A coating strategy to achieve effective local charge separation for photocatalytic coevolution.

Semiconductors of narrow bandgaps and high quantum efficiency have not been broadly utilized for photocatalytic coevolution of H2 and O2 via water splitting. One prominent issue is to develop effective protection strategies, which not only mitigate photocorrosion in an aqueous environment but also facilitate charge separation. Achieving local charge separation is especially challenging when these reductive and oxidative sites are placed only nanometers apart compared to two macroscopically separated electrodes in a photoelectrochemical cell. Additionally, the driving force of charge separation, namely the energetic difference in the barrier heights across the two type of sites, is small. Herein, we used conformal coatings attached by nanoscale cocatalysts to transform two classes of tunable bandgap semiconductors, i.e., CdS and GaInP2, into stable and efficient photocatalysts. We used hydrogen evolution and redox-mediator oxidation for model study, and further constructed a two-compartment solar fuel generator that separated stoichiometric H2 and O2 products. Distinct from the single charge-transfer direction reported for conventional protective coatings, the coating herein allows for concurrent injection of photoexcited electrons and holes through the coating. The energetic difference between reductive and oxidative catalytic sites was regulated by selectivity and local kinetics. Accordingly, the charge separation behavior was validated using numerical simulations. Following this design principle, the CdS/TiO2/Rh@CrOx photocatalysts evolved H2 while oxidizing reversible polysulfide redox mediators at a maximum rate of 90.6 µmol⋅h-1⋅cm-2 by stacking three panels. Powered by a solar cell, the redox-mediated solar water-splitting reactor regenerated the polysulfide repeatedly and achieved solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 1.7%.

Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Dissolved Carbonates and Near-Zero CO2(aq) by Employing Long-Range Proton Transport.

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction (CO2R) in ∼0 mM CO2(aq) concentration is challenging but is relevant for capturing CO2 and achieving a circular carbon economy. Despite recent advances, the interplay between the CO2 catalytic reduction and the oxidative redox processes that are arranged on photocatalyst surfaces with nanometer-scale distances is less studied. Specifically, mechanistic investigation on interdependent processes, including CO2 adsorption, charge separation, long-range chemical transport (∼100 nm distance), and bicarbonate buffer speciation, involved in photocatalysis is urgently needed. Photocatalytic CO2R in ∼0 mM CO2(aq), which has important applications in integrated carbon capture and utilization (CCU), has rarely been studied. Using 0.1 M KHCO3 (aq) of pH 7 but without continuously bubbling CO2, we achieved ∼0.1% solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency for CO production using Ag@CrOx nanoparticles that are supported on a coating-protected GaInP2 photocatalytic panel. CO is produced at ∼100% selectivity with no detectable H2, even with copious protons co-generated nearby. CO2 flux to the Ag@CrOx CO2R sites enhances CO2 adsorption, probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy. CO is produced with local protonation of dissolved inorganic carbon species in a pH as high as 11.5 when using fast electron donors such as ethanol. Isotopic labeling using KH13CO3 was used to confirm the origin of CO from the bicarbonate solution. We then employed COMSOL Multiphysics modeling to simulate the spatial and temporal pH variation and the local concentrations of bicarbonates and CO2(aq). We found that light-driven CO2R and CO2 reactive transport are mutually dependent, which is important for further understanding and manipulating CO2R activity and selectivity. This study enables direct bicarbonate utilization as the source of CO2, thereby achieving CO2 capture and conversion without purifying and feeding gaseous CO2.

Cost-minimization analysis of DTaP-IPV-Hib combination vaccine in China: A nationwide cross-sectional study.

Combination vaccines can reduce the vaccination visit, simplify the vaccination schedule and efficiently improve management. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the economic impact of integrating the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B (DTaP-IPV-Hib) combination vaccine into the China National Immunization Program. A cost-minimization analysis (CMA) compared the costs associated with direct medical, direct nonmedical, and indirect social costs in four schemes was conducted. A budgetary impact analysis assessed the alternative schemes' financial impact on the healthcare budget. Direct medical costs were extracted using a costing questionnaire and an observational time and motion chart. Direct nonmedical (cost for transportation) and indirect costs (loss of productivity) were derived from parents' questionnaires. Replacement of the current vaccination scheme with DTaP-IPV-Hib combination vaccine, resulted in net increases in direct medical costs of 77.64% for alternative scheme 1, 146.54% for alternative scheme 2, and 294.67% for alternative scheme 3, respectively. However, the direct nonmedical and indirect costs and the cost of the alternative schemes were 18.18%, 36.36%, and 63.64% lower than the current scheme for alternative scheme 1, alternative scheme 2, and alternative scheme 3, respectively. From the societal perspective, when compared with the current scheme, the budgetary impact of the three alternative schemes were +66 million Chinese Yuan (CNY) (4.81%), +103 million CNY (7.53%), and +305million CNY (22.35%), respectively. The CMA considered a broader perspective of social costs and indicated that the alternative schemes would result in an overall saving of parents' transportation and work loss costs to bring their children for vaccination, translating into a total cost saving of 18.18%, 36.36%, 63.64%, comparing to the current scheme. Thus, fully or partly using the DTaP-IPV-Hib combination vaccine is cost-saving in the context of China.

Differences in incidence and fatality of COVID-19 by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant versus Delta variant in relation to vaccine coverage: A world-wide review.

We aim to evaluate the evolution differences in the incidence and case fatality rate (CFR) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta and Omicron variants. The average incidence and CFRs were described between different countries. A gamma generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) was used to compare the CFRs of Delta and Omicron variants based on vaccination coverage. Totally, 50 countries were included for analyses. The incidence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranged from 0.16/100,000 to 82.95/100,000 during the Delta period and 0.03/100,000 to 440.88/100,000 during the Omicron period. The median CFRs were 8.56 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4.76-18.39) during the Delta period and 3.04 (IQR: 1.87-7.48) during the Omicron period, respectively. A total of 47 out of 50 countries showed decreased CFRs of the Omicron variant with the rate ratio ranging from 0.02 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.01-0.03) (in Cambodia) to 0.97 (95% CI: 0.87-1.08) (in Ireland). Gamma GLMM analysis showed that the decreased CFR was largely a result of the decreased pathogenicity of Omicron besides the increased vaccination coverage. The Omicron variant shows a higher incidence but a lower CFR around the world as a whole, which is mainly a result of the decreased pathogenicity by SARS-CoV-2's mutation, while the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 still acts as a valuable measure in preventing people from death.

Parents' willingness to vaccinate themselves and their children with the booster vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: A cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China.

We aimed to investigate the hesitancy and willingness of parents to vaccinate themselves and their children with a booster dose against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and related factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Puyang city, China. The information was collected, including demographic characteristics, willingness to receive a booster dose of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine, and attitudes and concerns toward COVID-19 and vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy was assessed in individuals completing the first two doses and booster eligible, while vaccine willingness was assessed in those completing the first two doses and not yet booster eligible. Among the participants completing two primary doses while not meeting the booster criteria, 95.4% (1465/1536) and 95.0% (1385/1458) had a willingness to a booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine for themselves and their children, respectively. Among the participants who met the booster criteria, 40.3% had vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy and unwillingness tended to occur in people who were younger, less educated, less healthy, and with unsureness of vaccines' efficacy and adverse events (AE). The younger age of children, children in poorer health, and concern about the efficacy and AE of vaccines contributed to the participants' unwillingness to vaccinate their children. We observed a high willingness to the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine both for the parents and their children, regardless of the eligibility to a booster dose. However, 40% of people had delayed vaccination behaviors. The promotion of scientific knowledge of vaccines' effectiveness and safety is needed, especially for people in poor health and parents with young children. Timely disclosure of AE caused by COVID-19 vaccines and proper aiding offered to people encountering AE are suggested.

Change in willingness to COVID-19 vaccination in China: Two online surveys during the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: As the variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to emerge, periodic vaccine booster immunization may become a normal policy. This study investigated the changes and factors associated with vaccination intentions in various epidemic situations, which can provide suggestions for the construction and modification of routine vaccination program strategies. METHODS: Two cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in January and June of 2021. The willingness and confidence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination were measured following propensity score matching (PSM) treatment. The difference in the willingness for COVID-19 Vaccination in the two surveys was analyzed by single or multi-factor analyses. RESULTS: The willingness to accept the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was higher in the second survey than that in the first survey (90.5% vs. 66.6%, p < 0.001). Concerns about the vaccine's safety declined (71.0% vs. 47.6%, p < 0.001), but concerns about the efficacy increased (22.4% vs. 30.9%, p < 0.001). Confidence in the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine had an important impact on the increased uptake willingness (odds ratio = 3.19, 95% confidence interval: 2.23-4.58, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant increase in attitudes towards the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which was associated with higher vaccine confidence. Vaccine effectiveness received more concerns from respondents rather than safety after nearly 6 months' utilization of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. It indicates that aggressive communication and timely disclosure of vaccine data can build vaccine confidence.

A systematic meta-analysis of immune signatures in patients with COVID-19.

Currently severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission has been on the rise worldwide. Predicting outcome in COVID-19 remains challenging, and the search for more robust predictors continues. We made a systematic meta-analysis on the current literature from 1 January 2020 to 15 August 2020 that independently evaluated 32 circulatory immunological signatures that were compared between patients with different disease severity was made. Their roles as predictors of disease severity were determined as well. A total of 149 distinct studies that evaluated ten cytokines, four antibodies, four T cells, B cells, NK cells, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils were included. Compared with the non-severe patients of COVID-19, serum levels of Interleukins (IL)-2, IL-2R, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor α were significantly up-regulated in severe patients, with the largest inter-group differences observed for IL-6 and IL-10. In contrast, IL-5, IL-1ß and Interferon (IFN)-γ did not show significant inter-group difference. Four mediators of T cells count, including CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD4+ CD25+ CD127- Treg, together with CD19+ B cells count and CD16+ CD56+ NK cells were all consistently and significantly depressed in severe group than in non-severe group. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgA and IgG antibodies were significantly higher in severe group than in non-severe group, while IgM antibody in the severe patients was slightly lower than those in the non-severe patients, and IgE antibody showed no significant inter-group differences. The combination of cytokines, especially IL-6 and IL-10, and T cell related immune signatures can be used as robust biomarkers to predict disease severity following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Enhanced Carrier Transport in Strongly Coupled, Epitaxially Fused CdSe Nanocrystal Solids.

Strongly coupled, epitaxially fused colloidal nanocrystal (NC) solids are promising solution-processable semiconductors to realize optoelectronic devices with high carrier mobilities. Here, we demonstrate sequential, solid-state cation exchange reactions to transform epitaxially connected PbSe NC thin films into Cu2Se nanostructured thin-film intermediates and then successfully to achieve zinc-blende, CdSe NC solids with wide epitaxial necking along {100} facets. Transient photoconductivity measurements probe carrier transport at nanometer length scales and show a photoconductance of 0.28(1) cm2 V-1 s-1, the highest among CdSe NC solids reported. Atomic-layer deposition of a thin Al2O3 layer infiltrates and protects the structure from fusing into a polycrystalline thin film during annealing and further improves the photoconductance to 1.71(5) cm2 V-1 s-1 and the diffusion length to 760 nm. We fabricate field-effect transistors to study carrier transport at micron length scales and realize high electron mobilities of 35(3) cm2 V-1 s-1 with on-off ratios of 106 after doping.

A review and meta-analysis of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of coxsackievirus A6 causing hand-foot-mouth disease in China and global implications.

Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has been associated with increasingly occurred sporadic hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) cases and outbreak events in many countries. In order to understand epidemiological characteristics of CV-A6, we collected the information describing HFMD caused by CV-A6 to describe the detection rate, severe rate and onychomadesis rate, which is defined as one or more nails defluvium, caused by CV-A6 from 2007 to 2017. The results showed that there was an outbreak of CV-A6 every other year, and overall trend of the epidemic of CA6-associated HFMD was increasing in China. The detection rate of CV-A6 in other countries was 32.0% (95% CI: 25.0%~40.0%) before 2013 and 28.0% (95% CI: 20.0%~36.0%) after 2013, respectively. Although the severe rate of HFMD caused by CV-A6 was low (0.10%, 95% CI: 0.01%~0.20%), CV-A6 can cause a high incidence of onychomadesis (28.0%, 95%CI: 21.9%-34.3%). Thus, it would be worthwhile to research and develop an effective multivalent vaccine for CV-A6 to achieve a more powerful prevention of HMFD.

Public Awareness, Individual Prevention Practice, and Psychological Effect at the Beginning of the COVID-19 Outbreak in China.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 has spread to more than 200 countries and territories. But less is known about the knowledge, protection behavior and anxiety regarding the outbreak among the general population. METHODS: A cross-sectional, population-based online survey was conducted in China and abroad from January 28 to February 1, 2020. Socio-demographic information was collected and knowledge scores, practice scores, anxiety scores and perceived risk were calculated. General linear model and binary logistic regression were used to identify possible associations. RESULTS: We included 9,764 individuals in this study, and 156 (1.6%) were from Hubei Province. The average knowledge score was 4.7 (standard deviation, 1.0) (scored on a 6-point scale); 96.1% maintained hand hygiene, and 90.3% of participants had varying levels of anxiety. People in Hubei Province were the most anxious, followed by those in Beijing and Shanghai. People who had experienced risk behaviors did not pay more attention to wearing masks and hand hygiene. CONCLUSIONS: The public had high awareness on knowledge of COVID-19 outbreak, and a high proportion of people practiced good hand hygiene behavior. Many people claimed anxiety, especially in heavily affected areas during pandemic, suggesting the importance of closing the gap between risk awareness and good practice and conduct psychological counseling to public and patients.

Do Male University Students Know Enough About Human Papillomavirus (HPV) to Make Informed Decisions About Vaccination?

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV), knowledge of HPV-associated diseases, as well as willingness to undergo HPV vaccination among male university students in China, especially factors influencing vaccination willingness. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study among university students in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, China by using a convenience sampling method. We assessed a) the awareness of HPV, b) knowledge of HPV-associated diseases, c) willingness to undergo HPV vaccination, and d) sexual behaviors among male university students. RESULTS A total of 1274 male university students aged 16 to 26 years old were recruited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. In total, 39.6% of students had awareness of HPV. Among students who were aware of HPV, the percentage of participating students who knew that HPV causes cervical cancer, genital warts, penile cancer, anal cancer, and oropharyngeal cancer were 94.0%, 66.1%, 32.7%, 20.4%, and 18.7%, respectively. In total, 79.0% knew that men can acquire HPV; 38.7% were willing to receive HPV vaccination. Age, region, and major were related to the awareness of HPV. In addition, students who had previous sexual experiences had more knowledge about HPV and were more likely to express willingness to vaccinate. CONCLUSIONS Male university students do not know enough about HPV infection, and males' attitudes regarding vaccination are not sufficient. Education should be provided to promote awareness of HPV-associated diseases and vaccination.

Epidemiological parameters of COVID-19 and its implication for infectivity among patients in China, 1 January to 11 February 2020.

BackgroundThe natural history of disease in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) remained obscure during the early pandemic.AimOur objective was to estimate epidemiological parameters of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and assess the relative infectivity of the incubation period.MethodsWe estimated the distributions of four epidemiological parameters of SARS-CoV-2 transmission using a large database of COVID-19 cases and potential transmission pairs of cases, and assessed their heterogeneity by demographics, epidemic phase and geographical region. We further calculated the time of peak infectivity and quantified the proportion of secondary infections during the incubation period.ResultsThe median incubation period was 7.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.9‒7.5) days. The median serial and generation intervals were similar, 4.7 (95% CI: 4.2‒5.3) and 4.6 (95% CI: 4.2‒5.1) days, respectively. Paediatric cases < 18 years had a longer incubation period than adult age groups (p = 0.007). The median incubation period increased from 4.4 days before 25 January to 11.5 days after 31 January (p < 0.001), whereas the median serial (generation) interval contracted from 5.9 (4.8) days before 25 January to 3.4 (3.7) days after. The median time from symptom onset to discharge was also shortened from 18.3 before 22 January to 14.1 days after. Peak infectivity occurred 1 day before symptom onset on average, and the incubation period accounted for 70% of transmission.ConclusionThe high infectivity during the incubation period led to short generation and serial intervals, necessitating aggressive control measures such as early case finding and quarantine of close contacts.

General Synthetic Route to High-Quality Colloidal III-V Semiconductor Quantum Dots Based on Pnictogen Chlorides.

The synthesis of colloidal III-V quantum dots (QDs), particularly of the arsenides and antimonides, has been limited by the lack of stable and available group V precursors. In this work, we exploit accessible InCl3- and pnictogen chloride-oleylamine as precursors to synthesize III-V QDs. Through coreduction reactions of the precursors, we achieve size- and stoichiometry-tunable binary InAs and InSb as well as ternary alloy InAs1-xSbx QDs. On the basis of structural, analytical, optical, and electrical characterization of the QDs and their thin-film assemblies, we study the effects of alloying on their particle formation and optoelectronic properties. We introduce a hydrazine-free hybrid ligand-exchange process to improve carrier transport in III-V QD thin films and realize InAs QD field-effect transistors with electron mobility > 5 cm2/(V s). We demonstrate that III-V QD thin films are promising candidate materials for infrared devices and show InAs1-xSbx QD photoconductors with superior short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) photoresponse than those of the binary QD devices.

Engineering charge injection and charge transport for high performance PbSe nanocrystal thin film devices and circuits.

We study charge injection and transport in PbSe nanocrystal thin films. By engineering the contact metallurgy and nanocrystal ligand exchange chemistry and surface passivation, we demonstrate partial Fermi-level pinning at the metal-nanocrystal interface and an insulator-to-metal transition with increased coupling and doping, allowing us to design high conductivity and mobility PbSe nanocrystal films. We construct complementary nanocrystal circuits from n-type and p-type transistors realized from a single nanocrystal material by selecting the contact metallurgy.

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of an Outbreak on Respiratory Virus Coinfection in Gansu, China.

This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of an outbreak primarily caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in a kindergarten and primary school. The outbreak was investigated by field epidemiological investigation, and the common respiratory pathogens were screened by RT-PCR detection technology. The attack rate of this outbreak was 63.95% (110/172). Main symptoms included cough (85.45%), sore throat (60.91%), and sneezing (60.00%). Multifactorial logistic regression analysis revealed that continuous handwashing and mouth and nose covering when sneezing were protective factors. All 15 collected throat swab specimens tested positive for viruses, with HMPV as the predominant pathogen (80.00%), followed by HRV (53.33%), and two cases of positive respiratory syncytial virus (13.33%). Among them, six samples showed coinfections of HMPV and HRV, and one had coinfections of HMPV and RSV, resulting in a coinfection rate of 46.67%. Genetic sequencing indicated that the HMPV genotype in this outbreak was A2c, and the HRV genotype was type A, resulting in a coinfection outbreak of HMPV, HRV, and RSV in schools and kindergartens, suggesting that multi-pathogen surveillance of respiratory tract infections should be strengthened.

Chemically Driven Sintering of Colloidal Cu Nanocrystals for Multiscale Electronic and Optical Devices.

Emerging applications of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in smart health, home, and city, in agriculture and environmental monitoring, and in transportation and manufacturing require materials and devices with engineered physical properties that can be manufactured by low-cost and scalable methods, support flexible forms, and are biocompatible and biodegradable. Here, we report the fabrication and device integration of low-cost and biocompatible/biodegradable colloidal Cu nanocrystal (NC) films through room temperature, solution-based deposition, and sintering, achieved via chemical exchange of NC surface ligands. Treatment of organic-ligand capped Cu NC films with solutions of shorter, environmentally benign, and noncorrosive inorganic reagents, namely, SCN- and Cl-, effectively removes the organic ligands, drives NC grain growth, and limits film oxidation. We investigate the mechanism of this chemically driven sintering by systemically varying the Cu NC size, ligand reagent, and ligand treatment time and follow the evolution of their structure and electrical and optical properties. Cl--treated, 4.5 nm diameter Cu NC films yield the lowest DC resistivity, only 3.2 times that of bulk Cu, and metal-like dielectric functions at optical frequencies. We exploit the high conductivity of these chemically sintered Cu NC films and, in combination with photo- and nanoimprint-lithography, pattern multiscale structures to achieve high-Q radio frequency (RF) capacitive sensors and near-infrared (NIR) resonant optical metasurfaces.

Differences in Vaccination Consultation Preferred by Primary Health Care Workers and Residents in Community Settings.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preference of primary HCWs and residents on vaccination consultation in community health services to provide evidence for vaccine hesitancy intervention strategies. METHODS: A discrete choice model (DCM) was constructed to evaluate the preference difference between primary HCWs and residents on vaccination consultation in community health services in China during May-July 2022. RESULTS: A total of 282 residents and 204 HCWs were enrolled in this study. The residents preferred consulting with an HCW-led approach (ß = 2.168), with specialized content (ß = 0.954), and accompanied by telephone follow-up (ß = 1.552). In contrast, the HCWs preferred face-to-face consultation (ß = 0.540) with an HCW-led approach (ß = 0.458) and specialized content (ß = 0.409), accompanied by telephone follow-up (ß = 0.831). College residents and residents with underlying self-reported disease may be near-critically inclined to choose traditional consultation (an offline, face-to-face consultation with standardized content and more prolonged duration) rather than a new-media consulting group (an online consultation with specialized content within 5 min). Urban HCWs preferred long-term consultation groups (the resident-led offline consultation with follow-up lasting more than 5 min). In contrast, rural HCWs preferred efficient consultation (the HCW-led, short-duration, standardized offline consultation mode). CONCLUSION: The selection preference for vaccine consultation reveals a gap between providers and demanders, with different groups exhibiting distinct preferences. Identifying these targeted gaps can help design more acceptable and efficient interventions, increasing their likelihood of success and leading to better resource allocation for policymakers to develop targeted vaccination policies.

Effectiveness of momentary intervention on influenza vaccination among the elderly in China: From willingness to action.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of momentary intervention on the willingness and actual uptake of influenza vaccination among the elderly in China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study assessed the willingness of the elderly to receive influenza vaccination, and an momentary intervention aimed to increase vaccination willingness among those initially unwilling. The elderly reporting a willingness were offered free influenza vaccination through a community intervention program. RESULTS: A total of 3138 participants were recruited in this study, and 61.3 % (95 % CI 59.6 %-63.0 %) were willing to receive influenza vaccination at baseline. The willingness rate of influenza vaccination increased to 79.8 % (95 % CI 78.4 %-81.2 %), with an increase of 18.5 % (95 % CI 16.3 %-20.7 %) after momentary intervention. The influenza vaccination rate was 40.4 % (95 % CI 38.5 %-42.3 %) before and 53.9 % (95 % CI 52.0 %-55.8 %) after momentary intervention with an increase of 13.5 % (95 % CI 10.9 %-16.2 %). There was no significant difference in influenza vaccination rates between the initially willing people and those who changed to be willing to receive influenza vaccination after momentary intervention (vaccination rates: 78.0 % vs. 81.3 %). CONCLUSION: Momentary intervention has been shown to effectively enhance the willingness of the elderly to receive influenza vaccination, thereby facilitating the translation of this intention into actual behavior.

Flexible all solid-state supercapacitors based on chemical vapor deposition derived graphene fibers.

Flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors based on graphene fibers are demonstrated in this study. Surface-deposited oxide nanoparticles are used as pseudo-capacitor electrodes to achieve high capacitance. This supercapacitor electrode has an areal capacitance of 42 mF cm(-2), which is comparable to the capacitance for fiber-based supercapacitors reported to date. During the bending and cycling of the fiber-based supercapacitor, the stability could be maintained without sacrificing the electrochemical performance, which provides a novel and simple way to develop flexible, lightweight and efficient graphene-based devices.

Construction of a Co/MnO Mott-Schottky Heterostructure to Achieve Interfacial Synergy in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction for Aluminum-Air Batteries.

The rational design of non-noble metal-based electrocatalysts for an efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an important research topic to promote the advancement of aluminum-air batteries. In this work, heterostructural Co/MnO nanoparticles encapsulated in a N-doped carbon electrocatalyst were prepared via one-step pyrolysis utilizing different reduction potentials of Co and Mn ions, and the heterointerface between the two phases was confirmed. The prepared catalyst displays Pt/C competitive ORR performance because of the interfacial synergy of a Co/MnO Mott-Schottky (M-S) heterostructure, which leads to boosted conductivity, formation of an M-S barrier, and a reduced oxygen reduction energy barrier for excited electrons. Furthermore, the Co/MnO-based aluminum-air battery displays good discharge performance, demonstrating good feasibility for practical application.