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Self-incompatibility (SI) is a crucial mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and inbreeding in flowering plants. Citrus exhibits SI regulated by a polymorphic S-locus containing an S-RNase gene and multiple S-locus F-box (SLF) genes. It has been documented that S-RNase functions as the pistil S determinant, but there is no direct evidence that the SLF genes closely linked with S-RNase function as pollen S determinants in Citrus. This study assembled the genomes of two pummelo (Citrus grandis) plants, obtained three novel complete and well-annotated S-haplotypes, and isolated 36 SLF or SLF-like alleles on the S-loci. Phylogenetic analysis of 138 SLFs revealed that the SLF genes were classified into 12 types, including six types with divergent or missing alleles. Furthermore, transformation experiments verified that the conserved S6-SLF7a protein can lead to the transition of SI to self-compatibility by recognizing non-self S8-RNase in 'Mini-Citrus' plants (S7S8 and S8S29, Fortunella hindsii), a model plant for citrus gene function studies. In vitro assays demonstrated interactions between SLFs of different S haplotypes and the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box subunit CgSSK1 protein. This study provides direct evidence that SLF controls the pollen function in Citrus, demonstrating its role in the 'non-self recognition' SI system.
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Citrus , Proteínas F-Box , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas , Pólen , Ribonucleases , Autoincompatibilidade em Angiospermas , Citrus/genética , Citrus/fisiologia , Citrus/metabolismo , Autoincompatibilidade em Angiospermas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Pólen/genética , Pólen/fisiologia , Proteínas F-Box/genética , Proteínas F-Box/metabolismo , Ribonucleases/metabolismo , Ribonucleases/genética , Sequência de AminoácidosRESUMO
In this article, chiral covalent organic framework core-shell composite CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 was facilely synthesized by induction at room temperature. The CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 core-shell composite was used as a chiral stationary phase for the separation of the racemates by high-performance liquid chromatography, which exhibits good separation performance for chiral compounds including ketones, alcohols, esters, epoxides, carboxylic acids, amides, and amines. The effects of analyte injection mass on the enantioseparation were studied. The reproducibility and stability of the CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 chiral column were explored. The intra-day (n = 5), inter-day (n = 5), and inter-column (n = 3) relative standard deviations for the migration times and resolution of benzoin were 0.32%-0.54%, 0.45%-0.61%, and 1.21%-1.53%, respectively. In addition, the chiral separation ability of the CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 chiral column (column A) was compared with that of the MDI-ß-CD-Modified COF@SiO2 (column B) as well as a commercial chiral column (Chiralpak AD-H). The chiral recognition ability of column A is complementary to that of column B and AD-H column. The resolution mechanism of CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 stationary phase towards chiral analyte was explored. Hence, the synthesis of CCOF-TpPa-Py@SiO2 core-shell composite by induction at room temperature as chiral stationary phases for chromatographic separation has important research potential and application prospects.
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OBJECTIVES: Toxicants inhibit microbial fermentation and reduce product titres. This work investigated the glycerol production characteristics of Candida glycerinogenes in highly toxic unwashed undetoxified hydrolysate and provided new ideas for high glycerol production from hydrolysates. RESULTS: The unwashed hydrolysate contains higher concentrations of toxicants, such as furfural, acetic acid, phenols and NaCl than the washed alkali-treated bagasse hydrolysate. C. glycerinogenes fermented unwashed undetoxified hydrolysate yielded 36.1 g/L glycerol, 15.8% higher than the washed hydrolysate, suggesting that the toxicants stimulated glycerol synthesis. qRT-PCR analysis showed that toxicants of unwashed undetoxified hydrolysates greatly up-regulated the transcript levels of the genes GPD1, HXT4 and MSN4 et al. Overexpressing the above genes increased glycerol production by 27.9% to 46.1 g/L. And it was further increased by 8.8% to 50.1 g/L in a 5 L bioreactor. CONCLUSIONS: This result proves that toxicants in lignocellulosic hydrolysates can increase the titre of microbial glycerol production.
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A novel CCOF core-shell composite material (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 was prepared via asymmetric catalytic and in situ growth strategy. The prepared (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 was utilized as separation medium for HPLC enantioseparation using normal-phase and reversed-phase chromatographic modes, which displays excellent chiral separation performance for alcohols, esters, ketones, and epoxides, etc. Compared with chiral commercial chromatographic columns (Chiralpak AD-H and Chiralcel OD-H columns) and some previously reported chiral CCOF@SiO2 (CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 and MDI-ß-CD-modified COF@SiO2)-packed columns, there are 4, 3, 13, and 15 tested racemic compounds that could not be resolved on the Chiralpak AD-H column, Chiralcel OD-H column, CC-MP CCTF@SiO2 column, and MDI-ß-CD-modified COF@SiO2 column, respectively, which indicates that the resolution effect of (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2-packed column can be complementary to the other ones. The effects of the analyte mass, column temperature, and mobile phase composition on the enantiomeric separation were investigated. The chiral column exhibits good reproducibility after multiple consecutive injections. The RSDs (n = 5) of the peak area and retention time were less than 1.5% for repetitive separation of 2-methoxy-2-phenylethanol and 1-phenyl-1-pentanol. The chiral core-shell composite (S)-DTP-COF@SiO2 exhibited good enantiomeric separation performance, which not only demonstrates its potential as a novel CSP material in HPLC but also expands the range of applications for chiral COFs.
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BACKGROUND: Carboxypeptidase is an exopeptidase that hydrolyzes amino acids at the C-terminal end of the peptide chain and has a wide range of applications in food. However, in industrial applications, the relatively low catalytic efficiency of carboxypeptidases is one of the main limiting factors for industrialization. RESULTS: The study has enhanced the catalytic efficiency of Bacillus megaterium M32 carboxypeptidase (BmeCPM32) through semi-rational design. Firstly, the specific activity of the optimal mutant, BmeCPM32-M2, obtained through single-site mutagenesis and combinatorial mutagenesis, was 2.2-fold higher than that of the wild type (187.9 versus 417.8 U mg-1), and the catalytic efficiency was 2.9-fold higher (110.14 versus 325.75 s-1 mmol-1). Secondly, compared to the wild type, BmeCPM32-M2 exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in half-life at 60 °C, with no significant changes in its enzymatic properties (optimal pH, optimal temperature). Finally, BmeCPM32-M2 significantly increased the umami intensity of soy protein isolate hydrolysate by 55% and reduced bitterness by 83%, indicating its potential in developing tasty protein components. CONCLUSION: Our research has revealed that the strategy based on protein sequence evolution and computational residue mutation energy led to an improved catalytic efficiency of BmeCPM32. Molecular dynamics simulations have revealed that a smaller substrate binding pocket and increased enzyme-substrate affinity are the reasons for the enhanced catalytic efficiency. Furthermore the number of hydrogen bonds and solvent and surface area may contribute to the improvement of thermostability. Finally, the de-bittering effect of BmeCPM32-M2 in soy protein isolate hydrolysate suggests its potential in developing palatable protein components. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Bacillus megaterium , Proteínas de Bactérias , Carboxipeptidases , Paladar , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidases/metabolismo , Carboxipeptidases/genética , Carboxipeptidases/química , Bacillus megaterium/enzimologia , Bacillus megaterium/genética , Cinética , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Estabilidade Enzimática , Engenharia de Proteínas , Biocatálise , Proteínas de Soja/química , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Mutagênese Sítio-Dirigida , Aromatizantes/química , Aromatizantes/metabolismo , CatáliseRESUMO
Patients with biliary tract cancer (BTC) were associated with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options after first-line therapy currently. In this study, we sought to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of sintilimab plus anlotinib as the second-line treatment for patients with advanced BTC. Eligible patients had histologically confirmed locally advanced unresectable or metastatic BTC and failed after the first-line treatment were recruited. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Simultaneously, association between clinical outcomes and genomic profiling and gut microbiome were explored to identify the potential biomarkers for this regimen. Twenty patients were consecutively enrolled and received study therapy. The trail met its primary endpoint with a median OS of 12.3 months (95% CI: 10.1-14.5). Only four (20%) patients were observed of the grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) and no grade 4 or 5 TRAEs were detected. Mutation of AGO2 was correlated with a significantly longer OS. Abundance of Proteobacteria was associated with inferior clinical response. Therefore, sintilimab plus anlotinib demonstrated encouraging anti-tumor activity with a tolerable safety profile and deserved to be investigated in larger randomized trials for patients with advanced BTC subsequently.
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Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar , Humanos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Sistema Biliar/genética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Reproductive hormones play vital roles in reproductive health and can be used to assess a woman's ovarian function and diagnose diseases associated with reproductive endocrine disorders. As these hormones are important biomarkers for reproductive health monitoring and diagnosis, a rapid, high-throughput, and low-invasive detection and simultaneous assessment of the levels of multiple reproductive hormones has important clinical applications. In this work, a quadruplex ultrasensitive immunoassay was developed for simultaneous assessment of 4 human reproductive hormone proteins (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PRL), and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH)) in a variety of human biofluid samples. This assay takes advantage of single-molecule imaging of microwell arrays and capture antibody beads as a reaction interface to construct multiplex bead array immunoassays. The analyte-bound beads can easily be parsed to individual wells and detected via fluorophores, emitting distinct wavelengths associated to the beads. As a result, this proposed quadruplex immunoassay exhibits four good 4-parameter logistic calibration curves ranging from 2.7 to 2000, 1.6 to 1200, 1.8 to 1300, and 0.3 to 220 pg/mL with limits of detection of 0.32, 0.28, 0.14, and 0.02 pg/mL for FSH, LH, PRL, and AMH, respectively. Furthermore, the developed quadruplex immunoassay was used to test clinical venous serum samples where it showed remarkable consistency with clinical test results in methodological comparison and the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. In addition, we successfully applied the ultrasensitive capability of this assay to the simultaneous testing and evaluation of four proteins in fingertip blood as well as urine samples, in which the urinary AMH level (1.42-156 pg/mL) was measured and assessed quantitatively for the first time.
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Hormônio Luteinizante , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico , Feminino , Humanos , Hormônio Foliculoestimulante , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/diagnóstico , Hormônio Antimülleriano , ImunoensaioRESUMO
In this study, a rapid diagnosis platform was developed for the detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. An electrical double layer (EDL)-gated field-effect transistor-based biosensor (BioFET) as a point-of-care testing device is demonstrated with its high sensitivity, portability, high selectivity, quick response, and ease of use. The specially designed ssDNA probe was immobilized on the extended gate electrode to bind the target complementary DNA segment of E. coli, resulting in a sharp drain current change within minutes. The limit of detection for target DNA is validated to a concentration of 1 fM in buffer solution and serum. Meanwhile, the results of a Kelvin probe force microscope were shown to have reduced surface potential of the DNA immobilized sensors before and after the cDNA detection, which is consistent with the decreased drain current of the BioFET. A 1.2 kb E. coli duplex DNA synthesized in plasmid was sonicated and detected in serum samples with the sensor array. Gel electrophoresis was used to confirm the efficiency of sonication by elucidating the length of DNA. Those results show that the EDL-gated BioFET system is a promising platform for rapid identification of pathogens for future clinical needs.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Infecções por Escherichia coli , Escherichia coli O157 , Humanos , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , DNA de Cadeia Simples , Eletrodos , Escherichia coli O157/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMO
BaTiO3 octahedra, edge-, and corner-truncated cubes, and cubes with four tunable sizes from 132 to 438 nm are synthesized by a solvothermal growth approach. Acetic acid treatment can cleanly remove BaCO3 impurity. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra help to confirm the particles have a tetragonal crystal structure. The crystals also exhibit size- and facet-dependent bandgap shifts. BaTiO3 octahedra show larger piezoelectric, ferroelectric, and pyroelectric effects than truncated cubes and cubes. The measured dielectric constant differences should be associated with their various facet-dependent behaviors. Piezoelectric nanogenerators fabricated from BaTiO3 octahedra consistently show the best performance than those containing truncated cubes and cubes. In particular, a nanogenerator with 30 wt.%-incorporated octahedra displays an open-circuit voltage of 23 V and short-circuit current of 324 nA. The device performance is also highly stable. The maximum output power reaches 3.9 µW at 60 MΩ. The fabricated nanogenerator can provide sufficient electricity to power light-emitting diodes. This work further demonstrates that various physical properties of semiconductor crystals show surface dependence.
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Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignant neoplasm affecting the male reproductive system globally. However, the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches fall short of meeting the demands posed by PCa. Poor expression of miRNA-203 (miR-203) within PCa tissues and cells implies its potential utility as a diagnostic indicator for PCa. Exosomes (Exo), membranous vesicles released by various cells, are rich reservoirs of miRNAs. However, the presence of miR-203 presents within Exo derived from PCa cells remains unclarified. In this study, Exo was isolated from urine specimens collected from clinical PCa patients and LNCaP cells to detect miR-203 expression. Meanwhile, the impact of overexpressed miR-203 on M0 macrophages (mø) was analyzed. Subsequently, alterations in the proliferative, migratory, and invasive capacities of LNCaP cells were examined within a co-culture system featuring elevated miR-203 levels in both macrophages and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, the repercussions of miR-203 upregulation or inhibition were explored in a murine PCa tumor model. The results revealed that Exo manifested a circular or elliptical morphology, encapsulating a phospholipid bilayer approximately 100 nm in diameter. Notably, Exo readily infiltrated, with both Exo and miR-203-overexpressing Exo prompting macrophage polarization toward the M1 subtype. In the co-culture system, miR-203 exhibited pronounced suppression of LNCaP cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while concurrently fostering apoptosis as compared with the LNCaP group (Control). In vivo experiments further disclosed that miR-203 greatly inhibited the growth of PCa tumors in nude mice. Markedly heightened expression of M1 macrophage markers such as IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-12, CXCL9, and CXCL10 was observed within the tumor microenvironment following miR-203 intervention, as opposed to the model group. However, the introduction of miR-203 antagomir led to a reversal in tumor growth trends. This investigation indicates the presence of miR-203 within the urine of PCa patients and Exo originating from cells, and that miR-203 exerted antitumor effect by facilitating M1 macrophage polarization. Our study furnishes valuable insights into the potential applicability of miR-203 as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target for PCa.
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AIMS: To investigate the effect of CgMCUR1 on the phenotype of Candida glycerinogenes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. METHODS AND RESULTS: Inhibition of CgMCUR1 expression reduced acetate, H2O2, and high temperature tolerance of C. glycerinogenes. Expression of CgMCUR1 resulted in better acetic acid, H2O2, and high temperature tolerance in recombinant S. cerevisiae. Meanwhile, CgMCUR1 was able to enhance intracellular proline accumulation. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that overexpression of CgMCUR1 affected proline metabolism in recombinant S. cerevisiae. The overexpression strain also showed reduced levels of cellular lipid peroxidation and an altered ratio of saturated fatty acid (SFA) to unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) in the cell membrane. The ethanol production of recombinant S. cerevisiae at high temperature was 30.9 g l-1, obtaining an increase of 12%, and the conversion rate was increased by 12%. In the undetoxified cellulose hydrolysate, the ethanol yield was 14.7 g l-1 at 30 h with an improvement of 18.5%, and the conversion rate was increased by 15.3%. CONCLUSIONS: Overexpression of CgMCUR1 rendered the acetic acid, H2O2, and high temperature tolerant of recombinant S. cerevisiae and enhanced the ethanol fermentation performance of recombinant S. cerevisiae under high temperature stress and in undetoxified cellulose hydrolysate by improving intracellular proline accumulation and by changing cellular physiological metabolism.
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Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Fermentação , Celulose/metabolismo , Ácido Acético/metabolismo , ProlinaRESUMO
Pinene is a commercially important monoterpene that can be prepared using engineered bacterial and yeast species; however, high pinene levels can adversely affect the stability and permeability of microbial membranes leading to significantly reduced growth yields. This study reports that the fluidities and permeabilities of cell membranes of Candida glycerinogenes decrease as pinene levels increase resulting in adverse effects on cell growth. Exposure of cells to pinene results in upregulation of the genes encoding ergosterol and trehalose whose production helps stabilize their cell membranes. Exogenous addition of ergosterol and trehalose to pinene-treated cells also reduces the fluidity and permeability of the cell membrane, whilst also reducing production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. This led to the finding that the biomass of yeast cells cultivated in shake flask systems are improved by exogenous addition of trehalose and ergosterol. Overexpression of genes that encode trehalose and ergosterol produced a recombinant C. glycerinogenes strain that was found to tolerate higher concentrations of pinene.
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Ergosterol , Trealose , Trealose/farmacologia , Trealose/metabolismo , Ergosterol/metabolismo , Membrana Celular , Pichia/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process linked to metastasis and drug resistance with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) playing pivotal roles. We previously showed that miR-100 and miR-125b, embedded within the third intron of the ncRNA host gene MIR100HG, confer resistance to cetuximab, an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody, in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, whether the MIR100HG transcript itself has a role in cetuximab resistance or EMT is unknown. METHODS: The correlation between MIR100HG and EMT was analyzed by curating public CRC data repositories. The biological roles of MIR100HG in EMT, metastasis and cetuximab resistance in CRC were determined both in vitro and in vivo. The expression patterns of MIR100HG, hnRNPA2B1 and TCF7L2 in CRC specimens from patients who progressed on cetuximab and patients with metastatic disease were analyzed by RNAscope and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: The expression of MIR100HG was strongly correlated with EMT markers and acted as a positive regulator of EMT. MIR100HG sustained cetuximab resistance and facilitated invasion and metastasis in CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo. hnRNPA2B1 was identified as a binding partner of MIR100HG. Mechanistically, MIR100HG maintained mRNA stability of TCF7L2, a major transcriptional coactivator of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling, by interacting with hnRNPA2B1. hnRNPA2B1 recognized the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) site of TCF7L2 mRNA in the presence of MIR100HG. TCF7L2, in turn, activated MIR100HG transcription, forming a feed forward regulatory loop. The MIR100HG/hnRNPA2B1/TCF7L2 axis was augmented in specimens from CRC patients who either developed local or distant metastasis or had disease progression that was associated with cetuximab resistance. CONCLUSIONS: MIR100HG and hnRNPA2B1 interact to control the transcriptional activity of Wnt signaling in CRC via regulation of TCF7L2 mRNA stability. Our findings identified MIR100HG as a potent EMT inducer in CRC that may contribute to cetuximab resistance and metastasis by activation of a MIR100HG/hnRNPA2B1/TCF7L2 feedback loop.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas Grupo A-B , MicroRNAs , RNA Longo não Codificante , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Cetuximab/genética , Cetuximab/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Ribonucleoproteínas Nucleares Heterogêneas Grupo A-B/genética , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Proteína 2 Semelhante ao Fator 7 de Transcrição/genética , Proteína 2 Semelhante ao Fator 7 de Transcrição/metabolismo , Via de Sinalização Wnt/genéticaRESUMO
RATIONALE: Anlotinib is a multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, approved in China for treating several cancer types. Dose individualization based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a useful tool to reduce toxicity. However, it is not convenient for patients to go to hospital for routine TDM via venous blood sampling at a certain time. METHODS: An ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for determination of anlotinib in human plasma and dried blood spot (DBS), characterized by simple sample preparation, high sensitivity, and short analysis time. The assay was validated in the concentration range of 0.2-200 ng/mL in plasma and 5-1000 ng/mL in DBS. This method was applied to monitor anlotinib exposure levels in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer (BTC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). RESULTS: The trough plasma concentration (Ctrough ) of anlotinib was highly variable among BTC patients with coefficients of variation (CV) of 47.5%. DBS and venous blood samples were also collected from NSCLC patients to determine whether DBS sampling is a viable alternative sampling approach. Pearson correlation coefficient (R) between DBS and plasma concentration was 0.985. Bland-Altman plot demonstrated that the difference between estimated and measured plasma concentration was -2.9%. And 87% of sample pairs had a maximal deviation of ±20%. CONCLUSIONS: Anlotinib exhibits a high inter-individual variability in plasma exposure, and DBS sampling could be a promising tool for TDM of anlotinib.
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Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/tratamento farmacológico , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida/métodos , Teste em Amostras de Sangue Seco/métodos , Humanos , Indóis , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Quinolinas , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodosRESUMO
Cellulose is one of the main raw materials for production of green ethanol, but the presence of the growth inhibitor furfural in non-detoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysates often seriously affects their utilization. In a previous study, we obtained strains of Candida glycerinogenes that were tolerant to furfural, but at concentrations above 2.5 g L-1 there was a significant increase in the growth lag phase. In this work, transcription factor genes (SEF1, STB5, CAS5, and ETP1) associated with furfural tolerance were identified and employed to obtain modified strains permitting ethanol fermentation of concentrated and non-detoxified cellulose hydrolysates containing more than 2.5 g L-1 furfural. Tolerance to furfural could be increased to 4.5 g L-1 by overexpression of either STB5 or ETP1, which have different regulation patterns. Moreover, in non-detoxified and concentrated cellulose hydrolysate, overexpression of ETP1 significantly shortened the growth lag phase and ethanol fermentation time was reduced by 17-20%. In batch fermentations fed with concentrated non-detoxified lignocellulose hydrolysate, ethanol productivity and maximum ethanol concentration reached 2.4 g L-1 h-1 and 72.5 g L-1, increases of 26.1% and 6.6%, respectively. The results provided a route for the economic use of lignocellulose for chemical production.
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Celulose , Furaldeído , Celulose/metabolismo , Etanol , Fermentação , Furaldeído/farmacologia , Hidrólise , Pichia , Fatores de Transcrição/genéticaRESUMO
Given the huge economic burden caused by chronic and acute diseases on human beings, it is an urgent requirement of a cost-effective diagnosis and monitoring process to treat and cure the disease in their preliminary stage to avoid severe complications. Wearable biosensors have been developed by using numerous materials for non-invasive, wireless, and consistent human health monitoring. Graphene, a 2D nanomaterial, has received considerable attention for the development of wearable biosensors due to its outstanding physical, chemical, and structural properties. Moreover, the extremely flexible, foldable, and biocompatible nature of graphene provide a wide scope for developing wearable biosensor devices. Therefore, graphene and its derivatives could be trending materials to fabricate wearable biosensor devices for remote human health management in the near future. Various biofluids and exhaled breath contain many relevant biomarkers which can be exploited by wearable biosensors non-invasively to identify diseases. In this article, we have discussed various methodologies and strategies for synthesizing and pattering graphene. Furthermore, general sensing mechanism of biosensors, and graphene-based biosensing devices for tear, sweat, interstitial fluid (ISF), saliva, and exhaled breath have also been explored and discussed thoroughly. Finally, current challenges and future prospective of graphene-based wearable biosensors have been evaluated with conclusion. Graphene is a promising 2D material for the development of wearable sensors. Various biofluids (sweat, tears, saliva and ISF) and exhaled breath contains many relevant biomarkers which facilitate in identify diseases. Biosensor is made up of biological recognition element such as enzyme, antibody, nucleic acid, hormone, organelle, or complete cell and physical (transducer, amplifier), provide fast response without causing organ harm.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Líquidos Corporais , Grafite , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Biomarcadores , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Grafite/química , HumanosRESUMO
The complex process of wound healing depends on the coordinated interaction between various immunological and biological systems, which can be aided by technology. This present review provides a broad overview of the medical applications of piezoelectric and triboelectric nanogenerators, focusing on their role in the development of wound healing technology. Based on the finding that the damaged epithelial layer of the wound generates an endogenous bioelectric field to regulate the wound healing process, development of technological device for providing an exogenous electric field has therefore been paid attention. Authors of this review focus on the design and application of piezoelectric and triboelectric materials to manufacture self-powered nanogenerators, and conclude with an outlook on the current challenges and future potential in meeting medical needs and commercialization.
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AIM: Splicing factor proline and glutamine rich (SFPQ) is an RNA-DNA binding protein that is dysregulated in Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. Dysregulation of SFPQ, specifically increased intron retention and nuclear depletion, has been linked to several genetic subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), suggesting that SFPQ pathology may be a common feature of this heterogeneous disease. Our study aimed to investigate this hypothesis by providing the first comprehensive assessment of SFPQ pathology in large ALS case-control cohorts. METHODS: We examined SFPQ at the RNA, protein and DNA levels. SFPQ RNA expression and intron retention were examined using RNA-sequencing and quantitative PCR. SFPQ protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescent staining. At the DNA level, SFPQ was examined for genetic variation novel to ALS patients. RESULTS: At the RNA level, retention of SFPQ intron nine was significantly increased in ALS patients' motor cortex. In addition, SFPQ RNA expression was significantly reduced in the central nervous system, but not blood, of patients. At the protein level, neither nuclear depletion nor reduced expression of SFPQ was found to be a consistent feature of spinal motor neurons. However, SFPQ-positive ubiquitinated protein aggregates were observed in patients' spinal motor neurons. At the DNA level, our genetic screen identified two novel and two rare SFPQ sequence variants not previously reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm dysregulation of SFPQ as a pathological feature of the central nervous system of ALS patients and indicate that investigation of the functional consequences of this pathology will provide insight into ALS biology.
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Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/metabolismo , Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica/patologia , Glutamina/metabolismo , Neurônios Motores/patologia , Demência Frontotemporal/genética , Glutamina/genética , Humanos , Íntrons/fisiologia , Prolina/genética , Prolina/metabolismo , Fatores de Processamento de RNA/genética , Fatores de Processamento de RNA/metabolismoRESUMO
Accurate, sensitive and rapid nucleic acid tests are important to implement timely treatment measures and control the spread of disease. Herein, we developed a novel portable platform for highly sensitive and specific detection of nucleic acids by integrating an entropy-driven amplification strategy into lateral flow assay (LFA) biosensor. We find that introducing an entropy-driven amplification strategy yields bright intensities on the test line of LFA stirp, which results in improved sensitivity for targeted nucleic acid detection. The developed LFA biosensor showed good reproducibility, specificity and sensitivity for target DNA and H1N1-RNA detection with a low detection limit of 1.43 pM and 2.02 pM, respectively. Its practical potential was also verified by detecting the target nucleic acid in human serum. More importantly, the design of an entropy-driven amplification strategy in this portable platform retained the convenient, rapid and low-cost characterizations of LFA biosensor due to the compact amplification principle and the elimination of enzyme use. Thus, we believe that this assay biosensor will certainly report its own position in the timely detection of nucleic acid, especially when the medical environment and resources are fewer.
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Técnicas Biossensoriais , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H1N1 , Ácidos Nucleicos , Entropia , Humanos , Limite de Detecção , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Efficient hexose transporters are essential for the development of industrial yeast strains with high fermentation performance. We previously identified a hexose transporter, CgHxt4, with excellent sugar uptake performance at ultra-high glucose concentrations (200 g/L) in the high sugar fermenting yeast C. glycerinogenes. To understand the working mechanism of this transporter, we constructed 87 mutants and examined their glucose uptake performance. The results revealed that five residues (N321, N322, F325, G426, and P427) are essential for the efficient glucose transport of CgHxt4. Subsequently, we focused our analysis on the roles of N321 and P427. Specifically, N321 and P427 are likely to play a role in glucose coordination and conformational flexibility, respectively. Our results help to expand the application potential of this transporter and provide insights into the working mechanism of yeast hexose transporter. KEY POINTS: ⢠Five residues, transmembrane segments 7 and 10, were found to be essential for CgHxt4. ⢠N321 and P427 are likely to play a role in glucose coordination and conformational flexibility, respectively. ⢠Chimeric CgHxt5.4TM7 significantly enhanced the performance of CgHxt5.