Spatial Heterogeneity and Strong Coupling of FeII /FeIII in an Individual Metal-Organic Framework Nanoparticle for Efficient CO2 Photoreduction.

The synthesis and characterization of an FeII /FeIII metal-organic framework (MOF) nanocrystal with spatial heterogeneity that arises from the non-uniform distribution of different valence states is disclosed. The FeII /FeIII -Ni Prussian blue analog (PBA) delivers superior photocatalytic performance in the selective CO2 reduction reaction thanks to the strong FeII /FeIII coupling, with CO yield up to 12.27 mmol g-1 h-1 and 90.6% selectivity under visible-light irradiation. Density functional theory calculation and experimental studies prove that the spatial heterogeneity of FeII /FeIII in the individual MOF nanocrystal not only directs and expedites the charge transfer within a catalyst particle but also creates the heterogeneity of catalytically-active Ni sites for efficient CO2 photoreduction. The current findings add to a growing literature of materials with compositional heterogeneity and provide a reference for future research.

General and Scalable Synthesis of Mesoporous 2D MZrO2 (M = Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe) Nanocatalysts by Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transformation.

In modern heterogeneous catalysis, it remains highly challenging to create stable, low-cost, mesoporous 2D photo-/electro-catalysts that carry atomically dispersed active sites. In this work, a general shape-preserving amorphous-to-crystalline transformation (ACT) strategy is developed to dope various transition metal (TM) heteroatoms in ZrO2, which enabled the scalable synthesis of TMs/oxide with a mesoporous 2D structure and rich defects. During the ACT process, the amorphous MZrO2 nanoparticles (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn) are deposited within a confined space created by the NaCl template, and they transform to crystalline 2D ACT-MZrO2 nanosheets in a shape-preserving manner. The interconnected crystalline ACT-MZrO2 nanoparticles thus inherit the same structure as the original MZrO2 precursor. Owing to its rich active sites on the surface and abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs), ACT-CoZrO2 gives superior performance in catalyzing the CO2-to-syngas conversion as demonstrated by experiments and theoretical calculations. The ACT chemistry opens a general route for the scalable synthesis of advanced catalysts with precise microstructure by reconciliating the control of crystalline morphologies and the dispersion of heteroatoms.

Magnetically Driven Cactus Spinelike Superhydrophobic Fe3O4 Vertical Array for High-Performance Fog Harvesting.

Cactus spinelike materials have attracted much attention due to high fog harvesting efficiency, but great challenges in structure fabrication and structural controllability still remain. In this study, we proposed a magnetically driven spray-coating method to fabricate a cactus spinelike superhydrophobic Fe3O4 vertical array on nonwoven cotton fabric. This method is simple and controllable; a mixture containing magnetic Fe3O4 particles and organosilicon resin was atomized into tiny droplets and arranged along the magnetic field lines. Different from the traditional method to prepare a cactus spinelike structure via liquid flow under magnet, which is usually accompanied with a big structure size and an unobvious structure feature due to the high viscosity of magnetic liquid. However, if the magnetic liquid is transformed into tiny magnetic droplets by a spraying method, it is promising to prepare micrometer-scale conical structures, and the reduction degree of bionic structures is high. When the fabricated structure is used for fog harvesting, it shows an extremely high efficiency of approximately 6.33 g cm-2 h-1, which is superior to most state-of-the-art fog harvesting materials. Considering the advantages of simplicity, structure controllability, and high fog harvesting rate, the reported strategy provides an avenue to build up high-performance fog harvesting materials.

Research progress on differentiation and regulation of plant chromoplasts.

Carotenoids, natural tetraterpenoids found abundantly in plants, contribute to the diverse colors of plant non-photosynthetic tissues and provide fragrance through their cleavage products, which also play crucial roles in plant growth and development. Understanding the synthesis, degradation, and storage pathways of carotenoids and identifying regulatory factors represents a significant strategy for enhancing plant quality. Chromoplasts serve as the primary plastids responsible for carotenoid accumulation, and their differentiation is linked to the levels of carotenoids, rendering them a subject of substantial research interest. The differentiation of chromoplasts involves alterations in plastid structure and protein import machinery. Additionally, this process is influenced by factors such as the ORANGE (OR) gene, Clp proteases, xanthophyll esterification, and environmental factors. This review shows the relationship between chromoplast and carotenoid accumulation by presenting recent advances in chromoplast structure, the differentiation process, and key regulatory factors, which can also provide a reference for rational exploitation of chromoplasts to enhance plant quality.

Effect of telehealth interventions on adherence to endocrine therapy among patients with breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of telehealth interventions on adherence to endocrine therapy among patients with breast cancer. METHODS: A systematic search of five English databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the American Psychological Association PsycNet, and the Cochrane Library) and four Chinese databases (Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, SinoMed, WanFang Data, and WeiPu Data) was performed from inception to March 31, 2023. Two investigators independently screened the available studies for eligibility and extracted relevant data. Quality assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The effect size was computed based on the risk ratio for dichotomous data and standardized mean difference for continuous data using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS: A total of 1,780 participants from eight randomized controlled trials were included. These studies involved treatment with aromatase inhibitors only (n = 3) or aromatase inhibitors plus tamoxifen (n = 5). Telehealth interventions involved web-based interventions, telephone-based interventions, interventions via mobile applications, and interventions based on technology. In three studies, subjective measures were used, while objective measures were utilized in another three. Two studies incorporated a combination of both subjective and objective measures. The duration of the interventions varied among studies, ranging from a week to 36 months. The follow-up duration ranged from 4 weeks to 36 months. The quality of included studies was moderate to high. The meta-analysis of the five studies reporting dichotomous data showed that telehealth interventions had a significant effect on adherence to endocrine therapy (RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.76-0.97). Moreover, four studies reported continuous data. The meta-analysis demonstrated that telehealth interventions significantly improved adherence to endocrine therapy at 1 month (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.10-0.90), 3 months (SMD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.17-0.99), and 6 months (SMD = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.08-0.47) of follow-up. CONCLUSION: Telehealth interventions may facilitate adherence to endocrine therapy among patients with breast cancer. Further research should adopt a theory-based design and explore the longer-term effects.

New Generation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Ligature to Prevent Enamel Demineralization In Vivo.

This study aimed to synthesize a novel elastomeric ligature with dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) grafted, providing a new strategy for improving the issue of enamel demineralization during fixed orthodontics. DMAHDM was incorporated into elastomeric ligatures at different mass fractions using ultraviolet photochemical grafting. The antibacterial properties were evaluated and the optimal DMAHDM amount was determined based on cytotoxicity assays. Moreover, tests were conducted to evaluate the in vivo changes in the mechanical properties of the elastomeric ligatures. To assess the actual in vivo effectiveness in preventing enamel demineralization, a rat demineralization model was established, with analyses focusing on changes in surface microstructure, elemental composition, and nanomechanical properties. Elastomeric ligatures with 2% DMAHDM showed excellent biocompatibility and the best antibacterial properties, reducing lactic acid production by 65.3% and biofilm bacteria by 50.0% within 24 h, without significant mechanical property differences from the control group (p > 0.05). Most importantly, they effectively prevented enamel demineralization in vivo, enhancing elastic modulus by 73.2% and hardness by 204.8%. Elastomeric ligatures incorporating DMAHDM have shown great potential for application in preventing enamel demineralization, providing a new strategy to solve this issue during fixed orthodontics.

Transition-Metal-Free Approach to Acridone Derivatives by TBHP-Promoted Oxidative Annulation of Isatins with Arynes.

A tert-butyl hydroperoxide-promoted oxidative annulation reaction of isatins with 2-(trimethylsilyl)aryl triflates for the convenient synthesis of acridone derivatives has been established. Mechanistic investigation suggested that the reaction may proceed via consecutive Baeyer-Villiger-type rearrangement followed by an intermolecular cyclization. This synthetic approach offers several advantages, including broad substrate scope, good functional group tolerance, and simplicity of operation. Additionally, successful late-stage modification of the obtained compounds was achieved, expanding the application potential of this methodology in organic synthesis.

Adsorption of glycine at the anatase TiO2/water interface: Effects of Ca2+ ions.

Adsorption reactions of amino acids (AAs) on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) play an important role in the available nutrients in soils and sediments. The pH effects on glycine adsorption have been studied, but little is known about its coadsorption with Ca2+ at the molecular level. Combined attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) flow-cell measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to determine the surface complex and corresponding dynamic adsorption/desorption processes. The structures of glycine adsorbed onto TiO2 were closely associated with its dissolved species in the solution phase. The presence of Ca2+ exerted different influences on glycine adsorption within pH 4-11, thus affecting its migration rate in soils and sediments. The mononuclear bidentate complex at pH 4-7, involving the COO- moiety of zwitterionic glycine, remained unchanged in the absence and presence of Ca2+. At pH 11, the mononuclear bidentate complex with deprotonated NH2 can be removed from the TiO2 surface upon coadsorption with Ca2+. The bonding strength of glycine on TiO2 was much weaker than that of the Ca-bridged ternary surface complexation. Glycine adsorption was inhibited at pH 4 but was enhanced at pH 7 and 11.

Factors associated with returning to work and work ability of colorectal cancer survivors.

PURPOSE: The objective of this current study was to describe the status of returning to work and work ability of colorectal cancer survivors and identify the key factors associated with returning to work and work ability of Chinese colorectal cancer patients. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study was performed in 212 colorectal cancer survivors who have worked before their colorectal cancer diagnosis. We evaluated patient's return to work (Yes/No), work ability, and factors by questionnaires of the Work Ability Index (WAI), M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory for Gastrointestinal (MDASI-GI), and the Self-Report Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale (PAIS-SR). Logistic regression analysis and linear regression were used to find the potential predictors with returning to work and work ability. RESULTS: Participants mostly 145 have returned to work (68.4%). Work ability and psychosocial adjustment of colorectal cancer survivors were at a moderate level. After completing treatment, the patient still had many symptoms, and these symptoms were distress to live. In the two models, survivors with higher family monthly income per capita and lower psychosocial adjustment scores were more likely to have higher work ability and return to work. Survivors with lower symptom distress were more likely to have higher work ability (r = - 0.038, p = 0.010). Survivors with higher work ability were more likely to return to work (OR = 1.193, 95% CI = (1.116,1.274)). CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that symptom distress and psychosocial adjustment were significantly associated with colorectal cancer survivors' returning to work and work ability, which should be considered in future intervention research.

Effects of the appearance care on psychosocial outcomes for breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To synthesize the evidence for the immediate and short-term effects of appearance care on psychosocial outcomes in breast cancer patients in order to inform the design of future research and clinical practice. METHODS: A search of four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science). The JBI Critical Appraisal Checklists were used by two reviewers to assess methodology quality. Subgroup analysis was conducted for the different time points measured after intervention. RESULTS: Seven studies were eligible for the meta-analysis, including two RCTs and five quasi-experimental studies, from 1994 to 2022. The type of intervention was mainly grouped education, led by beauty specialists, and the dose and frequency varied. The quality of included studies was moderate to high. The results showed that appearance care had positive immediate effect on self-esteem (SMD = 0.63, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.89), anxiety (SMD = - 0.46, 95% CI - 0.60 to - 0.31), and depression (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.62 to - 0.19), with short-term effects on anxiety (SMD = - 0.42, 95% CI - 0.54 to - 0.34), depression (SMD = - 0.41, 95% CI - 0.55 to - 0.26), and sexual function (SMD = 0.50, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.81).The effect of appearance care on body image and quality of life was uncertain. CONCLUSION: Appearance care could be a promising intervention to improve self-esteem, anxiety, depression, and sexual function among patients with breast cancer. More high-quality RCTs are needed to validate these findings. Online appearance care programs and exploration of long-term effects should also be considered.

Obstacles to access to community care in urban senior-only households: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: The increased number of older adults living alone has created a substantial care need. However, the utilization rate of services and facilities to meet these needs are surprisingly low. Many of older adults experience difficulties accessing these services, although it remains unclear how these obstacles impede access to services. This study explored the obstacles and difficulties experienced by urban older adults in seeking community care. METHODS: A phenomenological study was carried out and participatory observation and in-depth interviews were employed to investigate the process of seeking care of older adults in urban communities. A total of 18 urban community-dwelling older adults aged 75 years and over were included. Data collected were analysed by content analysis. RESULTS: We identified the pathways by which senior-only households sought community care and encountered obstacles. (1) lack of community care information: older adults did not know where and how to get services, even though the care institutions scattered throughout the community; (2) limited mobility: older adults often suffered from various chronic diseases, which physically hindered their access to care resources; (3) complex process of achieving care: the functional fragmentation and geographical dispersion of care institutions made the care-seeking process challenging and confusing for older adults; (4) incomprehension of needs expression: limited interaction time and communication barriers between staff of institutions and the older adults were the final obstacle. Only by surmounting these obstacles one by one can older adults access the care resources effectively. CONCLUSIONS: When older adults in the community initiated calls for help, they encountered several obstacles. Their physiological and social disadvantages limited their ability to seek care physically. Lack of integration and clear guidance in the process of providing community care exacerbated these difficulties. Reform of care services should focus on the visibility and accessibility of services for older adults.

Low abundance of mitophagy markers is associated with reactive oxygen species overproduction in cows with fatty liver and causes reactive oxygen species overproduction and lipid accumulation in calf hepatocytes.

Mitochondria are the main site of fatty acid oxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria induce oxidative stress and increase the risk of lipid accumulation. During the process of mitophagy, PTEN induced kinase 1 (PINK1) accumulates on damaged mitochondria and recruits cytoplasmic Parkin to mitochondria. As an autophagy receptor protein, sequestosome-1 (p62) binds Parkin-ubiquitinated outer mitochondrial membrane proteins and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) to facilitate degradation of damaged mitochondria. In nonruminants, clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria through the PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy pathway contributes to reducing ROS production and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Whether PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy plays a similar role in dairy cow liver is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate mitophagy status in dairy cows with fatty liver and its role in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. Liver and blood samples were collected from healthy dairy cows (n = 10) and cows with fatty liver (n = 10) that had a similar number of lactations (median = 3, range = 2 to 4) and days in milk (median = 6 d, range = 3 to 9 d). Calf hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy newborn female Holstein calves (1 d of age, 30-40 kg). Hepatocytes were transfected with small interfering RNA targeted against PRKN for 48 h or transfected with PRKN overexpression plasmid for 36 h, followed by treatment with FFA (0.3 or 1.2 mM) for 12 h. Mitochondria were isolated from fresh liver tissue or calf hepatocytes. Serum concentrations of ß-hydroxybutyrate were higher in dairy cows with fatty liver. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were greater in cows with fatty liver. The lower protein abundance of PINK1, Parkin, p62, and LC3-II in hepatic mitochondrial fraction of dairy cows with fatty liver indicated the mitophagy was impaired. In hepatocytes, knockdown of PRKN decreased protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II in the mitochondrial fraction, and increased contents of triacylglycerol (TG), MDA, and H2O2. In addition, protein abundances of PINK1, Parkin, p62, and LC3-II were lower in the mitochondrial fraction from hepatocytes treated with 1.2 mM FFA than the hepatocytes treated with 0.3 mM FFA, whereas the content of TG, MDA, and H2O2 increased. In 1.2 mM FFA-treated hepatocytes, PRKN overexpression increased protein abundance of p62 and LC3-II in the mitochondrial fraction and decreased contents of TG, MDA, and H2O2. Together, our data demonstrate that low abundance of mitophagy markers is associated with ROS overproduction in dairy cows with fatty liver and impaired mitophagy induced by a high concentration of FFA promotes ROS production and lipid accumulation in female calf hepatocytes.

Propionate alleviates fatty acid-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by upregulating PPARG coactivator 1 alpha in hepatocytes.

Reduced feed intake during the transition period renders cows unable to meet their energy needs for maintenance and lactation, leading to a state of negative energy balance. Severe negative energy balance initiates fat mobilization and increases circulating levels of free fatty acids (FFA), which could induce hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Enhancing the hepatic supply of propionate (major gluconeogenic substrate) is a feasible preventive and therapeutic strategy to alleviate hepatic metabolic disorders during the transition period. Whether propionate supply affects pathways beyond gluconeogenesis during high FFA loads is not well known. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate whether propionate supply could protect calf hepatocytes from FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Hepatocytes were isolated from 5 healthy calves (1 d old, female, 30-40 kg, fasting) and treated with various concentrations of propionate (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate for 12 h) or for different times (2 mM propionate for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h). Furthermore, hepatocytes were treated with propionate (2 mM), fatty acids (1.2 mM), or both for 12 h with or without 50 nM PGC-1α (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha) small interfering RNA. Compared with the control group, protein abundance of PGC-1α was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate treatment groups. Furthermore, protein abundance of TFAM (mitochondrial function marker mitochondrial transcription factor A) and VDAC1 (voltage-dependent anion channel 1) was greater with 1, 2, and 4 mM propionate, and COX4 (cyclooxygenase 4) was greater with 2 and 4 mM propionate groups. In addition, propionate supply led to an increase in protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, VDAC1, and COX4 over time. Flow cytometry revealed that propionate treatment increased the number of mitochondria in hepatocytes compared with control group, but inhibition of PGC-1α abolished these beneficial effects. The lower protein abundance of PGC-1α, TFAM, COX4, and VDAC1 and activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, along with greater production of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and apoptosis rate in response to treatment with high concentrations of FFA suggested an impairment of mitochondrial function and induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. In contrast, propionate treatment hastened these negative effects. Knockdown of PGC-1α by small interfering RNA impeded the beneficial role of propionate on FFA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Overall, results demonstrated that propionate supply alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in FFA-treated calf hepatocytes by upregulating PGC-1α. Together, the data suggest that PGC-1α may be a promising target for preventing or improving hepatic function during periods such as the transition into lactation where the FFA load on the liver increases.

Goal or Miss? A Bernoulli Distribution for In-Game Outcome Prediction in Soccer.

Due to a colossal soccer market, soccer analysis has attracted considerable attention from industry and academia. In-game outcome prediction has great potential in various applications such as game broadcasting, tactical decision making, and betting. In some sports, the method of directly predicting in-game outcomes based on the ongoing game state is already being used as a statistical tool. However, soccer is a sport with low-scoring games and frequent draws, which makes in-game prediction challenging. Most existing studies focus on pre-game prediction instead. This paper, however, proposes a two-stage method for soccer in-game outcome prediction, namely in-game outcome prediction (IGSOP). When the full length of a soccer game is divided into sufficiently small time frames, the goal scored by each team in each time frame can be modeled as a random variable following the Bernoulli distribution. In the first stage, IGSOP adopts state-based machine learning to predict the probability of a scoring goal in each future time frame. In the second stage, IGSOP simulates the remainder of the game to estimate the outcome of a game. This two-stage approach effectively captures the dynamic situation after a goal and the uncertainty in the late phase of a game. Chinese Super League data have been used for algorithm training and evaluation, and the results demonstrate that IGSOP outperforms existing methods, especially in predicting draws and prediction during final moments of games. IGSOP provides a novel perspective to solve the problem of in-game outcome prediction in soccer, which has a potential ripple effect on related research.

Risk perception trajectory of elderly chronic disease patients in the community under COVID-19: A qualitative research.

INTRODUCTION: While traditional "non-medical" prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results during the COVID-19 pandemic, they have generated difficult situations for older adult patients with chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to understand and identify the COVID-19 risk perception process and trajectory among older adults with chronic disease living in the community. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a qualitative research study that used in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of 21 older adult patients with chronic disease. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis methods. RESULTS: Three themes emerged: restricted travel, psychological shock and panic, and unintended consequences. CONCLUSIONS: The perceptions of epidemic risk among older adult patients with chronic disease living in the community had varying characteristics at different stages. Correct identification of risk perception processes and trajectories will assist in formulating more scientific emergency measures in the event of future public health emergencies.

Visualization of conformational transition of GRP94 in solution.

GRP94, an ER paralog of the heat-shock protein 90 family, binds and hydrolyses ATP to chaperone the folding and maturation of its selected clients. Compared with other hsp90 proteins, the in-solution conformational dynamics of GRP94 along the ATP hydrolysis cycle are less understood, hindering our understanding of its chaperoning mechanism. Leveraging small-angle X-ray scattering, negative-staining EM, and hydrogen-deuterium exchange coupled mass-spec, here we show that in its apo form, ∼60% of mouse GRP94 (mGRP94) populates an "extended" conformation, whereas the rest exist in either "close V" or "twist V" like "compact" conformations. Different from other hsp90 proteins, the presence of AMPPNP only impacts the relative abundance of the two compact conformations, rather than shifting the equilibrium between the "extended" and "compact" conformations of mGRP94. HDX-MS study of apo, AMPPNP-bound, and ADP-bound mGRP94 suggests a conformational transition from "twist V" to "close V" upon ATP binding and a back transition from "close V" to "twist V" upon ATP hydrolysis. These results illustrate the dissimilarities of GRP94 in conformation transition during ATP hydrolysis from other hsp90 paralogs.

The complete chloroplast genome of Camellia flava (Pitard) Sealy, a golden camellia of Vietnam.

Camellia flava (Pit.) Sealy 1949 is a rare and precious species with golden flowers, which hold important ornamental and breeding values. In this study, the complete chloroplast genome of C. flava is reported for the first time. The chloroplast genome exhibits a typical quadripartite structure with a total length of 156,670 bp and a GC content of 37.32%, including a large single-copy region (86,250 bp), a small single-copy region (18,292 bp), and a pair of inverted repeat regions (26,064 bp). A total of 133 genes, including 88 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes were annotated. The phylogenetic analysis revealed a close relationship between C. flava and C. tamdaoensis. The chloroplast genome sequence of C. flava serves as a valuable resource for further breeding research and genetic phylogenetic studies.

Adsorption Behavior of Dissolved Gas Molecules in Transformer Oil on Rh Modified GeSe Monolayer.

Dissolved gas analysis in transformer oil is useful for detecting early transformer failures. The research on gas sensors for monitoring dissolved gas in transformer oil has attracted wide attention from academia and industry. In this study, Rh-doped GeSe monolayers were used as gas sensing materials based on the density functional theory (DFT). The potential of the Rh-GeSe monolayer as a gas sensor was evaluated by calculating the geometric structure, adsorption distance (dsub/gas), binding energy (Eb), adsorption energy (Eads), transfer charge (ΔQ), the density of states (DOS), band structure, electron localization function (ELF), charge difference density (CDD), and sensitivity (S) of Rh-GeSe monolayer with eight gas molecules (SO2, C2H2, NO2, H2, CH4, CO2, H2S, and CO). The results show that the Rh-GeSe monolayer has a prominent response to SO2, C2H2, and NO2 gas molecules and has great potential to become an excellent gas sensor. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of Rh-GeSe monolayer in the field of gas sensing and provides a new way for the development of other gas sensors.

Construction of active-inert core-shell structured nanocrystals for broad range multicolor upconversion luminescence.

Rare earth doped up-conversion luminescent nano-materials exhibit abundant emission colors under suitable excitation condition. In this work, NaYF4:Er/Ho@NaYF4 and NaYbF4:Tm@NaYF4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method. The pure red emission can be realized by the designed NaYF4:Er/Ho@NaYF4 nanocrystals and the R/Gs reach 23.3 and 25 under excitations of 980 and 1550 nm lasers, respectively. The R/G declines as the power increasing with the emission color changing from red to yellow, which is due to the quick saturation of the energy levels, radiating red emissions. Meanwhile, the emission intensity of NaYbF4:Tm@NaYF4 nanocrystals increases by 58.3 folds after encasing the inert shell NaYF4 and the CIE color coordinate reaches (0.1646, 0.0602) under 980 nm laser excitation. Furthermore, broad range multicolor from blue to red and yellow up-conversion emissions is achieved by mixing NaYF4:Er/Ho@NaYF4 and NaYbF4:Tm@NaYF4 nanocrystals, which could be applied to colorful displaying, security anti-counterfeiting and information coding.

Geographic conditions impact the relationship between plant phenology and phylogeny.

Plant phenology is influenced by a combined effect of phylogeny and climate, although it is yet unclear how these two variables work together to change phenology. We synthesized 107 previously published studies to examine whether phenological changes were impacted by both phylogeny and climate changes in various geographical settings globally. Phenological observation data from 52,463 plant species at 71 sites worldwide revealed that 90 % of phenological records showed phylogenetic conservation. i.e., closely related species exhibited similar phenology. To explore the significant and non-significant phylogenetic conservation between plant phenophases, our dataset comprises 5,47,000 observation records from the four main phenophases (leaf bud, leaf, flower, and fruit). Three-dimensional geographical distribution (altitude, latitude, and longitude) data analysis revealed that plant phenology may exhibit phylogenetic signals at finer special scales (optimal environmental conditions) that vanish in high altitude and latitude regions. Additionally, climatic sensitivity analysis suggested that phylogenetic signals were associated with plant phenophases and were stronger in the regions of ideal temperature (7-18 °C) and photoperiod (10-14 h) and weaker in harsh climatic conditions. These results show that phylogenetic conservation in plant phenological traits is frequently influenced by the interaction of harsh climatic conditions and geographical ranges. This meta-analysis enhances our knowledge of predicting species responses over geographic gradients under varied climatic conditions.