Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of five bioactive components in the Corydalis yanhusuo total alkaloids transdermal patch following Shenque acupoint application in rats assessed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of the Corydalis yanhusuo total alkaloids transdermal patch (CTTP) following Shenque acupoint application in rats. The concentrations of corydaline, tetrahydropalmatine, tetrahydrocolumbamine, protopine, and dehydrocorydaline in rat plasma and various tissues were simultaneously detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry after Shenque acupoint administration of CTTP. Plasma, heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney tissue samples were collected at specific times and separated by gradient elution on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column (1.8 µm, 100 mm × 2.1 mm) with a mobile phase of 0.01% formic acid aqueous solution and acetonitrile-0.01% formic acid. The methodological results showed that the selectivity, linear range, accuracy, precision, stability, matrix effect, and extraction recovery of the established method met the requirements of biological sample analysis. The results indicated that CTTP following Shenque acupoint administration rapidly delivered adequate drug into rat blood and maintained an effective plasma level for a significantly longer time than non-acupoint administration. Furthermore, CTTP effectively reached the liver through Shenque acupoint administration and showed tissue selectivity. The data obtained could provide a prospect for the treatment of chronic pain with CTTP following Shenque acupoint application.

Effects of a Doula instrument combined with auricular acupuncture and acupoint application on numerical rating scale scores, labour time of puerperae with a natural delivery and Apgar scores of the newborns.

Objective: To determine how a combination of auricular acupuncture, acupoint application and the Doula instrument affects numerical rating scale (NRS) scores, labour time of puerperae and the Apgar scores of newborns during natural delivery. Methods: This is a retrospective study. From January 2021 to December 2022, clinical data were collected from 90 healthy primiparae who completed natural delivery at Baoding Maternal and Child Health Hospital. They were divided into two groups based on different perinatal intervention methods. While the Doula instrument was used for the control group's perinatal intervention, the study group received a combination of auricular acupuncture, acupoint application and the Doula instrument during their perinatal period. Results: The NRS score of the study group was lower than that of the control group, demonstrating that their intergroup difference is statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incubation period, the active phase of the first stage of labour and the time of the second and third stages of work are shorter in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Intergroup comparison of their one and five minutes Apgar scores demonstrates no statistically significant differences (P > 0.05). Expression levels in the study group are higher than in the control group five minutes after delivery (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In this case, a perinatal intervention comprising auricular acupuncture, acupoint application and the Doula instrument was used for puerperae undergoing natural delivery.

[Anti-asthma components and mechanism of Kechuanting acupoint application therapy: based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology].

This study aims to explore the anti-asthma components and mechanism of Kechuanting acupoint application therapy(KAAT) based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. A total of 60 asthma patients who had used low-dose inhaled corticosteroids-formoterol(ICS-formoterol) for a long time were randomized into the western medicine group(low-dose ICS-formoterol) and western medicine+Kechuanting group(KAAT+low-dose ICS-Formoterol), 30 in either group. In addition, 30 healthy people were included as the control(no intervention). The asthma control test(ACT) score, forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1), and peak expiratory flow(PEF) were measured in the western medicine group and western medicine+Kechuanting group before and after treatment. The potential biomarkers of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were screened by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with multivariate analysis, and the related metabolic pathways were further analyzed. UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, together with network pharmacology, was employed to construct the component-target-pathway network. Thereby, the effective components and me-chanism of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were clarified. According to the ACT score, FEV1, and PEF, KAAT was effective in the treatment of asthma. A total of 10 endogenous biomarkers of KAAT in the treatment of asthma were screened by serum metabolomics, and the pathways of the metabolism of glycine, serine and threonine, and the metabolism of glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid were obtained. UPLC/LTQ-Orbitrap-MS identified 51 chemical components of KAAT: 24 flavonoids, 11 alkaloids, 8 phenols, 2 diterpenoids, 2 triterpenoids, 2 glycosides, and 2 aldehydes. Network pharmacology analysis suggested that KAAT mainly acted on serum crea-tinine(SRC), matrix metalloproteinase 9(MMP-9), and other target proteins. The treatment was closely related to metabolic pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B(PI3 K-Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), and calcium signaling pathway. Sinapine thiocyanate, corydaline, dihydroberberine, stylopine, leonticine, N-methyl tetrahydroberberine, kaempferide, erio-dictyol, quercetin, catechin, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, ingenol, and luteolin may be potential effective compounds of KAAT in the treatment of asthma. This study preliminarily revealed that the effective components and mechanism of KAAT in treatment of asthma based on serum metabolomics and network pharmacology. It lays a theoretical foundation for in-depth study of the mechanism and clinical development and application.

[Acupoint application combined with virtual reality technology to relieve pain after circumcision in children].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of acupoint application combined with virtual reality (VR) technology in relieving pain after circumcision in children. METHODS: Using a random number table, we divided 106 children undergoing circumcision into a control and an intervention group of an equal number, the former receiving routine nursing care, and the latter acupoint application combined with VR technology. We compared between the two groups the postoperative pain scores with the Changhai pain ruler, the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) scores, and the satisfaction of the patients and their families. RESULTS: Compared with the controls, the patients in the intervention group showed a significantly lower HAMA score (ï¼»2.94 ± 0.98ï¼½ vs ï¼»1.06 ± 0.92ï¼½, P < 0.05) and postoperative pain score (ï¼»5.96 ± 1.24ï¼½ vs ï¼»3.66 ± 1.18ï¼½, P < 0.05), but higher satisfaction in the patients and their families (86.79% vs 98.11%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Acupoint application combined with VR technology for children after circumcision has the advantages of effectively relieving the anxiety of the patients, distracting their attention, increasing the pain perception threshold, reducing the perception of pain, improving the satisfaction of the patients and their family members.

Effectiveness of Acupoint Application in Patients with Pharyngeal Pain: Evidence from CHUNBO, A Prospective Real-World Study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes after acupoint application in patients with pharyngeal pain in a real-world settings, and analyze the characteristics of effective population and prescription characteristics of acupoint application. METHODS: Based on CHUNBO platform, patients with pharyngeal pain who were candidates for acupoint application on the basis of physician-evaluation, were enrolled in a nationwide, prospective, 69-week multicenter observational study from August 2020 to February 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to match the confounding factors and the association rules were used to analyze the characteristics of effective population and prescription characteristics of acupoint application. Outcome assessments included the disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain (within 3, 7, and 14 days), disappearance time of pharyngeal pain, as well as adverse events. RESULTS: Of 7,699 enrolled participants, 6,693 (86.9%) received acupoint application and 1,450 (21.7%) with non-acupoint application. After PSM, there were 1,004 patients each in the application group (AG) and non-application group (NAG). The disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain in the AG at 3, 7, and 14 days were all higher than those in the NAG (P<0.05). The disappearance time of pharyngeal pain in the AG were shorter than that in the NAG (logrank P<0.001, hazard ratio=1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.41-1.63). The median age of effective cases was 4 years, mainly 3-6 years old (40.21%). The disappearance rate of pharyngeal pain in the application group with tonsil diseases was 2.19 times higher than that in the NAG (P<0.05). The commonly used acupoints for the effective cases were Tiantu (RN 22), Shenque (RN 8) and Dazhui (DU 14). The commonly used herbs for the effective cases were Natrii sulfas, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and Herba Ephedrae. Among them, Natrii sulfas was applied to RN 8 most frequently (support 84.39%). A total of 1,324 (17.2%) patients experienced AEs, and mainly occurred in the AG, with significant difference in the incidence of AEs between goups (P<0.05). All AEs reported were the first grade, and the average regression days of AEs was 2.8 days. CONCLUSIONS: Acupoint application in patients with pharyngeal pain resulted in improved effective rate and shortened duration, especially children aged 3-6 years old, and those with tonsil diseases. Acupoint of RN 22, RN 8 and DU 14, Natrii sulfas, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, and Herba Ephedrae were the most commonly used herbs in the treatment of pharyngeal pain.

Comparison of efficacy of acupuncture-related therapies in treating Acute Gouty Arthritis: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: and purpose: Acupuncture and moxibustion, as a complementary and alternative therapy, has been widely used in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis (AGA). However, there are various forms of acupuncture and moxibustion, and the curative effect of different forms is different. This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of different acupuncture therapies in treating AGA by network meta-analysis. Methods: Computer searches of English databases (including PubMed, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, Embase) and Chinese databases (including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, Wanfang Database and China Biomedical Literature Database) were conducted for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture therapies in treating AGA. We set the search time from the database establishment to May 2022. Data analysis was performed using Stata14.2 software. Results: Thirty-two RCTs involving 2434 patients with AGA were screened out. The results showed that in terms of the improvement of pain visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, the top ones were acupoint application (100%), electroacupuncture + Western medicine (73.5%) and acupuncture + Western medicine (69.2%); In terms of total effective rate, acupoint application (85.2%), acupuncture (75.2%) and acupuncture + Western medicine (63%) ranked the top; In terms of reducing serum uric acid (SUA) levels, the top ones were acupoint application (95%), acupuncture + Western medicine (87.5%) and acupuncture (66.2%); In terms of the reduction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), acupuncture (95%), acupoint application (84.7%), and electroacupuncture + Western medicine (52.8%) were the most prominent. Conclusion: The existing evidence shows that acupoint application has more advantages in improving the total effective rate, improving pain and reduce SUA levels, and acupuncture has an advantage in reducing ESR levels and adverse events. However, due to the low qualities of the original studies, the quality of this evidence is poor. Therefore, it is recommended that more scientific research be performed to confirm the efficacy of acupuncture.

[Acupoint application for Hashimoto's thyroiditis with liver-qi stagnation: a randomized controlled trial].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of acupoint application for Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) with liver-qi stagnation. METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients of HT with liver-qi stagnation were randomly divided into an acupoint application group (75 cases, 11 cases were excluded, 5 cases dropped out) and a control group (75 cases, 12 cases excluded, 3 cases dropped out). Based on the health education combined with conventional western medicine treatment, the patients in the acupoint application group were treated with acupoint application, while the patients in the control group were treated with placebo acupoint application. Shenque (CV 8), bilateral Yongquan (KI 1), Yeshi, and ashi point were selected in both groups, with Yeshi treated once a week and the remaining acupoints treated every other day, for a total of 4 weeks. The serum levels of thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), as well as the thickness of thyroid left lobe, right lobe, and isthmus, TCM symptom score, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score, and MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) score were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Adverse reactions in both groups were observed. RESULTS: Compared with before treatment, in the acupoint application group, the serum levels of TgAb and TPOAb were reduced after treatment (P<0.05), and the scores of role physical (RP), body pain (BP), vitality (VT), role emotional (RE), and mental health (MH) in SF-36 were increased after treatment (P<0.01, P<0.001). The thickness of the thyroid isthmus after treatment was smaller than that before treatment (P<0.05), and the TCM symptom scores and HADS anxiety (HADS-A) scores after treatment were lower than those before treatment (P<0.001, P<0.01) in both groups. In the control group, the scores of physical function (PF), RP, BP, VT, and RE in SF-36 after treatment were higher than those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in serum FT3, FT4, and TSH levels within the groups (P>0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the above indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the acupoint application group and the control group was 20.0% (15/75) and 10.7% (8/75) respectively, with skin allergy being the main adverse reaction. CONCLUSION: Acupoint application could reduce the serum levels of TgAb and TPOAb in patients of HT with liver-qi stagnation, alleviate thyroid enlargement, improve TCM symptoms and anxiety, and improve quality of life, with safe and reliable clinical efficacy.

To explore the mechanism of acupoint application in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea by 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics.

Graphene-based warm uterus acupoint paste (GWUAP) is an emerging non-drug alternative therapy for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (PD), but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. SD female rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and treatment group to explore the mechanism of GWUAP in the treatment of PD. Combined with 16S rDNA and fecal metabolomics, the diversity of microbiota and metabolites in each group was comprehensively evaluated. In this study, GWUAP reduced the torsion score of PD model rats, improved the pathological morphology of uterine tissue, reduced the pathological damage score of uterine tissue, and reversed the expression levels of inflammatory factors, pain factors and sex hormones. The 16 S rDNA sequencing of fecal samples showed that the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora of the model group decreased and the abundance of Romboutsia increased, while the abundance of Lactobacillus in the intestinal flora of the treatment group increased and the abundance of Romboutsia decreased, which improved the imbalance of flora diversity in PD rats. In addition, 32 metabolites related to therapeutic effects were identified by metabolomics of fecal samples. Moreover, there is a close correlation between fecal microbiota and metabolites. Therefore, the mechanism of GWUAP in the treatment of PD remains to be further studied.

Acupoint application for postherpetic neuralgia with qi stagnation and blood stasis and its effect on related inflammatory factors and 5-HT. / ç©´ä½è´´æ•·æ²»ç–—æ°”æ»žè¡€ç˜€åž‹å¸¦çŠ¶ç–±ç–¹åŽé—ç¥žç»ç—›åŠå¯¹ç›¸å ³ç‚Žæ€§å› å­ã€5-HT的影响.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint application in treating postherpetic neuralgia(PHN) with qi stagnation and blood stasis, and its effects on serum inflammatory factors and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in patients. METHODS: A total of 136 PHN patients were randomly divided into an observation group (68 cases, 6 case dropped out) and a control group (68 cases, 5 cases dropped out). In the observation group, the combination of swelling-reducing and pain-relieving patches and acupoint application with herbal powder was used at bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Shenque (CV 8) and ashi points. Sanyinjiao (SP 6) was applied for 30 min per session, once every 7 days; and Shenque (CV 8) and ashi points were applied for 6-8 h per session, once every 1 day. In the control group, mecobalamin injection was administered at Jiaji (EX-B 2) corresponding to the neural segments governing the painful area, 1 mL per injection, once a day. Each treatment course consisted of 7 days, 4 treatment courses were required in both groups. The visual analog scale (VAS) score for pain, 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) score, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome score, and the serum levels of inflammatory factors (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) and 5-HT were compared in the patients of the two groups before and after treatment, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated. RESULTS: After treatment, the VAS scores, traditional Chinese medicine syndrome scores, serum MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and 5-HT levels were decreased compared with those before treatment in both groups (P<0.05), and the results in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). The SF-36 scores were increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the result in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the observation group was 74.2% (46/62), which was higher than 52.4% (33/63, P<0.05) of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of swelling-reducing and pain-relieving patches and acupoint application with herbal powder has shown better efficacy in treating PHN with qi stagnation and blood stasis, which can significantly alleviate patients symptoms, improve their quality of life, and reduce serum levels of MCP-1, IL-6, TNF-α, and 5-HT.

Efficacy of acupoint application in patients with overactive bladder: A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial.

OBJECTIVE: Conventional treatments for alleviating the symptoms of Overactive bladder (OAB) have been reported to have limited efficacy and a high rate of side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used in Asia countries because of its low side effects and being easy to operate. To confirm the efficacy of acupoint application treatment for alleviating OAB symptoms, a randomized and placebo-controlled pilot trial was conducted in this study. METHODS: All participants were randomly allocated into a treatment group or control group, receiving either a "Dinggui" acupoint application or placebo treatment for 4 weeks. The outcome measures were OAB symptom scores (OABSS), OAB questionnaire (OAB-q) scores, and TCM syndrome scores. Urine nerve growth factor (NGF) level, NGF normalized to urine creatinine (NGF/Cr), and maximum flow rate (Qmax) were also measured to evaluate the OAB symptoms. RESULTS: In total, 69 participants were included with 34 in the treatment group and 35 in the placebo-treated group. Treatment with "Dinggui" acupoint application showed a statistically significant decrease in OABSS scores (8.10±1.54 to 3.67±1.77), OAB-q scores (61.43±13.93 to 38.13±15.42), and TCM syndrome scores (15.60±5.98 to 9.20±4.82). The NGF and NGF/Cr were also observed meaningful changes in a decrease from 379.68 to 136.17 pg/ml and from 0.30 to 0.16 pg/mg, respectively. The Qmax value showed a significant increase from 14.40 to 24.05 ml/s. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with "Dinggui" acupoint application could be considered an effective and alternative therapy for OAB management. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer treatment periods are needed to investigate.

Effects of acupoint application therapy combined with chinese herbal medicine on perimenopausal syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of women suffer from perimenopausal syndrome (PMS) and the global burden of this disease has been steadily rising. Acupoint application therapy and Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) are widely used as effective methods for treating PMS, but the efficacy was inconsistent and the evidence should be summarized by quantitively analysis. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of the acupoint application combined with the CHM for the treatment of PMS. METHODS: We searched eight databases from their inception to August 2022 to identify relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on acupoint application combined with CHM for the treatment of PMS were included in this study. To assess the clinical efficacy and safety, meta-analysis was used to quantitively synthesize the effect estimates. Subgroup analysis, publication bias assessment and sensitivity analysis were also performed. We further assessed whether the included studies had reported on the purity and potency of the CHM used in their trials. RESULTS: A total of 8 RCTs with 560 participants were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, of which none of them included a description of an independent testing of purity or potency of the CHM product used. There were significant differences between the acupoint application combined with CHM and CHM alone in terms of Kupperman Menopausal Index (KMI) score (MD = -2.91, 95%CI: -3.91 to -1.91), total effective rate (RR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.34), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Interview (PSQI) score (MD = -2.86, 95% CI: -3.61 to -2.10) and reduction in the serum level of luteinizing hormone (LH) (MD = -2.52, 95% CI: -4.70 to -0.34), whereas there were no differences between the two groups regarding lowering serum level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (MD = -1.66, 95% CI: -3.98-0.67) and elevating serum level of oestradiol (E2) (MD = 2.41, 95% CI: -0.70-5.52). For the comparation between the acupoint application combined with CHM and western medicine (WM), the KMI score (MD = -6.80, 95%CI: -7.95 to -5.65) was substantially different, while the PSQI score (MD = -0.60, 95% CI: -1.88-0.68) was not substantially different. The total effective rate in the combined group (91.7%) was higher than the western medicine group (83.49%). CONCLUSION: Acupoint application combined with CHM may enhance the efficacy and safety of patients with PMS. However, due to the lack of description of an independent testing of purity or potency of the CHM product used in the trials, as well as blinding of participants and investigators, these results should be interpreted with caution.

[Involvement of sympathetic nerve activation in acupoint application induced improvement of gastric ulcer and motility in rats with gastric ulcer].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of mustard oil application at "Liangmen" (ST21) on gastric ulcer (GU) and gastric motility and its association with the sympathetic nerve activity in rats with GU, so as to provide experimental basis for improvement of GU by acupoint application. METHODS: Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into control (n=7), model, acupoint application (AA), medication (guanethidine, an adrenergic sympathetic antagonist) and AA+medication groups (n=8 in each of the latter 4 groups). The GU model was made by applying acetic acid-immersed filter paper onto the gastric antrum. For rats of the AA and AA+medication groups, 50% mustard oil was applied to left ST21 for 10 min, once a day, for 9 consecutive days. Rats of the medication and AA+medication groups received intraperitoneal injection of guanethidine solution (40 mg/kg) beginning from the modeling day on, once a day for 10 consecutive days. The rat's body weight of each group was recorded on the 0th, 1st, 3rd, 7th and 9th day. The intragastric peristaltic wave frequency and the myoelectrical activity (frequency of slow waves, and integration of fast waves) of the gastric smooth muscle were recorded by using PowerLab data acquisition system. The gastric ulcer area was measured after the rats were executed, and histopathological changes of gastric antrum tissues (histopathological score including epithelial cell injury, submucosal edema, hemorrhagic injury, inflammatory cell infiltration score) were observed after H.E. staining. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves and slow wave frequency of gastric smooth muscle were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.05), while the ulcer area, total histopathological score, epithelial cell injury score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score were significantly increased in the model group (P<0.05, P<0.001). Relevant to the model group, the AA group had a significant increase in the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves, slow wave frequency, integration of fast waves (P<0.05, P<0.001), and a considerable decrease in the ulcer area, total histopathological score, epithelial cell injury score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score (P<0.05, P<0.001), and the medication group has a significantly decrease in the frequency of gastric peristaltic waves (P<0.05). In comparison with the AA group, the body weight ratio, frequency of gastric peristaltic waves and slow wave frequency of gastric smooth muscle in both medication and AA+medication groups, and the integration of fast waves in the medication group were obviously lower (P<0.05, P<0.001, P<0.01), whereas the levels of ulcer area, total pathological score, submucosal edema score, hemorrhagic injury score and inflammatory cell infiltration score in both medication and AA+medication groups, and the epithelial cell injury score in medication group were significantly higher (P<0.05, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Application of mustard oil at acupoint ST21 can effectively remit GU caused by acetic acid and regulate gastric rhythmic contraction, which was mediated by sympathetic nerve.

Effectiveness of acupoint application of Xiaozhong Zhitong Tie on diarrhea in patients: a retrospective cohort study in China.

OBJECTIVE: To provide the evidence for the efficacy of acupoint application (AA) for patients with diarrhea in a real-world setting. METHODS: This study is a national multicenter retrospective cohort study. Our study consecutively collected outpatient medical records of patients with diarrhea from hundreds of primary hospitals nationwide registered in Chun Bo Wan Xiang cloud platform from 22nd August, 2020 to 5th November, 2020. The patients were divided into the treatment group and the control group according to patient's condition and willingness. The control group was treated with Western Medicine, oral Chinese Medicine decoction, or both. The treatment group was added with AA based on the control group. Multiple logistic regression was used to evaluate the independent efficacy of AA in diarrheal recovery on the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 28th day. As a next step, we also performed stratified analysis and likelihood ratio test (LRT). Sensitivity analyses included propensity score matching (PSM), four PSM-related analyses and E-value. RESULTS: The treatment group showed better efficacy than the control group on the 14th and 28th day [the 14th day: = 1.58, 95% (1.15, 2.19), 0.005; the 28th day: = 2.03, 95% (1.43, 2.88), < 0.001]. No difference was observed in efficacy of AA for the treatment of diarrhea among the subgroups ( > 0.05). PSM-related analyses confirmed the efficacy of AA in diarrheal recovery. The findings are unlikely to be nullified by an unmeasured confounding variable according to the results of E-values. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy in the treatment group was significantly more improved than that in the control group on the 14th and 28th day.

Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cutaneous Regions Therapy as adjuvant treatment of chronic heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine Cutaneous Regions Therapy (TCMCRT) as an adjunctive treatment for chronic heart failure. Methods: China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE database were searched to screen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of TCMCRT for chronic heart failure versus conventional western treatment for chronic heart failure. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias in RCTs. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to systematically evaluate the effects of conventional western treatment combined with TCMCRT on the cardiac function efficacy, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), 6-min walk test (6MWT), Minnesota Heart Failure Quality of Life Scale (MLHFQ) and Adverse effects, as well as to evaluate the safety of this treatment modality. Results: 18 RCT studies were finally included, with a total of 1388 patients, including 695 in the experimental group and 693 in the control group. The results of the Meta-analysis showed that the efficacy of improved cardiac function was better in the experimental group than in the control group [RR = 1.24, 95%CI (1.16, 1.32), P < 0.00001]. Improvement of LVEF in the experimental group was better than the control group [MD = 0.04, 95%CI (0.02, 0.05), P < 0.00001]. LVEDD were better in the experimental group than in the control group after treatment [MD = -3.63, 95% CI (-6.14, -1.12), P = 0.005]. The experimental group improved NT-proBNP better than the control group [MD = -586.26, 95%CI (-857.83, -314.68), P < 0.0001]. The experimental group improved 6MWT better than the control group [MD = 38.76, 95%CI (20.77, 56.75), P < 0.0001]. The experimental group improved MLHFQ values better than the control group [MD = -5.93, 95%CI (-7.70, -4.16), P < 0.00001]. Nine of the included studies mentioned the occurrence of adverse reactions, but none reported serious adverse reactions. Conclusion: The available evidence suggests that TCMCRT has good efficacy in the adjuvant treatment of chronic heart failure. However, due to the limitations of this study, more high-quality studies are needed to further validate this conclusion.

Clinical effect of acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster on post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. / 姜黄天灸膏穴位贴敷治疗脑卒中偏瘫肩痛临床疗效观察.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effects of acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster on pain, shoulder range of motion (ROM) and upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain (PSHSP). METHODS: Eighty-two patients with PSHSP were randomly divided into an observation group (41 cases, 1 case was eliminated, 4 cases dropped out) and a control group (41 cases, 2 cases were eliminated and 2 cases dropped out). The routine treatment, nursing care and rehabilitation training were performed in the control group. On the basis of the intervention as the control group, in the observation group, the turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster was applied to bilateral ashi points, Jianyu (LI 15), Jianliao (TE 14), Binao (LI 14), Shousanli (LI 10) and Hegu (LI 4), once a day, remained for 6 hours each time. This moxibustion therapy was operated 5 times weekly, one course of treatment consisted of 2 weeks and 2 courses were required. Separately, before treatment and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS), shoulder ROM and the score of upper limbs in Fugl-Meyer assessment (U-FMA) were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: VAS scores were lower (P<0.05), ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation was larger (P<0.05), and U-FMA scores were higher (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment when compared with those before treatment in the two groups. After 4 weeks of treatment, VAS score decreased (P<0.05), and ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and U-FMA score increased (P<0.05) in comparison with those after 2 weeks of treatment in either group. In the observation group, VAS scores were dropped (P<0.05) after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment respectively, and ROM of shoulder flexion and abduction enlarged after 2 weeks of treatment (P<0.05) when compared with those in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, ROM in shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation in the observation group was larger (P<0.05) and U-FMA score was higher (P<0.05) than those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Acupoint application with turmeric blistering moxibustion plaster may effectively reduce the degree of shoulder pain and improve the shoulder range of motion and the upper limb motor function in the patients with post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Acupoint application therapies for essential hypertension: a systematic review and Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of acupoint application therapies (AA) for hypertension. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Center Controlled Trials Register, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Wanfang Med Online Database from their inceptions to October 7, 2019. No language restriction was applied. We included randomized clinical trials testing AA against Western Medicine, AA versus placebo, AA combined with Western Medicine versus Western Medicine. Study selection, data extraction, quality assessment, and data analyses were conducted according to the Cochrane standards. RESULTS: Totally 41 trials with 3772 participants were included. The methodological quality of the included trials was evaluated as generally low. AA plus Western Medicine significantly lowered systolic blood pressure (BP) [weighted mean difference (): -10.36, 95% confidence intervals (): -12.62, -8.10; 0.000 01], diastolic BP (: -5.71, 95% : -7.30, -4.13; 0.000 01), and total effect [risk ratio (): 1.23, 95% : 1.15, 1.32; 0.000 01]. The BP-lowering effect of AA was significantly higher than that of placebo [systolic BP (SBP): -8.05, 95% : -8.67, -7.43; 0.000 01; diastolic BP (DBP): -6.66, 95% : -7.31, -6.01, 0.000 01]. The total effect also improved significantly from baseline with AA than placebo (: 10.85, 95% : 4.71, 24.98; 0.000 01). Traditional Chinese Medicine symptoms score were significantly reduced by AA compared with Western Medicine (: -1.75, 95% : -2.52, -0.99; 0.000 01), 10 trials reported adverse events, indicating that the safety of SSYX Capsule is still uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: Application therapies may be considered a safe and beneficial for the treatment of hypertension and can reduce BP and improve the total effect. Further well-designed trials are needed to support our conclusions.

[Acupoint application for exogenous fever: a multi-central retrospective cohort study].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effectiveness on exogenous fever and the characteristics of effective population, as well as the specialties of prescription of acupoint application. METHODS: Using the internet electronic diagnosis and treatment platform (Spring Broadcast Wanxiangyun Clinic Database, and the main TCM suitable technology promoted by this platform is acupoint application therapy), from August 24, 2020 to November 5, 2020, the patients complained with fever and diagnosed as common cold, with a record of initial visit and at least one return visit, were included as the subjects. According to whether acupoint application therapy was received or not, the subjects were divided into an exposure group (with acupoint application therapy, 26 664 cases) and a non-exposure group (without acupoint application therapy, 515 cases). Using the propensity score, the mixed factors, e.g. age and sex, were matched between the two groups. The disappearance rate of fever (within 2 days) and the time for the first fever disappearance were taken as the effect indexes. The association rules extraction was adopted to analyze the characteristics of effective population and acupoint application prescription in treatment of exogenous fever. RESULTS: After propensity score matching, there were 1 229 cases in the application group and 423 cases in the non-application group. The disappearance rate of fever in the application group was 1.82 times as high as that in the non-application group (P<0.05). The time for the first fever disappearance in the application group was shorter than the non-application group (P<0.01). A total of 5 370 cases were effective with acupoint application therapy, of which, the median age was 2 years old and the proportion of children patients under 6 years old was relatively high. In the effective crowd, the most commonly-used acupoints were Shenque (CV 8), Dazhui (GV 14), Yongquan (KI 1) and Tiantu (CV 22), etc. Shenque (CV 8) and Dazhui (GV 14) were highly associated and the support was 62.57%. The most common herbal materials in the acupoint application therapy included Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Natrii Sulfas, Radix Scutellariae, Herba Ephedrae and Radix Bupleuri, etc. Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas were most commonly used at Shenque (CV 8) and the supports were 57.49% and 57.21% respectively. Herba Ephedrae was most commonly applied to Shenque (CV 8) and Dazhui (GV 14) and the supports were 48.21% and 43.91% respectively. Radix Bupleuri was the most common herb at Dazhui (GV 14) with the support of 46.61%. Besides, the most commonly combined western drugs included cefixime and keteling in the acupoint application therapy and the supports were 13.07% and 12.72% respectively. CONCLUSION: Acupoint application is effective on exogenous fever. The common therapy refers to Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Natrii Sulfas plaster at Shenque (CV 8), while Herba Ephedrae and Radix Bupleuri at Dazhui (GV 14).

[Influence of acupoint application on clinical use of antibiotics: a real world study of 1.23 million primary clinic patients].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of acupoint application on the use of antibiotics in primary clinic practice, and explore the effect of acupoint application and its influence on the use of antibiotics based on common diseases in primary clinic (fever, cough, diarrhea, sore throat). METHODS: With the help of the internet electronic diagnosis and treatment platform (the main TCM suitable technology promoted by this platform is acupoint application therapy), the diagnosis and treatment data of 1.23 million patients in 2 000 primary clinics from August 24, 2020 to March 31, 2021 were collected. The patients were divided into an application group (acupoint application treatment) and a non-application group (non-acupoint application treatment), and the proportion of antibiotic use in the two groups was compared. The propensity score was used to match age, gender, concomitant symptoms, diagnosed diseases and other confounding factors of treatment, and the disappearance rate of symptoms (fever, cough, diarrhea, sore throat) and the time to first disappearance of symptoms were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 1 230 923 patients were analyzed, including 1 048 382 cases in the application group, accounting for 85.2%; 182 541 cases in the non-application group, accounting for 14.8%. The most patients who used acupoint application treatment were 0-2 years old, followed by 3-6 years old, and the patients over 15 years old who did not use acupoint application treatment were the most. The proportion of antibiotic use in the application group was 2.4%, lower than that in the non-application group (44.2%, P<0.001). The proportion of antibiotic use in all ages of patients in the application group was lower than that in the non-application group (P<0.001). Among the common diseases in primary clinic (fever, cough, diarrhea and sore throat), the proportion of antibiotic use in the application group was lower than that in the non-application group (P<0.01); the disappearance rate of symptoms in the application group was higher than that in the non-application group, and the time to first disappearance of symptoms was shorter than that in the non-application group (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Acupoint application has a certain influence on the use of antibiotics in primary clinic patients. In the treatment of common diseases, patients treated with acupoint application have better curative effect and lower proportion of antibiotic use.

Efficacy and safety of acupoint application for allergic rhinitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To use evidence-based medicine to explore the efficacy of acupoint application (AA) for allergic rhinitis (AR) at different time points and its safety. METHODS: We searched 7 databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and China Biology Medicine disc) as well as the international clinical trial registration platform from January 2010 to March 2020 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the efficacy of AA versus placebo, Western Medicine or other alternative therapies on AR. Risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane handbook, and statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. Outcomes included the total effective rate, recurrence rate, total nasal symptom score (TNSS), visual analogue scale (VAS), quality of life measured by the Rhinitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) or Short Form-36 (SF-36), adverse events, and biomarkers including immunoglobulin E (IgE), peripheral blood eosinophil count (EOS), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and interferon gamma (INF-γ). RESULTS: Twenty-eight RCTs involving 3282 participants were included. The short-term and long-term efficacy of AA was significantly better than placebo, including better total effective rate [: 3.05, 95% (1.84, 5.07), after treatment; : 9.29, 95% (2.57, 33.66), at 6 months], lower recurrence rate [: 0.55, 95% (0.45, 0.66), at 6 months; : 0.65, 95% (0.57, 0.74), at 1 year], lower TNSS [: -3.09, 95% (-3.58, -2.61), after treatment], and lower RQLQ [: -14.79, 95% (-21.49, -8.10), after treatment; : -11.92, 95% (-17.40, -6.45), at 4-6 months]. Compared with Western Medicine, AA had better long-term total effective rate [: 1.33, 95%CI (1.05, 1.69), at 3 months; : 1.49, 95% 1.22 to 1.81, at 1 year) and lower recurrence rate [: 0.48, 95% (0.39, 0.58), at 6 months; : 0.45, 95% (0.33, 0.60), at 1 year]. AA had better long-term total effective rate versus acupuncture [: 2.06, 95% (1.28, 3.31), at 1 year] or oral Chinese medicine [: 1.21, 95% (1.09, 1.34), ≥ 6 months]. Both AA and Western Medicine can reduce serum levels of IgE, EOS, and IL-4 after treatment. The main adverse event of AA was local skin reaction without systemic side effects. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term (within one month) and long-term (at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year) efficacy of acupoint application on AR was better than that of placebo. The long-term efficacy of acupoint application was superior to that of Western Medicine (at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year), oral Chinese medicine (at more than 6 months) and acupuncture (at 1 year). AA can reduce serum IgE, EOS, and IL-4 level of AR patients in a short run. Acupoint application is safe, but severe skin reactions can reduce patient compliance.

Acupoint application therapy for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disease, of which diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a common subtype. In China, acupoint application therapy is currently widely used as an effective complementary therapy for IBS-D. In the clinical management of IBS-D, acupoint application is usually combined with other therapies, including acupuncture, moxibustion, and Chinese herbal and Western medicine. However, at present, evidence regarding the most effective options for treating IBS-D is insufficient. Therefore, this protocol proposes a systematic review and network meta-analysis for evaluating the effectiveness of acupoint application and its combination therapies in treating IBS-D, and for identifying the acupoint application-related treatments with the highest probability of being the best intervention. METHODS: Six English electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE), four Chinese electronic databases [China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (CQVIP), WanFang, and SinoMed), and one Japanese medical database (Citation Information by National Institute of Informatics (CiNii)] will be searched for eligible randomized controlled trials from their inception to June 1, 2022. The efficacy and safety of acupoint application therapy and its combination therapies for patients with IBS-D will be evaluated. The STATA 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) software package will be used for the meta-analysis. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) will be performed using R (version 4.0.2) and Aggregate Data Drug Information System (ADDIS, version 1.16.8) software packages. Bias risk will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool; specifically, publication bias will be evaluated using Egger's test and funnel plots. The rank probabilities of various outcomes for each intervention will be calculated, clustered, and ranked using the cumulative ranking curve method. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method will be employed to assess the certainty of evidence for NMA outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: This study will aim to determine the clinical efficacy of acupoint application therapy and its combined therapy in the treatment of IBS-D and provide an evidence-based foundation for identifying the best acupoint application program.