Dietary patterns, breakfast consumption, meals with family and associations with common mental disorders in adolescents: a school-based cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to analyze the association of dietary patterns, breakfast consumption, and the practice of having meals accompanied by the family with the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (Portuguese acronym, "ERICA"). Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, dietary patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family. RESULTS: Two patterns were found, a Healthy Dietary Pattern and an Unhealthy Dietary Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.79; 95% CI 0.70-0.89) or third (OR: 0.86; 95% CI 0.77-0.96) tercile of the Healthy Dietary Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.71; 95% CI 0.61-0.83) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.54; 95% CI 0.47-0.62), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.57-0.84) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.50; 95% CI 0.44-0.58), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders. CONCLUSION: This study observed that healthy dietary patterns are associated with better mental health in adolescents, thus should be encouraged and promoted.

Living with parents, lifestyle pattern and common mental disorders in adolescents: a school-based study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Mental health conditions represent 16% of the global burden of disease and injury in adolescents. Promotion, protection, and restoring the mental health must be considered indispensable, especially in adolescence. This study aims to verify the association of lifestyle pattern, living with parents and the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that analyzed data from 71,553 adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the Study on Cardiovascular Risks in Adolescents (ERICA), between 2013 and 2014. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to identify lifestyle pattern, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between lifestyle pattern, living with parents, and presence of CMD. RESULTS: To construct the Common Mental Disorders (CMD) variable, the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire was used. The Pattern of Healthy Lifestyle Practices found was characterized by higher water consumption, lower consumption of ultra-processed foods, the habit of eating breakfast, less exposure time to screens, habit of physical activity, and longer mean sleep time in hours. Adolescents belonging to the second (OR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.65-0.82) and third (OR: 0.44; 95% CI 0.39-0.50) terciles of the pattern, that is, those who had higher belonging to the pattern had lower chances of having CMD. Adolescents who lived with neither parent (OR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.16-1.78) were associated with a higher chance to present CMD. CONCLUSION: Living with parents can contribute to better mental health among adolescents. In addition, the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, encouraged by parents and the community, can reduce the chances of CMD in Brazilian adolescents.

School environment and obesity in adolescents from a Brazilian metropolis: cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Childhood-juvenile obesity is a globally acknowledged public health issue. The school environment has been widely assessed because it is where adolescents stay longer during the day, and it may have impact on obesity. School became a crucial environment for obesity prevention in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to associate schools' internal environment factors and its surrounding areas with obesity in adolescents from a Brazilian metropolis. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on data from the Study on Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents. The sample comprised 2,530 adolescents in the age group 12-17 years, who were enrolled in public and private schools in Belo Horizonte City, Brazil. Obesity was the dependent variable based on the cut-off point score-z + 2 for body mass index based on age. School environment's independent variables were 'managerial dependence type', 'number of drinking fountains', 'school sports environment' and 'ready-to-eat food shops' around the school (within an 800 m buffer). RESULTS: Obesity prevailed in 7.21% in sample. The largest number of drinking fountains decrease by 9% the chances of obesity in adolescents enrolled in public and private schools; however, the second and third terciles recorded for the number of ready-to-eat food shops within the 800 m buffer around schools increased by 24% and 44% the chances of obesity, respectively. CONCLUSION: School food environment aspects such as the number of operational drinking fountains and the availability of ready-to-eat food shops around the school were associated with obesity in adolescents from a Brazilian metropolis.

Coexistence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among Brazilian adolescents: Individual characteristics and school environment.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) share common and modifiable risk factors; among them, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity, alcohol intake and smoking habit. However, these factors are not observed in separate and, most often, they influence each other. Risk factors established during adolescence are highly likely to remain in adult life. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the prevalence and coexistence of risk factors for CVD, as well as to investigate individual characteristic of the adolescent and environmental factors associated with risk factors' coexistence profiles. This was a cross-sectional, national, school-based epidemiological study that estimated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic syndrome in adolescents aged 12 to 17 years who attended public and private schools located in Brazilian counties with a population of more than 100 thousand. For this study, thematic blocks referring to alcohol consumption, eating habits, smoking, and physical activity were used. The grade of membership method was used to identify the coexistence of risk and protective factors for CVD among adolescents. The study analytical sample comprised 71,552 adolescents. Multilevel logistic regression was used to assess the association between factors influencing the coexistence profile of risk factors for CVD. Based on adolescent-level variables, has shown that meeting positive criterion for Common Mental Disorders and not consuming the meals provided by the school have significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. On the other hand, school-level variables, show that studying in private schools and living in economically favored Brazilian regions have increased adolescents' likelihood of belonging to the CVD-risk profile. These results can be used to substantiate the inclusion of food environment variables in public policies focused on preventing CVD development among Brazilian adolescents.

Comida: semblante do objeto a / Food: face of the object a / Comida: semblante del objeto a

Objetivos: tecer considerações, com base no referencial psicanalítico, sobre a relação do sujeito com a comida, como semblante do objeto a, que se inscreve na lógica do consumo e do gozo, obliterando o desejo. Metodologia: a partir da psicanálise, pode-se pensar que a medicina opera com dois modelos de doenças: subtrativo e aditivo. No primeiro, o sujeito sofreria de uma negatividade e a terapia aditiva compensaria essa perda. No paradigma aditivo, um objeto se insere no corpo do sujeito e deve ser extirpado, como a obesidade. A psicanálise trabalha com a lógica do objeto a, irremediavelmente perdido para o campo do Outro, onde será buscado. Na sociedade de consumo, o sujeito obeso busca, na voracidade alimentar, o objeto perdido. A psicanálise instaura o desafio de encontrar possibilidades de gozo que permitem outra felicidade no mundo contemporâneo, sem obliterar a falta e o desejo.

Objectives: to weave considerations based on psychoanalysis about the relation of the subject to food, as a face of the object a, inscripted in consumption and the logic of enjoyment, obliterating the desire. Methodology: from psychoanalysis, one might think that medicine operates according to two disease models: additive and subtractive. At first, the subject suffers from negativity and the additive therapy could offset this loss. In the additive paradigm, an object is inserted in the subject's body and must be eliminated, such as obesity. Psychoanalysis works with the logic of an object a, which is irretrievably lost to the field of the Other, where it will be searched. In the consumer society, the obese subject seeks the lost object, in the feed voracity. Thus, psychoanalysis introduces the challenge of finding ways of enjoyment that allow other happiness in the contemporary world, without obliterating the lack and desire.

Objetivos: tejer consideraciones, a partir del referencial psicoanalítico, sobre la relación del sujeto con la comida, como semblante del objeto a, que se inscribe en la lógica del consumo y del placer, obliterando el deseo. Metodología: a partir del psicoanálisis, se puede pensar que la medicina opera con dos modelos de enfermedades: sustractivo y aditivo. En el primero, el sujeto sufriría una negatividad y la terapia aditiva compensaría esa pérdida. En el paradigma aditivo, un objeto se insiere en el cuerpo del sujeto y debe ser extirpado, como la obesidad. El psicoanálisis trabaja con la lógica del objeto a, irremediablemente perdido para el campo del Otro, donde será buscado. En la sociedad de consumo, el sujeto obeso busca el objeto perdido en la voracidad alimentaria. El psicoanálisis instaura el desafío de encontrar posibilidades de placer que permitan otra felicidad en el mundo contemporáneo, sin obliterar la falta y el deseo.