más frecuentemente derrame pleural (p<0,01). No se encontró diferencias en la frecuencia de uso de oxigenoterapia (p=0,7), ingreso a UTI (p=0,3), necesidad de ARM (p=1) y en los días de internación entre ambos grupos. Igualmente no hubo diferencia en la mortalidad: 0/40 vs 4/160 (p=0,58). Conclusión: La prevalencia de obesidad encontrada es más alta que en los registros oficiales. No se constató que la presentación clínica y la evolución de la NAC en pacientes obesos difiera significativamente a la que se observa en pacientes eutróficos. Sin embargo, los pacientes obesos con NAC presentaron valores menores de SatO2 al ingreso que los eutróficos, como expresión de menor intercambio gaseoso. Además, la obesidad no se ha asociado a diferencias en la respuesta leucocitaria y niveles de Hb al compararlo con los pacientes eutróficos, aunque sí se ha constatado valores más altos de GPT, probablemente relacionado al compromiso hepático observado en la obesidad. Finalmente, la duración de estancia hospitalaria, la frecuencia de ingreso a UTI y mortalidad fue similar en ambos grupos.
ABSTRACT Goals: To evaluate the impact of Obesity on Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) in the pediatric population that has passed the breastfeeding period. Population and methods: Study carried out in the Institute of Tropical Medicine (IMT) of Paraguay in which the cases with NAC in children and adolescents between 2 and 15 years, hospitalized between 2009 and 2013, will be analyzed. The diagnosis of NAC was based on the presence of Febrile respiratory symptomatology and condensation image in the thorax Rx. In each case the presence of fever, tachypnea, runs, chest pain, oxygen saturation (SatO2), laboratorial data (leukocytocyte and platelet count, hemoglobin, liver function), presence of pleural effusion, oxygen requirement (O2) are evaluated. supplementary, need for admission to intensive care unit (ICU), need for mechanical ventilation (ARM), days of hospitalization, and mortality. The weight in kilograms and the height in centimeters were measured. The body mass index was calculated with the formula of BMI = Weight / Size2. The nutritional status is based on the age and agreement of the charts of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) of the United States (year 2006). The groups of obese and eutrophic patients were compared. Results: We analyzed 231 patients between 2 and 15 years old, of which 143 (62%) corresponded to children from 2 to 5 years old and 88 (38%) from 5 to 15 years old. Forty (17%) were obese and 160 (70%) were eutrophic. No difference was found in the presentation of fever (p = 0.9), runs (p = 0.06), chest pain (p = 1). Tachypnea showed a difference in favor of eutrophics (p <0.01). SatO2 <94% in the obese was higher (p <0.05). Regarding the labor data, the GPT values ââwere higher in the obese patients (p <0.05) and the eutrophic ones are published more frequently in the pleural frame (p <0.01). No differences were found in the frequency of use of oxygen therapy (p = 0.7), admission to the ICU (p = 0.3), need for ARM (p = 1) and in the days of hospitalization between both groups. Similarly, there was no difference in mortality: 0/40 vs 4/160 (p = 0.58). Conclusion: The prevalence of obesity is higher than in official records. The clinical presentation and evolution of CAP in obese patients was not found to differ significantly from what is observed in eutrophic patients. However, obese patients with CAP have lower values ââof SatO2 on admission than eutrophic patients, as an expression of lower gas exchange. In addition, obesity has not been associated with differences in the leukocyte response and Hb levels compared with eutrophic patients, although it has been found higher values ââof GPT, probably related to liver involvement in obesity. Finally, the length of hospital stay, the frequency of admission to the ICU and mortality were similar in both groups
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RESUMEN El pioderma gangrenoso (PG) es una ulceración cutánea poco común, generalmente idiopática, asociada o no a trastornos sistémicos. La etiopatogenia del PG aún no se conoce bien. Clínicamente se clasifica en tipos ulcerativo, pustular, bulloso y vegetativo. También se han descrito algunas variantes atípicas y raras. El diagnóstico clínico, apoyado en estudios auxiliares (laboratoriales, anatomopatológicos). Se han propuesto algunos criterios para el diagnóstico de PG. El tratamiento consiste principalmente en corticosteroides y agentes inmunosupresores. Caso clínico: adolescente, femenino, sin patología de base, con antecedente de lesión ulcerosa en pierna derecha de 6 meses de evolución, que aumenta de tamaño en el tiempo, consulta en varias oportunidades con tratamientos ambulatorios tórpidos. Ante aparición de fiebre, dolor e impotencia funcional se interna. En el transcurso de la internación presenta rectorragia importante con descenso de Hb. Se realiza colonoscopia de urgencias y se logra unidad diagnóstica egresando con tratamiento apropiado luego de 26 DDI.
ABSTRACT Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is an uncommon cutaneous ulceration, usually idiopathic, associated or not with systemic disorders. The etiopathogenesis of PG is still not well understood. Clinically, it is classified into ulcerative, pustular, bullous and vegetative types. Some atypical and rare variants have also been described. The clinical diagnosis, supported by auxiliary studies (laboratorial, anatomopathological). Some criteria have been proposed for the diagnosis of PG. The treatment consists mainly of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Clinical case: adolescent, female, without basic pathology, with a history of ulcerative lesion in the right leg of 6 months of evolution, which increases in size over time, consulting on several occasions with torpid ambulatory treatments. In the presence of fever, pain and functional impotence is internal. In the course of hospitalization, it presents significant rectorrhagia with a decrease in Hb. An emergency colonoscopy is performed and a diagnostic unit is achieved with appropriate treatment after 26 DDI.
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Introducción: La bacteriemia por Staphylococcus aureus (SA) constituye una de las más graves infecciones de la edad pediátrica. Objetivos: Evaluar las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y laboratoriales de niños con bacteriemias por SA adquiridas en la comunidad (SAAC), identificar factores de riesgos asociados a mortalidad. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron pacientes (pts) de ≤16 años, hospitalizados entre 2010-2018, con dx de bacteriemias por SAAC. Los datos clínicos y laboratoriales fueron introducidos en una base de datos de Excel y formateados para análisis. Resultados: Se identificaron 117 pts con una edad media de 56+53 meses, de los cuales 81 fueron≤ 5 años. La bacteriemia se asoció principalmente a neumonía (47% de los casos), presentando choque el 38% e ingreso a UCI el 40% de los pts. En el 27% (32/117) la bacteriemia fue por SAMR. La edad <5 años (p=0.0001), presencia de choque (p=0001), hospitalización en UCI (p=0.002, OR 3.58, IC95% 1.5-8.3) y la mortalidad (p=0.03, OR 2.65, IC95% 1.05-6.7) se asociaron a infección por SAMR. La mortalidad de esta serie fue del 21 % (25/117). La presencia de comorbilidad (p=0.006, OR3.66, IC95% 1.4-92), choque (p=0.0001, OR 87.6, IC 95% 11.5-687.7), focos múltiples infecciosos (p=0.007,OR3.46, IC 95% 1.3-8.9), aislamiento de SAMR (p=0.03, OR 2.65,IC 95% 1.1-6.7), y trombocitopenia <100 000/mm3 (p= 0.0001, OR 25.3, IC 95% 5-128) se asociaron a mortalidad. Conclusiones: El presente estudio muestra la severidad de la bacteriemia por SA. La resistencia a meticilina, la comorbilidad, la presencia de focos múltiples y choque se identificaron como factores asociados a mortalidad.
Introduction: Bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is one of the most serious infections in the pediatric population. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory characteristics of children with bacteremia due to SA acquired in the community (SAAC) and to identify risk factors associated with mortality. Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study in which patients (pts) ≤16 years, hospitalized between 2010-2018, with dx of bacteremia by SAAC were included. Clinical and laboratory data were entered into an Excel database and formatted for analysis. Results: We identified 117 pts with an average age of 56 + 53 months, of which 81 were ≤5 years. Bacteremia was associated mainly with pneumonia (47% of the cases), presenting with shock in 38% and admission to the ICU in 40% of the pts. In 27% (32/117) the bacteremia was caused by MRSA. Age <5 years (p = 0.0001), presence of shock (p = 0001), hospitalization in the ICU (p = 0.002, OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.5-8.3) and mortality (p = 0.03, OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.05-6.7) were associated with MRSA infection. The mortality in this series was 21% (25/117). The presence of comorbidities (p = 0.006, OR3.66, 95% CI 1.4-92), shock (p = 0.0001, OR 87.6, 95% CI 11.5-687.7), multiple infectious foci (p = 0.007, OR3.46, 95% CI 1.3-8.9), MRSA isolation (p = 0.03, OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.1-6.7), and thrombocytopenia <100 000 / mm3 (p = 0.0001, OR 25.3, 95% CI 5-128) were associated with mortality. Conclusions: This study shows the severity of SA bacteremia. Methicillin resistance, comorbidities, the presence of multiple infectious foci and shock were identified as factors associated with mortality.
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Objetivo: Identificar etiologìa de BAC y factores pronósticos de mortalidad. Material y Método: Estudio retrospectivo de BAC en pacientes de 29 días a 16 años hospitalizados en un Centro de Referencia del Paraguay, periodo 2007 a 2015, se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas y laboratoriales categorizando a los pacientes según el desenlace (Vivos o Muertos). Resultados: 187 casos de BAC , edad media 40 + 35 meses, M/F 1,4:1, edad < 1 año: 30,5% (57/187), 1 a 4 años 49,2% (92/187), 5 a 10 años 15,5% (29/187) y > 10 años 4,8 % (9/187). Diagnósticos de ingreso: Neumonía (78%), Infección de Piel y Partes Blandas (9%), Infección a Múltiples focos (7%), Meningitis (3,7%) Bacteriemia sin foco 2%. Las bacteriemias por Gram Positivos fueron más frecuentes que las bacteriemias por Gram Negativos: 91,4 vs 8,6% (p<0,05), aislamientos: S.pneumoniae, S.aureus, S.coagulasa negativo (2/2) y K. pneumoniae (46 %, 34%, 7,5% y 2%). Ingresaron a UCI 63 pacientes (33,7%), mortalidad 16,5 %. Variables asociadas a mortalidad: Edad <5 años (p<0,05), Desnutrición (p=0,02, RR= 2,4, IC95%: 1,1-5), Infección a múltiples focos(p=0,002, RR=3,2, IC 95%: 1,6-6,4), Choque p<0,001, RR19, IC95%:7,8-46), Glasgow <12 (p<0,001, RR=5,5, IC 95%:3,2-9,6), Sat O2 < 94% (p=0,007, RR 2, IC95%: 1,1-4) , Hb< 7 (p<0,01, RR: 11, IC95%: 6,8 a 19), GB > 15000, plaquetas < 100000 (p<0,001, RR=4,4, IC95%: 2,4- 7,8), Bacteriemia por Gram Positivos (p=0,001, RR=4,9, IC 95%: 1,5-15). Conclusión: En niños con BAC son más frecuentes las bacteriemias por Gram positivos. Se identificaron factores pronósticos de mortalidad.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Bacteriemia/microbiologia , Bacteriemia/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Bacteriemia/diagnósticoRESUMO
RESUMEN: En el Jardín de Aclimatación de Plantas Nativas y Medicinales FCQUNA existen 34 "ysypo" nativas, de los cuales una especie pertenece a la clase Filicopsida (helechos), cinco a la clase Liliopsida (Monocotiledóneas) y 28 corresponden a la clase Magnoliopsida (Dicotiledóneas). T otalizan 17 familias y 24 géneros. Las tres familias más importantes según el número de especies son: Passifloraceae, Bignoniaceae, y Fabaceae. Entre ellas se destacan Herreria bonplandii Lecomte y H. montevidensis Klotzsch ex Griseb., especies que figura en la lista de especies amenazadas del Paraguay . La clave para la determinación de las especies de 'ysypo' nativas del Paraguay , permitirá contar con una herramienta que facilitará su correcta identificación. Palabras clave: clave, ysypo, nativa, Paraguay