Sociohistorical Analysis of Normative Standards of Masculinity in the Pandemic of COVID-19: Impacts on Men's Health/Mental Health.

Objective: This study aims to analyze sociohistorically how the normative patterns of hegemonic masculinity produced impacts on men's health/mental health in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A qualitative study from a socio-historical perspective was conducted with 50 men based on an online survey. A semistructured form was applied. The data were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse method, interpreted in the light of the context of epidemic disease and hegemonic masculinity. Results: The experience of the pandemic exposed the normative patterns of masculinities from the consummation of acts representative of the pandemic context, which incited men to deny the existence of COVID-19 disease and to delay the understanding and adoption of measures to protect and control COVID-19. As a repercussion, men presented conflicts in the regulation of emotions; presented emotional suppression; were more reactive; felt threatened regarding the loss of the role of family provider, virility; and revealed a sense of invulnerability, added to the weakening of self-care. Conclusion: The discourse revealed that the men's behaviors are consistent with the characteristics of hegemonic masculinity, but express signs of recognition that this behavior causes harm to themselves and their health.

Women victims of sexual violence: adherence to chemoprevention of HIV.

This study aimed to investigate the adherence of women victims of sexual violence, to AIDS chemoprevention treatment. A quantitative study was carried out at a care service to victims of sexual violence in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil). Study participants were 172 women. Data were collected through interviews with forms and consultation of patient files. The results showed that 45.4% of the abused women were teenagers and 40.7% of the attended women were raped. Only 54% of the women were advised to use antiretrovirals to prevent HIV. Adherence to treatment occurred in 57.4% of cases and discontinuity corresponded to 42.6%. Non-adherence to treatment was attributed to psychological or emotional disorders and non-understanding of the established treatment. Therefore, it is important that professionals pay careful attention in order to perceive the conditions that might increase women's vulnerability to the infection.

Condições que interferem no cuidado às mulheres em situação de violência conjugal / Condiciones que interfieren en la atención de mujeres en situación de violencia conjugal / Conditions that interfere in the care of women in situation of conjugal violence

Resumo Objetivo conhecer as condições que interferem no cuidado às mulheres em situação de violência conjugal. Métodos estudo qualitativo ancorado na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Foram realizadas entrevistas, entre fevereiro e dezembro de 2019, com 31 profissionais de saúde atuantes em Unidades de Saúde da Família de um município do Nordeste brasileiro, as quais integraram um dos dois grupos amostrais (profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família e Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família). Resultados os elementos que interferem no cuidado à mulher em situação de violência conjugal foram representados nas categorias: Entendendo a importância da atuação profissional organizada; Reconhecendo a necessidade de preparo profissional para enfrentamento da violência conjugal; Percebendo a essencialidade do fluxo de atendimento intersetorial. Considerações finais e impactos para a prática o estudo revelou que o cuidado à mulher em situação de violência conjugal perpassa pelo preparo profissional, pela organização dos serviços de saúde e um fluxo de atendimento articulado e intersetorial. Nesse sentido, oferece subsídios que podem orientar gestores para a elaboração ações de identificação e enfrentamento da violência conjugal contra a mulher, pautadas na coparticipação e corresponsabilização das trabalhadoras da Estratégia de Saúde da Família, com fins em melhorias na assistência ofertada.

Resumen Objetivo conocer las condiciones que interfieren en el cuidado de las mujeres en situaciones de violencia conyugal. Métodos estudio cualitativo basado en la Teoría Fundamentada en los Datos. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre febrero y diciembre de 2019 con 31 profesionales de la salud que laboran en Unidades de Salud de la Familia en un municipio del noreste de Brasil, quienes formaron parte de uno de los dos grupos de la muestra (profesionales del Centro de Estrategia de Salud de la Familia y Apoyo a la Salud de la Familia). Resultados los elementos que interfieren en el cuidado de la mujer en situación de violencia intrafamiliar fueron representados en las categorías: Comprensión de la importancia de la práctica profesional organizada; Reconociendo la necesidad de preparación profesional para enfrentar la violencia doméstica; Darse cuenta de la esencialidad del flujo de atención intersectorial. Consideraciones finales e impactos para la práctica el estudio reveló que la atención a la mujer en situación de violencia conyugal permea la preparación profesional, la organización de los servicios de salud y un flujo de atención articulado e intersectorial. En este sentido, ofrece subsidios que pueden orientar a los gestores a desarrollar acciones de identificación y enfrentamiento de la violencia conyugal contra las mujeres, basadas en la coparticipación y corresponsabilidad de los trabajadores en la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, con el objetivo de mejorar la atención brindada.

Abstract Objective to know the conditions that interfere in the care of women in situation of marital violence. Methods a qualitative study anchored in Grounded Theory. Interviews were conducted, between February and December 2019, with 31 health professionals working in Family Health Units of a municipality in Northeastern Brazil, which integrated one of the two sample groups (professionals of the Family Health Strategy and Family Health Support Center). Results the elements that interfere in the care of women in situations of marital violence were represented in the categories: Understanding the importance of organized professional action; Recognizing the need for professional preparation to deal with marital violence; Realizing the essentiality of the flow of intersectoral care. Final considerations and impacts for practice the study revealed that the care for women in situations of marital violence goes through the professional preparation, the organization of health services and a flow of articulated and intersectoral care. In this sense, it offers subsidies that can guide managers to develop actions to identify and address marital violence against women, based on the co-participation and co-responsibility of the workers of the Family Health Strategy, in order to improve the assistance offered.