Role of IL-9, IL-2RA, and IL-2RB genetic polymorphisms in coronary heart disease.

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of disability and death worldwide. Inflammatory cytokines play an essential role in the pathogenesis of CHD. This study aimed to detect the potential association between interleukin (IL)-9, IL-2RA, and IL-2RB variants and CHD in a Han Chinese population. METHODS: This case-control study included 499 CHD patients and 496 healthy controls. Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped to investigate the possible association between the polymorphisms and CHD risk. Interactions between SNPs and CHD risk were analyzed via multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). RESULTS: We observed an association between IL­9 rs55692658 (OR = 1.72, p = 0.003) and increased CHD risk. Age-stratified analysis indicated that regardless of the participants' age, IL­9 rs55692658 and IL-2RB rs1573673 contributed significantly to CHD susceptibility (p < 0.05, respectively). Results showed an association between IL­9 rs55692658 and an increased risk for CHD (OR = 2.32, p = 0.003), while IL-2RA rs12722498 was correlated with decreased susceptibility to CHD (OR = 0.54, p = 0.033) in female patients. Furthermore, IL-2RA rs12569923 was related to diabetes risk in CHD patients (OR = 1.50, p = 0.028). The MDR analysis revealed a positive interaction between the SNPs. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that IL­9 rs55692658, IL-2RA rs12569923, IL-2RA rs12722498, and IL-2RB rs3218264 polymorphisms might be related to CHD. The results require validation in larger studies.

Face-to-Face Mentoring, Remotely Supervised Home Exercise Prehabilitation to Improve Physical Function in Patients Awaiting Kidney Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: This study aims to explore the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of home exercise prehabilitation on a new social platform for remote guidance to optimize the physical function of patients with end-stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplantation and provide scientific guidance on home prehabilitation exercises for patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Methods: The subjects of this randomized clinical trial were randomly divided into the test and control groups. The control group maintained their exercise habits, while the trial group was given a 12-week personalized home prehabilitation exercise prescription (aerobic exercise + functional resistance exercise + flexibility exercise) on a new social platform with remote guidance. The participants' physical and cardiorespiratory fitness, quality of life, and psychological functioning were assessed before and after the intervention. The 6-min walk test (6MWT) walking distance and its percentage of attainment, the handgrip, the 5 repetition-sit-to-stand test, and the 4-m gait speed were used as primary outcome indicators, while the Short Form Health Survey SF-36 (health survey summary table) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale were used as the secondary outcome indicators. Results: After 12 weeks of intervention, the changes in the 6MWT measured distance (+ 44.9 ± 40.2, P = 0.001) and the percentage of 6MWT measured distance achieved (+ 6.8 ± 5.7, P = 0.001), the handgrip (+ 2.7 ± 4.3, P = 0.028), the 5-sit-to-stand test (-1.1 ± 1.4, P = 0.005), and the 4-m walking speed (-0.3 ± 0.4, P < 0.001) of the test group (n = 21) improved significantly. In the control group (n = 16), the changes in the 6MWT measured distance (-13.1 ± 57.2), the 6MWT measured distance attainment percentage (-2.1 ± 9.1), the handgrip (-0.1 ± 2.5), the 5-sit-to-stand test value (0.6 ± 2.2), and the 4-m walking speed (0.2 ± 0.5) showed no significant difference. No significant improvement in anxiety, depression, and SF-36 was noted in both the test and control groups. Conclusion: The remote coaching of home exercise pre-habilitation on a new social platform significantly improves the physical and cardiopulmonary fitness of patients with end-stage renal disease awaiting kidney transplantation. This treatment is safe and feasible in this population.

Study on the effect of pre-rehabilitation home-based on patients undergoing kidney transplantation with end-stage renal disease: A study protocol.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the feasibility of ERAS-based home exercise pre-rehabilitation in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. METHODOLOGY: The proposed feasibility trial will be a single-arm, single-center study. A total of 47 ESRD patients awaiting kidney transplantation will be selected as subjects to undergo personalized family exercise pre-rehabilitation, including aerobic exercise, functional resistance exercise, and flexibility training. Briefly, a 6-minute walking test (6MWT), 4-meter gait speed, grip strength, and sit-to-stand test will be used as the main outcome indicators. The effect of family exercise pre-rehabilitation on the optimization of body function in ESRD patients undergoing kidney transplantation will be assessed. The days of hospitalization after kidney transplantation, postoperative complications, health survey (the Short Form Health Survey, SF-36), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) will be used as secondary outcome indicators to evaluate the improvement of quality of life, psychological function, and postoperative rehabilitation of patients after kidney transplantation. These indexes will be collected before and after intervention (baseline and before kidney transplantation), before discharge (after kidney transplantation), and 1 month after discharge. CONCLUSION: This study will evaluate the effect of ERAS-based home exercise pre-rehabilitation on patients awaiting kidney transplantation, and possibly determine an application protocol for this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000037846. Registered on September 2, 2020.

NT5C2 Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND: Increasing studies have reported that 5'-nucleotidase cytosolic II (NT5C2) has a strong relationship with coronary heart disease (CHD) development. This study was designed to examine the relationship between NT5C2 polymorphisms and CHD in the Chinese Han population. METHODS: We studied 501 CHD patients and 496 healthy controls from the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University in Hainan Province, China. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in NT5C2 were selected and genotyped using Agena MassARRAY technology. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression after adjusting for age and gender. Stratification analysis was performed by age and gender in all individuals; we especially investigated the effects of NT5C2 SNPs on hypertension and diabetes among CHD patients. RESULTS: rs2148198 of NT5C2 was strongly associated with an increased risk of CHD (allele: p = 0.045; codominant: p = 0.007; additive: p = 0.016). Stratified analysis revealed that rs2148198 was associated with increased CHD risk in individuals aged ≤61 years and males. For CHD patients, rs2148198 significantly affected the risk of hypertension and diabetes (p < 0.05). Further, rs79237883 of NT5C2 was associated with decreased susceptibility to hypertension in multiple genetic models for individuals with CHD (allele: p = 0.007; codominant: p = 0.001; dominant: p = 0.001; additive: p = 0.008). CONCLUSION: This study reports the association of NT5C2 gene variants and CHD susceptibility in the Chinese Han population. Especially, NT5C2 rs2148198 was significantly associated with CHD risk in the subgroups of males, hypertension, and diabetes.