Preparation of Multifunctional Hydrogels with In Situ Dual Network Structure and Promotion of Wound Healing.

As an emerging biomedical material, wound dressings play an important therapeutic function in the process of wound healing. It can provide an ideal healing environment while protecting the wound from a complex external environment. A hydrogel wound dressing composed of tilapia skin gelatin (Tsg) and fucoidan (Fuc) was designed in this article to enhance the microenvironment of wound treatment and stimulate wound healing. By mixing horseradish peroxidase (HRP), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), tilapia skin gelatin-tyramine (Tsg-Tyr), and carboxylated fucoidan-tyramine in agarose (Aga), using the catalytic cross-linking of HRP/H2O2 and the sol-gel transformation of Aga, a novel gelatin-fucoidan (TF) double network hydrogel wound dressing was constructed. The TF hydrogels have a fast and adjustable gelation time, and the addition of Aga further enhances the stability of the hydrogels. Moreover, Tsg and Fuc are coordinated with each other in terms of biological efficacy, and the TF hydrogel demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties and biocompatibility in vitro. Also, in vivo wound healing experiments showed that the TF hydrogel could effectively accelerate wound healing, reduce wound microbial colonization, alleviate inflammation, and promote collagen deposition and angiogenesis. In conclusion, TF hydrogel wound dressings have the potential to replace traditional dressings in wound healing.

Novel Sustained Release Azithromycin Resinate Fabricated by One-Pot Ion-exchange Performed in Hydro-alcoholic Solution.

Drug-resin complexes usually form in the aqueous phase. For poorly water-soluble drugs, low drug loading limits the use of resin in drug formulation. In this study, we used a new method to prepare azithromycin resinates, improving the drug loading rate, shortening the preparation time and simplifying the process. We used hydro-alcoholic solution as the drug loading solvent and the ion exchange resin as the carrier, and this method enabled the resin to adsorb both the retardant and the drug. The sustained release effect of retardant Eudragit RL, RS100 was analyzed. Drug loading efficiency, release profiles, morphology, physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetic study were assessed. Preparation of drug resinate by batch method resulted in 14% higher drug loading of azithromycin and 3.5 h shorter loading time as compared to pure water for hydroalcoholic solution as drug loading solvent. Raman mappings demonstrated that the retardant with higher molecular weight was more likely to adsorb to the outer layer of the resin compared to the drug. The in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetic study of azithromycin resinates showed a sustained release profile with few gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, the addition of ethanol not only improved the efficiency of drug loading but also showed sustained-release effect with one-pot preparation of azithromycin resinates.

A physicochemical double-cross-linked gelatin hydrogel with enhanced antibacterial and anti-inflammatory capabilities for improving wound healing.

BACKGROUND: Skin tissue is vital in protecting the body from injuries and bacterial infections. Wound infection caused by bacterial colonization is one of the main factors hindering wound healing. Wound infection caused by colonization of a large number of bacteria can cause the wound to enter a continuous stage of inflammation, which delays wound healing. Hydrogel wound dressing is composed of natural and synthetic polymers, which can absorb tissue fluid, improve the local microenvironment of wound, and promote wound healing. However, in the preparation process of hydrogel, the complex preparation process and poor biological efficacy limit the application of hydrogel wound dressing in complex wound environment. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop and prepare hydrogel dressings with simple technology, good physical properties and biological effects by using natural polymers. RESULTS: In this study, a gelatin-based (Tsg-THA&Fe) hydrogel was created by mixing trivalent iron (Fe3+) and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde (THA) to form a complex (THA&Fe), followed by a simple Schiff base reaction with tilapia skin gelatin (Tsg). The gel time and rheological properties of the hydrogels were adjusted by controlling the number of complexes. The dynamic cross-linking of the coordination bonds (o-phthalmictriol-Fe3+) and Schiff base bonds allows hydrogels to have good self-healing and injectable properties. In vitro experiments confirmed that the hydrogel had good biocompatibility and biodegradability as well as adhesion, hemostasis, and antibacterial properties. The feasibility of Tsg-THA&Fe hydrogel was studied by treating rat skin trauma model. The results showed that compared with Comfeel® Plus Transparent dressing, the Tsg-THA&Fe hydrogel could obvious reduce the number of microorganisms, prevent bacterial colonization, reduce inflammation and accelerate wound healing. Local distribution of the Tsg-THA&Fe hydrogel in the skin tissue did not cause organ toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the preparation process of Tsg-THA&Fe hydrogel is simple, with excellent performance in physical properties and biological efficacy. It can effectively relieve inflammation and control the colonization of wound microbes, and can be used as a multi-functional dressing to improve wound healing.

Joint Resource Allocation in Secure OFDM Two-Way Untrusted Relay System.

The security issue of wireless communication is a common concern because of its broadcast nature, especially when the relay becomes an eavesdropper. In the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) relay system, when the relay is untrusted, the security of the system faces serious threats. Although there exist some resource allocation schemes in a single-carrier system with untrusted relaying, it is difficult to apply them to the multi-carrier system. Hence, a resource allocation scheme for the multi-carrier system is needed. Compared to the one-way relay system, a two-way relay system can improve the data transmission efficiency. In this paper, we consider joint secure resource allocation for a two-way cooperative OFDM system with an untrusted relay. The joint resource allocation problem of power allocation and subcarrier pairing is formulated to maximize the sum secrecy rate of the system under individual power constraints. To solve the non-convex problem efficiently, we propose an algorithm based on the alternative optimization method. The proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulation results and compared with the benchmarks in the literature. According to the numerical results, in a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) scenario, the proposed algorithm improves the achievable sum secrecy rate of the system by more than 15% over conventional algorithms.

Progesterone Phospholipid Gel for Intramuscular Administration Prepared by In Situ-Phase Separation.

Long-term daily injection of progesterone for the treatment of threatened abortion can be a source of considerable pain to patients. To reduce the frequency of injections and improve patient compliance, a novel injectable phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG) was prepared using small molecular materials such as phospholipids, medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), and ethanol. Progesterone was loaded into PPSGs to promote rapid gel formation in situ via a sol-gel transformation mechanism, thereby achieving a sustained controlled release. Furthermore, progesterone was distributed in the oil-water interface layer and within the oil phase. Solvent exchange drives phase transitions, and phospholipid vesicle formation and rupture are likely to promote drug release and gel degradation. At a drug loading of 140 mg/mL, a progesterone release of up to 60% could be reached within 9 days according to the release curve in vitro. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the progesterone-loaded PPSGs released the drug continuously for over 7 days, the half-life was eight times higher than that of progesterone oil solution, and relative bioavailability of up to 184.90% was obtained. Collectively, the sustained release properties for hydrophobic cargos would effectively enhance patient compliance. Moreover, PPSGs are promising drug delivery systems that have high market value and biosafety given the readily accessible and safe excipients.

Chemical, Thermal, Time, and Enzymatic Stability of Silk Materials with Silk I Structure.

The crystalline structure of silk fibroin Silk I is generally considered to be a metastable structure; however, there is no definite conclusion under what circumstances this crystalline structure is stable or the crystal form will change. In this study, silk fibroin solution was prepared from B. Mori silkworm cocoons, and a combined method of freeze-crystallization and freeze-drying at different temperatures was used to obtain stable Silk I crystalline material and uncrystallized silk material, respectively. Different concentrations of methanol and ethanol were used to soak the two materials with different time periods to investigate the effect of immersion treatments on the crystalline structure of silk fibroin materials. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman scattering spectroscopy (Raman), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the structure of silk fibroin before and after the treatments. The results showed that, after immersion treatments, uncrystallized silk fibroin material with random coil structure was transformed into Silk II crystal structure, while the silk material with dominated Silk I crystal structure showed good long-term stability without obvious transition to Silk II crystal structure. α-chymotrypsin biodegradation study showed that the crystalline structure of silk fibroin Silk I materials is enzymatically degradable with a much lower rate compared to uncrystallized silk materials. The crystalline structure of Silk I materials demonstrate a good long-term stability, endurance to alcohol sterilization without structural changes, and can be applied to many emerging fields, such as biomedical materials, sustainable materials, and biosensors.

Effect of citric acid on physicochemical properties and protein structure of low-salt restructured tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) meat products.

BACKGROUND: The growing consumer demand for healthy products has encouraged the development of low-salt meat products. In this study, to develop low-salt restructured tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) meat products, citric acid was used to improve the properties of restructured tilapia products. RESULTS: In comparison with control restructured fish products (RP) and surimi products (SP), 0.2% citric acid-treated restructured fish products (RPC) and surimi products (SPC) showed a significant decrease in expressible water and water activity and a remarkable increase in whiteness, dry matter, hardness, chewiness, gumminess, and acceptability. Mechanistic studies suggested that citric acid significantly changed the content of total protein and myofibrillar proteins and promoted degradation of heavy myosin chains. Fourier-transform infrared and Raman spectra revealed the citric acid-mediated alteration in the peak intensities of amide I and amide II bands, which changed the secondary structures of RPC and SPC. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to prepare low-salt restructured tilapia meat products using citric acid, which offers a means of using muscle by-products and exploiting new functional products with an added commercial value. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

ATP responsive DNA nanogels grown on biocompatible branches for anticancer drug delivery.

We developed biocompatible ATP responsive DNA nanogels, by grafting DNA strands on carboxymethyl chitosan polymer chains, and then hybridizing with ATP aptamers to form core-shell nanogels. The DNA duplex structure could embed DOX in the G-C sequences, and realize simultaneous sol-gel transition and DOX release when suffering enrich ATP in tumor cells.

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Sialoglycopeptide Promoting Osteogenesis from Gadus morhua Eggs.

Gadus morhua eggs contain several nutrients, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, lecithin and glycoproteins. A novel sialoglycopeptide from the eggs of G. morhua (Gm-SGPP) was extracted with 90% phenol and purified by Q Sepharose Fast Flow (QFF) ion exchange chromatography, followed by S-300 gel filtration chromatography. Gm-SGPP contained 63.7% carbohydrate, 16.2% protein and 18.6% N-acetylneuraminic acid. High-performance size exclusion chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) demonstrated that Gm-SGPP is a 7000-Da pure sialoglycopeptide. ß-elimination reaction suggested that Gm-SGPP contained N-glycan units. Amino acid N-terminal sequence analysis indicated the presence of Ala-Ser-Asn-Gly-Thr-Gln-Ala-Pro amino acid sequence. Moreover, N-glycan was connected at the third Asn location of the peptide chain through GlcNAc. Gm-SGPP was composed of D-mannose, D-glucuronic acid and D-galactose. Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and methylation analysis were performed to reveal the structure profile of Gm-SGPP. In vitro results showed that the proliferation activity of MC3T3-E1 cells was significantly promoted by Gm-SGPP. In vivo data revealed that Gm-SGPP increased the calcium and phosphorus content of tibias and promoted longitudinal bone growth in adolescent rats.

Spatial controlled multistage nanocarriers through hybridization of dendrimers and gelatin nanoparticles for deep penetration and therapy into tumor tissue.

Most nanoparticles (NPs) have difficulty deeply penetrating into tumor tissues. Here, we designed a spatially controlled multistage nanocarrier by encapsulating small polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers (~5 nm) within large gelatin NPs (~200 nm). This multistage nanocarrier is meant to be stable during systemic circulation and to leak through tumor vasculature walls by the enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect. Afterwards, this multistage nanocarrier release PAMAM dendrimers in response to the high matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) enzymes in the tumor microenvironment, and further transport into tumor cells. In this study, the demonstrated high intracellular uptake and deep penetration into tumor model verified the effective enzymes-responsively and spatially controlled multistage penetration of these combined nanocarriers. In addition, these multistage nanocarrier were further loaded with anti-tumor drug methotrexate (MTX) and evaluated both in vitro and in vivo to investigate their anti-tumor effect, which demonstrated that this multistage nanocarrier hold great potential in improving anti-tumor efficiency.

The experiences of family resilience in patients with permanent colostomy and their spouses: A dyadic qualitative study.

PURPOSE: With the prolonged survival time of patients with permanent colostomy for colorectal cancer, they and their spouses face tremendous pressure and development dilemmas that can easily lead to family adaptation crises. This qualitative study amid to explore the dyadic experiences of family resilience among Chinese patients with permanent colostomy and their spouses. METHODS: A phenomenological research method was adopted. Semi-structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 10 dyads of patients with permanent colostomy and their spouses were recruited through purposive sampling from a public tertiary hospital in China from March 2023 to July 2023.The Dyadic interview analysis and Colaizzi methods were used to analyze the interview data. RESULTS: Three themes and nine subthemes were developed. (1) family crisis and dichotomous coping with stress-family crisis and coping pressure caused by enterostomy; (2) Adjustment and adaptation within the family-Joint adjustment and adaptation within the couple's family; and (3) integration and utilization of multi-dimensional social external resources (micro-level, meso-level, and macro-level). CONCLUSIONS: Couples living with permanent colostomy often undergo a complex emotional journey, experiencing varied levels of individual stress as they navigate social interactions and daily activities, which can contribute to a decline in family adaptation. With the help of the perspective of family advantage, health practitioners should pay attention to the evaluation of individual factors and family environmental resources, to fully mobilize advantage resources and give effective interventions to improve the family and social adaptation level of patients and their spouses.

Novel hydrocolloids synthesized by polyphenols grafted onto chitosan: A promising coating to inhibit PhIP formation during pan-frying of golden pompano fillets.

Hydrocolloids synthesized by gallic acid (GA) and ferulic acid (FA) grafting onto chitosan (CS) were characterized, and their effects on PhIP formation in pan-fried golden pompano were investigated. Spectrograms including nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible confirmed that GA and FA were successfully grafted onto CS via covalent bonds, with grafting degree of 97.06 ± 2.56 mg GA/g and 93.56 ± 2.76 mg FA/g, respectively. The CS-g-GA and CS-g-FA exerted better solubility and antioxidant activities than CS. For the 8-min pan-fried golden pompano fillets, CS-g-GA and CS-g-FA (0.5 %, m/v) significantly reduced the PhIP formation by 61.71 % and 81.64 %, respectively. Chemical models revealed that CS-g-GA and CS-g-FA inhibited PhIP formation mainly by decreasing the phenylacetaldehyde contents from Maillard reaction and competing with creatinine to react with phenylacetaldehyde. Therefore, it was suggested that CS-g-phenolic acids emerge as novel coating for aquatic products during processing and inhibit heterocyclic amines generation.

Epidemiological Survey of Congenital Heart Disease Among Children Aged from 2 to 18 in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet.

Lin, Tian, Huaping Jia, Yunming Li, Yongxing Xu, Bei Zhao, Dong Zheng, Hongfeng Yan, Meihui Zhao, Yanlei Li, Liping Xia, Fengxia Zhou, Cuiping Liu, Ke Ma, Ma Mi, and Jianwen Gu. Epidemiological survey of congenital heart disease among children aged from 2 to 18 in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet. High Alt Med Biol. 00:000-000, 2024. Background: Studies have reported the prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) in parts of Tibet, but relative epidemiological surveys are rare. We aimed to explore the prevalence of CHD in children and its relationship with family history in Suo County, Nagqu, Tibet, an altitude of 3,980 meters. Methods: We recruited 4,002 children aged 2-18 years. Subjects underwent a family history investigation, cardiac auscultation, and clinical manifestation examination and then received echocardiographic screening. Results: The prevalence of CHD among children in Suo County was 0.97% (39 cases), much higher than the prevalence at sea level. The most common subtype was atrial septal defect, accounting for 53.9% of CHD, followed by patent ductus arteriosus (33.3%) and ventricular septal defect (12.8%). We also found that children whose mothers had previously borne children with CHD had a higher risk of CHD than those without (p = 0.002); other factors related to CHD during pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking, drug use, and viral infection, showed no statistical differences between children with and without CHD. Conclusions: The prevalence of CHD in children in Suo County is much higher than at low altitude, consisting mostly of simple forms with left-to-right shunt, with rare complex CHD. These results support implementing diagnostic and treatment plans to prevent CHD in Suo County.

The influence of calcium on copper corrosion and its by-product release in drinking water.

Copper is a high-quality material commonly used in drinking water supply pipes. Calcium is a prevalent cation found in drinking water. However, the effects of calcium on copper corrosion and its by-product release remain unclear. This study discusses the influences of Ca2+ on copper corrosion and its by-product release in drinking water under different conditions of Cl-, SO42-, and Cl-/SO42-, using electrochemical and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results indicate that Ca2+ slows down the corrosion reaction of copper to some extent in comparison with Cl-, and the Ecorr shifts positively by 0.022 V, while Icorr decreases by 0.235 µA cm-2. However, the by-product release rate increases by 0.5 µg cm-2. The addition of Ca2+ causes the anodic process to become the controlling factor for corrosion, with an increase in resistance observed in both the inner and outer layers of the corrosion product film through SEM analysis. The corrosion product film becomes denser due to the reaction between Ca2+ and Cl-, forming a product that inhibits the entry of Cl- into the passive film on the copper surface. Adding Ca2+ promotes copper corrosion with the help of SO42- and the release of corrosion by-products. The anodic reaction resistance decreases while the cathodic reaction resistance increases, resulting in a small potential difference of only 10 mV between the anode and cathode. The resistance of the inner layer film decreases, while that of the outer layer film increases. SEM analysis shows that the surface becomes rougher with the addition of Ca2+, and 1-4 mm granular corrosion products are formed. This is due to the fact that Cu4(OH)6SO4 has low solubility and forms a relatively dense passive film that inhibits the corrosion reaction. The added Ca2+ also reacts with SO42- to form CaSO4, which reduces the amount of Cu4(OH)6SO4 generated at the interface, thus damaging the integrity of the passive film. Adding Ca2+ promotes the corrosion of copper by Cl- and SO42- and enhances the release of corrosion by-products, with the highest corrosion rate observed under the Cl-/SO42-/Ca2+ conditions. The resistance of the inner layer membrane decreases, while the mass transfer resistance of the outer layer membrane increases. Under the Cl-/SO42- conditions, the SEM surface of the Cu2O particles is uniform in size, arranged in an orderly and compact manner. After adding Ca2+, the size of the particles becomes uneven, and the surface becomes rough and uneven. This is because Ca2+ firstly combines with SO42-, thus promoting corrosion. And then the remaining Ca2+ combines with Cl-, which inhibits corrosion. Despite the amount of remaining Ca2+ being small, it still promotes corrosion. The amount of released corrosion by-products is mainly controlled by the redeposition reaction that occurs in the outer layer membrane, determining the amount of Cu2O to which the copper ions are converted. The increase in resistance of the outer layer membrane means that the charge transfer resistance of the redeposition reaction increases, and the reaction rate slows down. Consequently, the amount of Cu(ii) converted to Cu2O decreases, leading to an increase in Cu(ii) in the solution. Therefore, adding Ca2+ in all three conditions results in an increase in the release of corrosion by-products.

Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polyphenol from Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) seeds using response surface methodology and its effects on osteogenic activity.

Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) seeds are rich in polyphenols, while few studies focused on it. This study was designed to obtain the maximum extraction yield of areca nut seed polyphenol (ACP). An ultrasonic-assisted extraction method optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) was established to extract ACP. Under the optimal conditions (ultrasonic power of 87 W, ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction temperature of 62℃, and extraction time of 153 min), the actual extraction yield of ACP was 139.62 mg/g. Then we investigated the effects of ACP on the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. Results suggested that ACP notably promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells without cytotoxicity, and the contents of collagen type Ⅰ (COL-Ⅰ) and osteocalcin (OCN) were rising. Meanwhile, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and mineralized nodules were enhanced. These findings demonstrated that ACP could induce the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts in vitro. This work provided a certain experimental basis for the developing and utilization of polyphenols from Areca nut seeds.

Characterization of coacervation behavior between whey protein isolate and gum Arabic: Effects of heat treatment.

Currently, the effect of heat treatment on the complex coacervation behavior of whey isolate protein (WPI) with gum arabic (GA) is undiscussed. In this work, the complex coacervation behavior of WPI with or without heat treatment and GA in different environments was investigated. The results showed that coacervates were formed at a mass ratio of 2:1 and a pH of 3.5, which was confirmed by the fluorescence spectroscopy results. Heat treatment increased the surface charge of WPI, reduced the saturated adsorption concentration of GA, and enhanced the sensitivity of the complex coacervation reaction to salt ions. Fourier infrared spectroscopy, intermolecular force analysis and molecular docking results confirm that the formation of coacervates is the result of electrostatic interactions. From the scanning electron microscope and differential scanning calorimetry results, it is clear that the whey isolate protein combined with gum arabic forms a gel-like conjugate with higher thermal stability and a dense structure. This study provides more in-depth theoretical guidance for the application of WPI and GA based coacervation and more advanced theoretical data for the study of hWPI.

Effect of chloride ions on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in an iron bacteria system.

Reclaimed water used as circulating cooling water can effectively relieve water stress, but the corrosion problem in it is very prominent. In particular, Cl- and iron bacteria (IB) are important influencing factors of corrosion behavior in a circulating water environment, and both of them often coexist in circulating water systems, so it is crucial to study their synergistic effects. This paper investigated the effect of Cl- on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in the IB system by use of weight loss measurements, electro-chemistry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In the first 1-9 days of the experiment, the increase of Cl- concentration led to an increase of corrosion rate and a decrease of anode potential and charge transfer resistance at the interface. The corrosion rate of the 4ClIB condition reached 0.45 mm a-1 in the 1st day, which was 1.47 and 1.15 times that of 3ClIB and 1ClIB, and its anode potential was 22.6% and 33.8% lower than that of 3ClIB and 1ClIB. This indicates that a higher concentration of Cl- made the anodic reaction easier and the corrosion more severe. However, after 9 days, a decline in the corrosion rate was recorded at similarly high Cl- concentrations. On the 15th day, the corrosion rates for 3ClIB and 4ClIB were 7.0% and 15.6% lower compared to the 1ClIB condition. At this stage, the anode potential and film resistance had increased significantly, to become the dominant factors controlling the corrosion reaction. On the 15th day, the ß a values of 1ClIB, 3ClIB and 4ClIB were 1.2, 1.5 and 1.7 times higher than those of the 1st day, and the highest R b value of 1592.1 Ω cm2 was obtained for the 4ClIB condition, which was 1.9 times higher than that of R ct. In the early stage of corrosion, the surface of the carbon steel was enriched in Cl- due to their high concentration, and the Cl- could easily destroy the developing corrosion product film and promote the generation of Fe2+. At the same early stage, the growth of IB was enhanced, and the metabolism of IB was promoting local corrosion. However, in the later stage of corrosion, biofilms had an increasing effect on corrosion. A high concentration of Cl- accelerated biofilm growth and densified the corrosion product layer which subsequently hindered the anodic reaction and thus inhibited corrosion.

The impact of value co-creation on consumer citizenship behavior: Based on consumer perspective.

This research investigated the value co-creation behaviors in livestreaming platforms and the internal mechanism of perceived value on consumer value co-creation behavior on the short-video platform TikTok. This research selected the Tiktok platform as the research object, and uses structural equation model to analyze consumer data. The results indicated that consumer-perceived value mediates the relationship between consumer engagement and citizenship behaviors. In addition, short-video platforms exhibit significant community attributes, and interactive behavior forms the primary part of consumer engagement that enhances the perceived value. Consumers join short-video platforms to look for communities that interest them. Consumers' responses generate the perceived value. Thus, it enhances consumers' intentions to continue using a particular service, which then increases the likelihood of citizenship behavior. This study also found that consumers' creative behavior in short-video platforms embodies social and functional values. This suggested that consumers of livestreaming and short-video platforms such as TikTok tend to seek social recognition by sharing their opinions or daily lives. The examination of the mediating role of perceived value on the relationship between consumer engagement behavior and citizenship behavior revealed that perceived value significantly mediated the relationship between consumer engagement behavior and citizenship behavior. This provided evidence of the fact that consumers usually actively participate on the platform by uploading content and sharing their creations, with the motivation to generate significant social impact and gain the recognition of others. Firstly, TikTok's consumers deeply engage on platforms in which their cognitive messages are integrated into the platform through interacting with others, browsing, and creating short videos. Secondly, TikTok provides a channel with high level of interactivity that facilitates social interaction among strangers. Video uploaders and fans develop positive interactive relationships. Thirdly, TikTok viewers may become video providers at some point; the act of co-creation creates economic value for the platform and generates emotional, functional, and social values for its consumers.

A fucoidan-gelatin wound dressing accelerates wound healing by enhancing antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities.

Microbial infections and the slow regression of inflammation are major impediments to wound healing. Herein, a tilapia fish skin gelatin-fucose gum-tannic acid (Gel&Fuc-TA) hydrogel wound dressing (Gel&Fuc-TA) was designed to promote wound healing by mixing and reacting tannic acid (TA) with tilapia fish skin gelatin (Gel) and fucoidan (Fuc). Gel&Fuc-TA hydrogel has a good network structure as well as swelling and release properties, and shows excellent antibacterial, antioxidant, cell compatibility, and hemostatic properties. Gel&Fuc-TA hydrogel can promote the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD-31), and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), enhance collagen deposition, and accelerate wound repair. Gel&Fuc-TA hydrogel can change the wound microbiome, reduce wound microbiome colonization, and decrease the expression of microbiome-related proinflammatory factors, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Gel&Fuc-TA hydrogel effectively regulates the conversion of wound macrophages to the M2 (anti-inflammatory phenotype) phenotype, decreases the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and increases the expression of arginase-1 (Arg-1), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß), thereby reducing the inflammatory response. In summary, Gel&Fuc-TA hydrogel prepared using a rational green cross-linking reaction can effectively accelerate wound healing.