Health-related quality of life and associated factors in Chinese menstrual migraine patients: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Menstrual migraine is a particular form of migraine with a significant impact on the quality of life for women afflicted. Presently, no study has reported the quality of life in menstrual migraine patients. This work aims to assess the health-related quality of life and identify its associated factors among Chinese menstrual migraine patients. METHODS: The cross-sectional study group consisted of 109 patients with menstrual migraine, and the control group consisted of 397 female patients with non-menstrual migraine. In total, 506 patients completed questionnaires for demographic and clinical information, the Self-rating Idea of Suicide Scale, the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, the Headache Impact Test-6, the Perceived Social Support Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Health-related quality of life was measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey. RESULTS: Compared with non-menstrual migraine patients, five dimensions of health-related quality of life were all found to be significantly impaired in menstrual migraine patients. Headache frequency (ß = - 0.218, P = 0.014), the impact of headache on daily life (ß = - 0.270, P = 0.002), depression symptoms (ß = - 0.345, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with physical component summary, depression symptoms (ß = - 0.379, P < 0.001), social support (ß = 0.270, P < 0.001), suicidal ideation (ß = - 0.344, P < 0.001) were closely related to mental component summary. CONCLUSION: Menstrual migraine patients had a significantly poorer health-related quality of life in many domains than non-menstrual migraine patients. Headache frequency, the impact of headache on daily life, depression symptoms, social support, and suicidal ideation were significantly associated with health-related quality of life in menstrual migraine patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR1800014343. This study was registered prospectively on 7 January 2018 at Chinese Clinical Trial registry. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=24526.

Transcriptome analysis of two bloom-forming Prorocentrum species reveals physiological changes related to light and temperature.

Temperature and light substantially influence red tide succession. However, it remains unclear whether the molecular mechanisms differ among species. In this study, we measured the variation in the physiological parameters of growth and pigments and transcriptional levels of two bloom-forming dinoflagellates, namely Prorocentrum micans and P. cordatum. This was undertaken in four treatments that represented two factorial temperature combinations (LT: 20 °C, HT: 28 °C) and light conditions (LL: 50 µmol photons m-2 s-1, HL: 400 µmol photons m-2 s-1) for 7-day batch culture. Growth under high temperature and high light (HTHL) was the fastest, while growth under high temperature and low light (HTLL) was the slowest. The pigments (chlorophyll a and carotenoids) decreased significantly in all high light (HL) treatments, but not in high temperature (HT) treatments. HL alleviated the low light-caused photolimitation and enhanced the growth of both species at low temperatures. However, HT inhibited the growth of both species by inducing oxidative stress under low light conditions. HL mitigated the HT-induced stress on growth in both species by upregulating photosynthesis, antioxidase activity, protein folding, and degradation. The cells of P. micans were more sensitive to HT and HL than those of P. cordatum. This study deepens our understanding of the species-specific mechanism of dinoflagellates at the transcriptomic level, adapting to the future ocean changes including higher solar radiation and higher temperatures in the upper mixed layer.

Multicenter analysis on the non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and related influencing factors-A case study of left-behind children in northeastern Sichuan.

BACKGROUND: Few studies have been conducted focusing on the non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) incidence rate and influencing factors among left-behind children in northeastern Sichuan, China. In this study, we investigated the incidence rate of the NSSI behaviors, levels of anxiety and depression in left-behind children in northeastern Sichuan, and relevant sociodemographic factors. METHODS: The NSSI behaviors were identified using the Ottawa Self-injury Inventory (Chinese version). Its incidence rate and related influencing factors were evaluated by Cluster sampling; the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21) was adopted to assess the levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. RESULTS: A total of 9450 adolescents met the inclusion criteria, including 543 with NSSI behaviors, and the prevalence of NSSI was 5.7 %. There were 3596 left-behind children, and 243 of them had NSSI behaviors, the NSSI incidence in left-behind children was 6.8 %. There were 5854 non-left-behind children, and the NSSI incidence in non-left-behind children was 5.1 %. Left-behind children's NSSI behaviors were remarkably correlated with five risk factors: being female (OR = 2.411, 95%CI = 1.773-3.279), parents' divorce (OR = 1.742, 95%CI = 1.262-2.404), elder age (OR = 1.120, 95%CI = 1.028-1.219), severe depression (OR = 1.212, 95%CI = 1.148-1.281), and high anxiety (OR = 1.170, 95%CI = 1.093-1.251). LIMITATIONS: This is a cross-sectional study, we cannot probe into the causality between NSSI behaviors and corresponding risk factors. Reporting and recalling biases may be unavoidable as questionnaires are performed by self-rating scales and retrospective reports. CONCLUSION: The NSSI behaviors are common in left-behind children in northeastern Sichuan. This study proposes that prevention and intervention measures are necessary for the healthy growth of such children.

Antagonistic and synergistic effects of warming and microplastics on microalgae: Case study of the red tide species Prorocentrum donghaiense.

Bibliometric network analysis has revealed that the widespread distribution of microplastics (MPs) has detrimental effects on marine organisms; however, the combined effects of MPs and climate change (e.g., warming) is not well understood. In this study, Prorocentrum donghaiense, a typical red tide species in the East China Sea, was exposed to different MP concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10 mg L-1) and temperatures (16, 22, and 28 °C) for 7 days to investigate the combined effects of MPs and simulated ocean warming by measuring different physiological parameters, such as cell growth, pigment contents (chlorophyll a and carotenoid), relative electron transfer rate (rETR), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The results demonstrated that MPs significantly decreased cell growth, pigment contents, and rETRmax, but increased the MDA, ROS, and SOD levels for all MP treatments at low temperature (16 °C). However, high temperatures (22 and 28 °C) increased the pigment contents and rETRmax, but decreased the SOD and MDA levels. Positive and negative effects of high temperatures (22 or 28 °C) were observed at low (1 and 5 mg L-1) and high MP (10 mg L-1) concentrations, respectively, indicating the antagonistic and synergistic effects of combined warming and MP pollution. These results imply that the effects of MPs on microalgae will likely not be substantial in future warming scenarios if MP concentrations are controlled at a certain level. These findings expand the current knowledge of microalgae in response to increasing MP pollution in future warming scenarios.

The responses of harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi to simulated ocean acidification at the transcriptional level.

The HAB-forming, toxic dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi, previously found to benefit from ocean acidification (OA), was cultivated to investigate its transcriptional response to simulated OA for 30 generations. Batch cultures were grown under two CO2 concentrations, 450 (control) and 1100 (simulated OA) µatm, and physiological parameters [growth, pigments, catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity], as well as transcriptomes (obtained via RNA-seq), were compared. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Caro) contents, as well as CAT and GR activities, were significantly increased under OA conditions. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 2,490 differentially expressed unigenes in response to OA, which comprised 1.54% of all unigenes. A total of 1,121 unigenes were upregulated, and 1,369 unigenes were downregulated in OA compared to control conditions. The downregulated expression of bicarbonate transporter and carbonic anhydrase genes was a landmark of OA acclimation. Key genes involved in energy metabolism, e.g., photosynthesis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and nitrogen metabolism, were highly upregulated under OA, contributing to increases in the Chl a (55.05%) and Caro (28.37%). The enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities (i.e. CAT, GR) and upregulated genes (i.e. glutathione peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, heat shock protein, 20S proteasome, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and apolipoprotein) benefit cells against the potential lower pH stress condition under OA. In addition, the downregulation of four genes associated with motility suggested that the preserved energy could further boost growth. In conclusion, the present study suggests that K. mikimotoi exhibits efficient gene expression regulation for the utilization of energy and resistance to OA-induced stress. Taken together, K. mikimotoi appeared as a tolerant species in response to OA. Thus, more extensive algal blooms that threaten marine organisms are likely in the future. These findings expand current knowledge on the gene expression of HAB-forming species in response to future OA.

Associations between coping styles, gender, their interaction and non-suicidal self-injury among middle school students in rural west China: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Background: To investigate the association between coping styles, gender, their interactions and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviors among middle school students in rural western China under COVID-19. Methods: A multicentre cross-sectional study method was used to conduct an online survey of 8,361 students from 23 middle schools in the northern Sichuan region by clustering sampling, using the General Information Questionnaire, the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory, and the Coping Style Scale for Middle School Students. Results: The past year prevalence of NSSI among middle school students in rural west China was 5.7%. The differences in scores between those with and without NSSI on all dimensions of coping styles were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that vocational high school (OR = 1.67), girls (OR = 2.5), single parent with divorced parents (OR = 1.89), remarriage with divorced parents (OR = 1.81), and tolerance (OR = 1.17), venting emotions (OR = 1.15) and fantasy/denial (OR = 1.07) in coping styles may increase the risk of NSSI among middle school students, while problem solving (OR = 0.9) and seeking social support (OR = 0.9) among coping styles may reduce the risk of NSSI among middle school students. The interaction results show that gender has a moderating role in the process of endurance, avoidance, venting of emotions, and fantasy/denial influencing non-suicidal self-injury in middle school students. Conclusion: There is an association between coping styles and self-injury among middle school students in rural areas in western China, with gender playing a moderating role. Active attention should be paid to students' coping styles and encouraging them to adopt positive coping styles as well as avoid negative coping styles, especially in the case of girls, which can help prevent self-injury.