Preliminary study of finger temperature recovery in patients with diabetes mellitus following cold stimulation.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the difference in temperature recovery following cold stimulation between participants with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The participants without (control group; n = 25) and with (DM group; n = 26) DM were subjected to local cold stimulation (10º C for 90 s). The thermal images of their hands were continuously captured using a thermal camera within 7 min following cold stimulation, and the highest temperature of each fingertip was calculated. According to the temperature values at different timepoints, the temperature recovery curves were drawn, and the baseline temperature (T-base), initial temperature after cooling (T0), temperature decline amplitude (T-range), and area under the temperature recovery curve > T0 (S) were calculated. Finally, symmetry differences between the two groups were analysed. RESULTS: No statistical differences in the T-base, T0, and T-range were observed between the DM and control groups. After drawing the rewarming curve according to the temperature of the fingertips of the patients following cold stimulation, the S in the DM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the asymmetry of the base temperature of the hand was observed in the DM group. CONCLUSIONS: Following cold stimulation, the patients with DM exhibited a different rewarming pattern than those without DM. Thus, cold stimulation tests under infrared thermography may contribute to the early screening of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in future.

Atomic-scale observation of non-classical nucleation-mediated phase transformation in a titanium alloy.

Two-phase titanium-based alloys are widely used in aerospace and biomedical applications, and they are obtained through phase transformations between a low-temperature hexagonal closed-packed α-phase and a high-temperature body-centred cubic ß-phase. Understanding how a new phase evolves from its parent phase is critical to controlling the transforming microstructures and thus material properties. Here, we report time-resolved experimental evidence, at sub-ångström resolution, of a non-classically nucleated metastable phase that bridges the α-phase and the ß-phase, in a technologically important titanium-molybdenum alloy. We observed a nanosized and chemically ordered superstructure in the α-phase matrix; its composition, chemical order and crystal structure are all found to be different from both the parent and the product phases, but instigating a vanishingly low energy barrier for the transformation into the ß-phase. This latter phase transition can proceed instantly via vibrational switching when the molybdenum concentration in the superstructure exceeds a critical value. We expect that such a non-classical phase evolution mechanism is much more common than previously believed for solid-state transformations.

Visible-light-mediated difunctionalization of vinylcyclopropanes for the synthesis of 1-sulfonylmethyl-3,4-dihydronaphthalenes.

An efficient method for visible-light-mediated sulfonylation/arylation of the C-C σ-bond in vinylcyclopropanes with sulfonyl chlorides to synthesize 1-sulfonylmethyl-substituted 3,4-dihydronaphalenes has been developed. A radical-type pathway has been proved in this transformation. This difunctionalization procedure shows a series of advantages, such as the use of commercially and easily available sulfonyl chlorides, mild conditions, and eco-friendly energy.

Arabidopsis CALCIUM-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE8 and CATALASE3 Function in Abscisic Acid-Mediated Signaling and H2O2 Homeostasis in Stomatal Guard Cells under Drought Stress.

Drought is a major threat to plant growth and crop productivity. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs, CPKs) are believed to play important roles in plant responses to drought stress. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana CPK8 functions in abscisic acid (ABA)- and Ca(2+)-mediated plant responses to drought stress. The cpk8 mutant was more sensitive to drought stress than wild-type plants, while the transgenic plants overexpressing CPK8 showed enhanced tolerance to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. ABA-, H2O2-, and Ca(2+)-induced stomatal closing were impaired in cpk8 mutants. Arabidopsis CATALASE3 (CAT3) was identified as a CPK8-interacting protein, confirmed by yeast two-hybrid, coimmunoprecipitation, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. CPK8 can phosphorylate CAT3 at Ser-261 and regulate its activity. Both cpk8 and cat3 plants showed lower catalase activity and higher accumulation of H2O2 compared with wild-type plants. The cat3 mutant displayed a similar drought stress-sensitive phenotype as cpk8 mutant. Moreover, ABA and Ca(2+) inhibition of inward K(+) currents were diminished in guard cells of cpk8 and cat3 mutants. Together, these results demonstrated that CPK8 functions in ABA-mediated stomatal regulation in responses to drought stress through regulation of CAT3 activity.

Ca2+-dependent protein kinase11 and 24 modulate the activity of the inward rectifying K+ channels in Arabidopsis pollen tubes.

Potassium (K(+)) influx into pollen tubes via K(+) transporters is essential for pollen tube growth; however, the mechanism by which K(+) transporters are regulated in pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana Ca(2+)-dependent protein kinase11 (CPK11) and CPK24 are involved in Ca(2+)-dependent regulation of the inward K(+) (K(+)in) channels in pollen tubes. Using patch-clamp analysis, we demonstrated that K(+)in currents of pollen tube protoplasts were inhibited by elevated [Ca(2+)]cyt. However, disruption of CPK11 or CPK24 completely impaired the Ca(2+)-dependent inhibition of K(+)in currents and enhanced pollen tube growth. Moreover, the cpk11 cpk24 double mutant exhibited similar phenotypes as the corresponding single mutants, suggesting that these two CDPKs function in the same signaling pathway. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that CPK11 could interact with CPK24 in vivo. Furthermore, CPK11 phosphorylated the N terminus of CPK24 in vitro, suggesting that these two CDPKs work together as part of a kinase cascade. Electrophysiological assays demonstrated that the Shaker pollen K(+)in channel is the main contributor to pollen tube K(+)in currents and acts as the downstream target of the CPK11-CPK24 pathway. We conclude that CPK11 and CPK24 together mediate the Ca(2+)-dependent inhibition of K(+)in channels and participate in the regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis.

The Efficacy and Safety of Shashen-Maidong Decoction Combined with Western Medicine in the Treatment of Omicron Infected Individuals Over 85 Years Old: A Retrospective Study.

Background: During the Omicron variant outbreak of COVID-19 (2022-2023), Chinese healthcare institutions combined traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) with Western medical practices to treat COVID-19 patients, especially the elderly. The efficacy and safety of this approach, especially for individuals aged over 85, need further investigation. Methods: In this retrospective study, a cohort of 62 patients aged over 85 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection, was examined. Among them, 34 patients were administered Shashen-Maidong decoction in conjunction with Western medicine (SMD+WM group), while the remaining 28 patients received only Western medicine (WM group). Comparative analysis was conducted between the two groups, encompassing parameters such as the duration for the nucleic acid test to turn negative, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality rate, utilization of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNC), occurrence of endo-tracheal intubation, frequency of recurrent respiratory infections within three months, and various laboratory indicators. Results: There were no significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of the duration for the nucleic acid test to turn negative, the length of ICU stay, mortality rate, utilization of HFNC, performance of endo-tracheal intubation, or the frequency of recurrent respiratory infections within three months (P > 0.05). However, in comparison to the WM group, the SMD+WM group exhibited notably lower growth rates in white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil (NEUT) values. Additionally, the SMD+WM group demonstrated superior improvement in cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) values. Conclusion: In contrast to the administration of Western medicine alone, the combined use of Shashen-Maidong decoction with Western medicine significantly suppresses the increase in WBC count, particularly in NEUT levels, in elderly patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Moreover, this combined treatment exhibits a protective effect on cardiac function and demonstrates a relatively safe profile.

Thermographic evaluation of acupoints in lower limb region of individuals with osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional case-control study protocol.

PURPOSE: Acupuncture has been widely used in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA), but the selection of acupoints is indeterminate and lacks biological basis. The skin temperature of acupoints can reflect the state of local tissue and may be a potential factor for guiding acupoint selection. This study aims to compare the skin temperature of acupoints between KOA patients and the healthy population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a protocol for a cross-sectional case-control study with 170 KOA patients and 170 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals. Diagnosed patients aged 45 to 70 will be recruited in the KOA group. Participants in the healthy group will be matched with the KOA group based on mean age and gender distribution. Skin temperature of 11 acupoints (ST35, EX-LE5, GB33, GB34, EX-LE2, ST34, ST36, GB39, BL40, SP9, SP10) will be extracted from infrared thermography (IRT) images of the lower limbs. Other measurements will include demographic data (gender, age, ethnicity, education, height, weight, BMI) and disease-related data (numerical rating scale, pain sites, duration of pain, pain descriptors, pain activities). DISCUSSION: The results of this study will provide biological evidence for acupoint selection. This study is a precondition for follow-up studies, in which the value of optimized acupoint selection will be verified. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR2200058867.

CREB1 promotes proliferation and differentiation by mediating the transcription of CCNA2 and MYOG in bovine myoblasts.

The cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) is an important nuclear transcription factor in eukaryotes. To explore the potential role of CREB1 on Qinchuan bovine skeletal myoblasts, we investigated the function of CREB1 on proliferation and differentiation. In this study, we found that CREB1 promoted cell proliferation by promoting DNA synthesis in S phase and cell division in G2 phase and promoted myogenic differentiation process in bovine myoblasts. Through dual luciferase experiments, we found that CREB1 can bind to the proximal promoter regions of CCNA2 and MyoG, indicating that CREB1 can play a positive regulatory role in the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts by mediating the transcription of CCNA2 and MyoG. In addition, through downstream target gene analysis and transcriptome sequencing, we found that CREB1 plays a role in cell proliferation, myogenic differentiation, skeletal muscle repair and other related pathways.

An exploration of new methods for metabolic syndrome examination by infrared thermography and knowledge mining.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical syndrome with multiple metabolic disorders. As the diagnostic criteria for MS still lacking of imaging laboratory method, this study aimed to explore the differences between healthy people and MS patients through infrared thermography (IRT). However, the observation region of the IRT image is uncertain, and the research tried to solve this problem with the help of knowledge mining technology. 43 MS participants were randomly included through a cross-sectional method, and 43 healthy participants were recruited through number matching. The IRT image of each participant was segmented into the region of interest (ROI) through the preprocessing method proposed in this research, and then the ROI features were granulated by the K-means algorithm to generate the formal background, and finally, the two formal background were separately built into a knowledge graph through the knowledge mining method based on the attribute partial order structure. The baseline data shows that there is no difference in age, gender, and height between the two groups (P > 0.05). The image preprocessing method can segment the IRT image into 18 ROI. Through the K-means method, each group of data can be separately established with a 43 × 36 formal background and generated a knowledge graph. It can be found through knowledge mining and independent-samples T test that the average temperature and maximum temperature difference between the chest and face of the two groups are statistically different (P < 0.01). IRT could reflect the difference between healthy people and MS people. The measurement regions were found by the method of knowledge mining on the premise of unknown. The method proposed in this paper may add a new imaging method for MS laboratory examinations, and at the same time, through knowledge mining, it can also expand a new idea for clinical research of IRT.

A Preliminary Study on Infrared Thermograph of Metabolic Syndrome.

Objective: To explore the temperature distribution characteristics of the face, palms, feet and the trunk area of metabolic syndrome (MS) through infrared thermography (IRT) and provide evidence for the application of IRT in the assistant evaluation of MS population. Methods: We collected thermographs of 184 participants (91 males, 93 females) and further divided participants of each gender into 4 groups according to the number of abnormal metabolic indexes. Mean temperatures of 6 Region of Interests (ROIs) (face, anterior trunk, bilateral palms and dorsum of feet) were calculated. Comparisons of the mean temperatures between genders, among groups and ROIs were carried out. Results: Male participants had higher mean temperature in their face, palms (P<0.01) and dorsum of feet (P<0.05), and lower mean temperature in the anterior trunk (P<0.01). Female participants with MS had higher mean temperature in their palms and dorsum of feet (P<0.01) and lower mean temperature in the anterior trunk (P<0.01) than normal participants. Similar tendencies were shown in the mean temperature of the left palms and trunk of MS males. With the increase of the number of abnormal metabolic indexes, it seems that the mean temperature gradually increased in palms and dorsum of feet, and decreased in the anterior trunk. Conclusion: The thermograph of MS exhibits certain characteristics. This may help reveal the correlations between Infrared thermography and metabolic disorders.

A general and robust analytical method for interface normal determination in TEM.

This paper presents a new analytical method to determine interface normals from a series of bright/dark field images taken from arbitrary orientations. This approach, based on a general geometrical model of interface projection, provides a generalized formulation of existing methods. It can treat an excessive number of inputs, i.e. orientation conditions. Given 6 or more sets of inputs, even with considerable experimental errors, we prove that this method is still very likely to yield results with satisfactory accuracy. The robustness of the method can thus allow its implementation in problems dealing with a large amount of data. We show that this method can also be applied to determine 1D features or to check the planarity of microstructural features.

Characterization of alpha-nitromethyl ketone as a new zinc-binding group based on structural analysis of its complex with carboxypeptidase A.

Zinc-binding groups (ZBGs) are exhaustively applied in the development of the new inhibitors against a wide variety of physiologically and pathologically important zinc proteases. Here the alpha-nitro ketone was presented as a new ZBG, which is a transition-state analog featured by the unique bifurcated hydrogen bonds at the active site of carboxypeptidase A based on the structural analysis. Introduction of a nitro group at the alpha-position of the ketone could provide more non-covalent interactions without loss of the abilities to form a tetrahedral transition-state analog.

[Repair of soft-tissue defect of amputation stumps of the forearm with free flap from the traumatic amputated extremity].

OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical results of the repair of soft-tissue defect of amputation stumps of the forearm with free flap from the traumatic amputated extremity. METHODS: Five patients, 4 males and 1 female, aged 32 (22 - 43), with soft-tissue defect of the remaining stump of the traumatic amputation of the forearm, 3 cases in the right forearm and 2 cases in the left forearm, underwent repair of the defect by free flap from the traumatic amputated extremity with the size of the flaps ranging from 8 cm x 9 cm to 9 cm x 12 cm. The patients were followed up for 2.6 years (1.5 - 3.5 years). RESULTS: Superficial infection occurred in one patient postoperatively and the wound was gradually healed by daily wound dressings. All the flaps survived completely with satisfactory clinical results. The cosmetic appearance on the recipient area was good and the function of the elbow recovered satisfactorily. CONCLUSION: The flap from the traumatic amputated extremity has a constant vascular anatomy and a long vascular pedicle, so that dissection of the flap can be accomplished easily. The surgery allows to preserve the functional length or the elbow function of the remaining stump of the traumatic amputation.

Genome-wide landscape of position effects on heterogeneous gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

BACKGROUND: Integration of heterogeneous genes is widely applied in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. However, knowledge about the effect of integrative position on gene expression remains limited. RESULTS: We established a genome-wide landscape of position effect on gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The expression cassette of red fluorescence protein (RFP) gene was constructed and inserted at 1044 loci, which were scattered uniformly in the yeast genome. Due to the different integrative loci on the genome, the maximum relative intensity of RFP is more than 13-fold over the minimum. Plots of the number of strains to RFP relative intensity showed normal distribution, indicating significant position effect on gene expression in yeast. Furthermore, changing the promoters or reporter genes, as well as carbon sources, revealed little consequences on reporter gene expression, indicating chromosomal location is the major determinant of reporter gene expression. CONCLUSIONS: We have examined the position effects to integration genes expression in large number loci around whole genome in S. cerevisiae. The results could guide the design of integration loci for exogenous genes and pathways to maximize their expression in metabolic engineering.

Bug mapping and fitness testing of chemically synthesized chromosome X.

Debugging a genome sequence is imperative for successfully building a synthetic genome. As part of the effort to build a designer eukaryotic genome, yeast synthetic chromosome X (synX), designed as 707,459 base pairs, was synthesized chemically. SynX exhibited good fitness under a wide variety of conditions. A highly efficient mapping strategy called pooled PCRTag mapping (PoPM), which can be generalized to any watermarked synthetic chromosome, was developed to identify genetic alterations that affect cell fitness ("bugs"). A series of bugs were corrected that included a large region bearing complex amplifications, a growth defect mapping to a recoded sequence in FIP1, and a loxPsym site affecting promoter function of ATP2 PoPM is a powerful tool for synthetic yeast genome debugging and an efficient strategy for phenotype-genotype mapping.

"Perfect" designer chromosome V and behavior of a ring derivative.

Perfect matching of an assembled physical sequence to a specified designed sequence is crucial to verify design principles in genome synthesis. We designed and de novo synthesized 536,024-base pair chromosome synV in the "Build-A-Genome China" course. We corrected an initial isolate of synV to perfectly match the designed sequence using integrative cotransformation and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated editing in 22 steps; synV strains exhibit high fitness under a variety of culture conditions, compared with that of wild-type V strains. A ring synV derivative was constructed, which is fully functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under all conditions tested and exhibits lower spore viability during meiosis. Ring synV chromosome can extends Sc2.0 design principles and provides a model with which to study genomic rearrangement, ring chromosome evolution, and human ring chromosome disorders.

[Ilizarov technique combined with flap instant expansion technique for the treatment of the tibia deformity with skin contracture at one stage].

OBJECTIVE: To discusses the necessity and methods of replantation for complete amputation of finger composite lateral tissue. METHODS: From March 2012 to April 2015, 62 cases of complete amputated finger lateral tissue for various causes were retrospectively analyzed, including 34 males and 28 females with an average age of 29.1 years old ranging from 17 to 52 years old, involved 27 cases of thumb, index finger in 15 cases, 13 cases of middle finger, ring finger in 8 cases, 2 cases of the little finger, 2 fingers were injured in 3 cases, 14 cases involving the distal interphalangeal joint. The time from injury to treatment was 30 min to 2 hour with an average of 1 hour. The appearance of the fingers, finger tip sensation and the recovery of the functional of the patients were followed up and observed. RESULTS: Of 62 cases, 58 cases survived, the survival time was 3 to 15 months with an average of 6.5 months. According to the Chinese medical association upper part of replantation function evaluation standard to assess efficacy trial, 52 cases were excellent, 3 cases were good, 3 cases were good, the excellent and good rate was 94.8%. CONCLUSIONS: The appearance and function is good after block from the broken replantation finger lateral organizations survive, as long as the patient general condition allows, away from the broken body is complete, there are available for blood vessels and nerves anastomosis, it should strive to reattach it.

Characteristics and mechanism of enzyme secretion and increase in [Ca2+]i in Saikosaponin(I) stimulated rat pancreatic acinar cells.

AIM: This investigation was to reveal the characteristics and mechanism of enzyme secretion and increase in [Ca2+]i stimulated by saikosaponin(I) (SA(I)) in rat pancreatic acini. METHODS: Pancreatic acini were prepared from male Wistar rats. Isolated acinar cells were suspended in Eagle's MEM solution. After adding drugs, the incubation was performed at 37 degrees for a set period of time. Amylase of supernatant was assayed using starch-iodide reaction. Isolated acinar single cell was incubated with Fura-2/AM at 37 degrees, then cells were washed and resuspended in fresh solution and attached to the chamber. Cytoplasm [Ca2+]i of a single cell was expressed by fluorescence ratio F340/F380 recorded in a Nikon PI Ca2+ measurement system. RESULTS: Rate course of amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) in rat pancreatic acini appeared in bell-like shape. The peak amplitude increased depended on SA(I) concentration. The maximum rate responded to 1 x 10(-5)mol/L SA(I) was 13.1-fold of basal and the rate decreased to basal level at 30 min. CCK-8 receptor antagonist Bt(2)-cGMP markedly inhibited amylase secretion stimulated by SA(I) and the dose-effect relationship was similar to that by CCK-8. [Ca2+]i in a single acinar cell rose to the peak at 5 min after adding 5 x 10(-6)mol/L SA(I) and was 5.1-fold of basal level. In addition, there was a secondary increase after the initial peak. GDP could inhibit both the rate of amylase secretion and rising of [Ca2+]i stimulated by SA(I) in a single pancreatic acinar cell. CONCLUSION: SA(I) is highly efficient in promoting the secretion of enzymes synthesized in rat pancreatic acini and raising intracellular [Ca2+]i. Signaling transduction pathway of SA(I) involves activating special membrane receptor and increase in cytoplasm [Ca2+]i sequentially.

Arabidopsis Di19 functions as a transcription factor and modulates PR1, PR2, and PR5 expression in response to drought stress.

The Arabidopsis Di19 (Drought-induced) gene family encodes seven Cys2/His2-type zinc-finger proteins, most with unknown functions. Here, we report that Di19 functioned as a transcriptional regulator and was involved in Arabidopsis responses to drought stress through up-regulation of pathogenesis-related PR1, PR2, and PR5 gene expressions. The Di19 T-DNA insertion mutant di19 was much more sensitive to drought stress, whereas the Di19-overexpressing lines were much more tolerant to drought stress compared with wild-type plants. Di19 exhibited transactivation activity in our yeast assay, and its transactivation activity was further confirmed in vivo. DNA-binding analysis revealed that Di19 could bind to the TACA(A/G)T element and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that Di19 could bind to the TACA(A/G)T element within the PR1, PR2, and PR5 promoters. qRT-PCR results showed that Di19 promoted the expressions of PR1, PR2, and PR5, and these heightened expressions were enhanced by CPK11, which interacted with Di19 in the nucleus. Similarly to the Di19-overexpressing line, PR1-, PR2-, and PR5-overexpressing lines also showed the drought-tolerant phenotype. The pre-treatment with salicylic acid analogs INA can enhance plants' drought tolerance. Taken together, these data demonstrate that Di19, a new type of transcription factor, directly up-regulates the expressions of PR1, PR2, and PR5 in response to drought stress, and its transactivation activity is enhanced by CPK11.

Effects on the expression of GABAA receptor subunits by jujuboside A treatment in rat hippocampal neurons.

AIM OF STUDY: To determine the effect of jujuboside A (JuA) in modulating the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor subunits gene expression of hippocampal neurons at different terms in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hippocampal neurons of rat were cultured in vitro, treated with JuA or diazepam (DZP). Then GABA(A) receptor mRNAs were evaluated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: JuA at the low dose of 41 microM (about 0.05 g/l) induced significant increase of GABA(A) receptor alpha1, alpha5, beta2 subunit mRNAs in both 24 and 72h treatments. JuA at the high dose of 82 microM (about 0.1g/l) significantly increased GABA(A) receptor alpha1, alpha5 subunit mRNA levels and decreased beta2 subunit mRNA level at 24h treatment, and decreased GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha1, beta2 mRNAs expression at 72h treatment. DZP of 10 microM significantly increased expression of GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha1, alpha5 and decreased expression of beta2 at 24h treatment, and decreased alpha1, alpha5, beta2 subunits gene expression at 72h treatment. CONCLUSION: Differences in alterations in GABA(A) receptor subunit mRNAs expression following JuA and DZP treatments could help to explain the differences in the pharmacological action of the two drugs.