[Features of the appeal for pediatric otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of increased biological risks].

The combined effect of close contact between child patients and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as the practice of aerosol-generating procedures, justify the need to take prompt organizational measures to reduce risks in the provision of pediatric otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of increased biological risks. In the pediatric ENT community, these adaptations have resulted in: judicious distribution of care to treat the most severe conditions, minimizing the risk of long-term consequences, ensuring the safety of child patients and healthcare workers through better communication methods, changing procedural precautions, the rapid introduction of telemedicine for diagnosis and treatment of patients, as well as the development of protective protocols to limit exposure to aerosol-generating procedures or manipulations to reduce the risk of exposure to a high viral load.

[Organization of children's otorhinolaryngological care in conditions of biological risks: international experience].

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred the introduction of new devices and technologies into the organization of otorhinolaryngological care, the development of safety measures and clinical work protocols in order to increase the safety of doctors and patients. Virtual outpatient clinics have been integrated into the pediatric and basic outpatient services, the potential of which for pediatric otolaryngology is considered quite significant. In otorhinolaryngological practice, the transition to the expanded use of telemedicine technologies (individual gadgets for examining ENT patients, including a direct access otoscope connected to an otolaryngologist's computer) was especially significant. The practice of pediatric ENT services tends to combine virtual and face-to-face visits, even after the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. When organizing otorhinolaryngological care, it is necessary to pay special attention to dialogic consensus - an inclusive and reflective dialogue between a doctor and a patient.

Sex Differences in Otolaryngology: Focus on the Emerging Role of Estrogens in Inflammatory and Pro-Resolving Responses.

Otolaryngology (also known as ear, nose, and throat (ENT)) diseases can be significantly affected by the level of sex hormones, which indicates that sex differences affect the manifestation, pathophysiology, and outcomes of these diseases. Recently, increasing evidence has suggested that proinflammatory responses in ENT diseases are linked to the level of sex hormones. The sex hormone receptors are present on a wide variety of immune cells; therefore, it is evident that they play crucial roles in regulating the immune system and hence affect the disease progression of ENT diseases. In this review, we focus on how sex hormones, particularly estrogens, regulate ENT diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis, vocal fold polyps, thyroid cancer, Sjögren's syndrome, and head and neck cancers, from the perspectives of inflammatory responses and specialized proresolving mediator-driven resolution. This paper aims to clarify why considering sex differences in the field of basic and medical research on otolaryngology is a key component to successful therapy for both males and females in the future.

[The experience with the education based at the clinical residency of the Department of Ear, Throat and Nose Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (on the occasion of the 260th anniversary of the Sechenovsky University)]. / Opyt obucheniia v klinicheskoi ordinature na kafedre boleznei ukha, gorla i nosa Pervogo MGMU im. I.M. Sechenova (k 260-letiiu osnovaniia Sechenovskogo universiteta).

This publication was designed to report the experience gained by the Department of ear, nose and throat diseases at I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University in the matters concerning professional medical education in the framework of the clinical residency. The main factors that contribute to the adequate shaping of the future ENT-doctor are considered. These include the continuity of generations and conservation of the traditions in the combination with the development of the leading areas of scientific, clinical and educational work.

Peculiarities of situational and personal anxiety degree in the schoolchildren with ENT chronic diseases.

BACKGROUND: A number of the QL researches in case of different pathologies are being increased during the last decade. The existing traditional research methods provide mostly arbitrary data on the disease and its treatment, which are not sufficient for the schoolchildren overall psychological and social adaptation and wellness evaluation. METHODS: The research object became schoolchildren of 3 randomly selected schools in Yerevan. 443 monitoring units formed the selection population. The degree of situational and personal anxiety was evaluated with the help of Spielberger's and Gerbachevski's tests. RESULTS: According to our research data the anxiety degree was 29,2 ± 2,3 points among the girls and 12,5 ± 1,6 points among the boys, respectively. The individual anxiety level was especially high: it made up 44,5 ± 0,8 points, and that of the situational anxiety made up 37,2 ± 0,5 points (p < 0,05). According to Gerbachovski's test in the group of schoolchildren with ENT pathology those with a high level of demands made up 53,5 ± 3,2%, with a medium level of demands - 32,4 ± 3,0% and with a low level of demands -14,1 ± 2,2%. A number of the practically healthy schoolchildren with a low level of demands made up 50,3%, and with a high level - 30,7%. CONCLUSION: According to the investigation data those children who suffer from the ENT chronic diseases usually avoided communication, were sluggish and shy. According to the results of the research, the socio-psychological and adaptation abilities of children with the ENT chronic diseases were lower than those of the practically healthy (without ENT pathologies) coevals. This fact urges to improve the prophylactic measures provision in the mentioned pathologies aspect.

Epidemiological Profile of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) Diseases in the Outpatient Department at Thung Song Hospital, a General Hospital in Southern Thailand, from 2016 to 2019.

The demand for ear, nose, and throat (ENT) care significantly contributes to the workload in outpatient departments (OPDs) worldwide, including Thailand. However, the epidemiology of ENT diseases in Thai OPDs has not been thoroughly reported. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and describe the epidemiology of these conditions among patients attending the ENT clinic at Thung Song Hospital, marking the first epidemiological report of southern Thailand. This retrospective, descriptive study spanned four years and observed the number of ENT patients. The comprehensive dataset revealed a total of 34,848 ENT visits and 12,712 new cases within the ENT clinic's OPD, averaging 3,178 case instances annually. Notably, over a quarter of the patients were classified as elderly, aged 60 years or older. Of significance, the prevalence of ENT diseases among females exceeded that of males by more than 15% each year. Specific age groups revealed distinct prevalent conditions: otitis externa was most common among children, benign tumors prevailed in adults, and sensorineural hearing loss was prominent among the elderly. This study endeavor aims to deepen the understanding of the epidemiology of these diseases. Such investigations could guide the refinement of healthcare approaches targeting ENT-related ailments.

Examining Diagnostic Errors in the Field of Otorhinolaryngology within the Challenging Landscape of Limited-Resource Healthcare.

Diagnostic accuracy is vital in otorhinolaryngology for effective patient care, yet diagnostic mismatches between non-otorhinolaryngology clinicians and ENT specialists can occur. However, studies investigating such mismatches in low-resource healthcare environments are limited. This study aims to analyze diagnostic mismatches in otorhinolaryngology within a low-resource healthcare environment. A publicly available dataset assessing diagnostic outcomes from non-otorhinolaryngology clinicians and ENT specialists was analyzed. The dataset included demographic characteristics, referral diagnoses, and final ENT specialist diagnoses. Descriptive statistics and appropriate statistical tests were employed to assess the prevalence of diagnostic mismatches and associated factors. The analysis comprised 1544 cases. The prevalence of diagnostic mismatches between non-otorhinolaryngology clinicians and ENT specialists was 67.4%. Certain specific ENT diseases demonstrated higher frequencies of diagnostic mismatches. Factors such as mismatch in the diagnosis and compliance of patient were found to influence the occurrence of diagnostic mismatches. This study highlights the presence of diagnostic mismatches in otorhinolaryngology within a low-resource healthcare environment. The prevalence of these mismatches underscores the need for improved diagnostic practices in such settings. Factors contributing to diagnostic mismatches should be further explored to develop strategies for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and reducing diagnostic errors in otorhinolaryngology.

Prevalence and global estimates of unsafe listening practices in adolescents and young adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from exposure to personal listening devices (PLDs) and loud entertainment venues in individuals aged 12-34 years, and to estimate the number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from unsafe listening worldwide. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the prevalence of unsafe listening practices from PLDs and loud entertainment venues. We searched three databases for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2021 that reported unsafe listening practices in individuals aged 12-34 years. Pooled prevalence estimates (95% CI) of exposed populations were calculated using random effects models or ascertained from the systematic review. The number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss worldwide was estimated from the estimated global population aged 12-34 years, and best estimates of exposure to unsafe listening ascertained from this review. RESULTS: Thirty-three studies (corresponding to data from 35 records and 19 046 individuals) were included; 17 and 18 records focused on PLD use and loud entertainment venues, respectively. The pooled prevalence estimate of exposure to unsafe listening from PLDs was 23.81% (95% CI 18.99% to 29.42%). There was limited certainty (p>0.50) in our pooled prevalence estimate for loud entertainment venues. Thus, we fitted a model as a function of intensity thresholds and exposure duration to identify the prevalence estimate as 48.20%. The global estimated number of young people who could be at risk of hearing loss from exposure to unsafe listening practices ranged from 0.67 to 1.35 billion. CONCLUSIONS: Unsafe listening practices are highly prevalent worldwide and may place over 1 billion young people at risk of hearing loss. There is an urgent need to prioritise policy focused on safe listening. The World Health Organization provides comprehensive materials to aid in policy development and implementation.

Insight in to the Awareness of CBCT as an Imaging Modality in the Diagnosis and Management of ENT Disorders: A Cross Sectional Study.

The advent of Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), has revolutionized 3D imaging in dentistry. CBCT has enormous potential to be used as an alternative imaging modality by Otolaryngologists. But their knowledge regarding CBCT is limited. The study aims to evaluate the awareness of CBCT as an imaging modality among Ear, nose and Throat (ENT) practitioners. The validated questionnaire was sent by email and the participants were asked to fill the google form through the link provided to record the responses. The participants were asked to answer 25 multiple choice questions regarding the general information and practice related to CBCT imaging. Data was evaluated according to the descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test was used to determine the test of significance. The response rate for this study was 84.4%. The mean age of the participants was 44.9 ± 11.3. 69% of the respondents were academicians,14.2% had exclusive clinical practice, and 16.8% had both clinical and academic exposure. Among the study population, 76.8% had never advised CBCT in their practice. Only 10.3% of the study participants were aware of the potential of CBCT in ENT disorders. The mean knowledge, attitude and practice scores were very low regarding the applications of CBCT. Most of the study participants advised CBCT for maxillofacial fractures (78.1%) and was statistically significant p < 0.05. The knowledge about various advantages and clinical applications of CBCT among Otolaryngologists is limited. However, continuing medical education and inclusion in the medical curriculum will increase the scope and awareness about CBCT among ENT fraternity.

Assessment of common otolaryngological diseases among children in rural primary schools in south eastern Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: Despite a global improvement in health care delivery, rural areas in developing countries still have poor access to specialist care. This study aims to assess the occurrences of ear, nose, and throat (ENT) disorders among rural primary school children in south-eastern Nigeria. METHODS: Two rural primary schools were selected randomly from one of the rural regions of South Eastern State of Nigeria. All the pupils of the schools who gave consent were recruited. A structured study proforma investigating the pupils' biodata, otolaryngological symptoms, ear, nose and throat examination findings, was used to evaluate each pupil in the presence of the teachers. RESULTS: A total of 246 children participated in the study. 145(58.9%) were males while 101(41.1%) were females with a mean age of 8.5 ± 2.4 years. The commonest symptoms reported were nasal discharge (20%) followed by nasal obstruction (11.1%), itching of the ears (11.1%) and sneezing bouts (10%), while 3.7% had subjective hearing impairment. The commonest ENT finding was cerumen auris (43%) and this was observed in 43.4% of males and 42.4% of females, 11% had abnormal tympanic membranes and 20% had grades 3/4 tonsils(Brodsky grading). CONCLUSION: ENT disorders are still common in children in the rural areas of developing countries. To avoid the morbidity associated with these preventable and easily manageable disorders, community health workers should be trained to manage common ENT disorders and mobile clinics with scheduled visits made available in areas where ENT services remain inaccessible.

Detecting the extent of control over selection bias relating to oral health and otorhinolaryngology: cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The authors of randomized controlled trials will usually claim that they have met the randomization process criterion. However, sequence generation schemes differ and some schemes that are claimed to be randomized are not genuinely randomized. Even less well understood, and often more difficult to ascertain, is whether the allocation was really concealed. OBJECTIVE: To detect the extent of control over selection bias, in a comparison between two Cochrane groups: oral health and otorhinolaryngology; and to describe the methods used to control for this bias. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in a public university in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: The risk of selection bias in 1,714 records indexed in Medline database up to 2018 was assessed, independent of language and access. Two dimensions implicated in the allocation were considered: generation of the allocation sequence; and allocation concealment. RESULTS: We included 420 randomized controlled trials and all of them were evaluated to detect selection bias. In the sample studied, only 28 properly controlled the selection bias. Lack of control over selection bias was present in 80% of the studies evaluated in both groups. CONCLUSION: The two groups were similar regarding control over selection bias. They are also similar to the methods used. The dimension of allocation concealment appears to be a limiting factor with regard to production of randomized controlled trials with low risk of selection bias. The quality of reporting in studies on oral health and otorhinolaryngology is suboptimal and needs to be improved, in line with other fields of healthcare.

Epidemiologic profile of an otolaryngologic emergency service.

Introduction According to current research, the number of patients seen in the emergency room is progressively increasing. There are few studies on the characteristics of ear, nose, and throat diseases treated in the emergency room. Objectives (1) To establish the epidemiologic profile of patients with these complaints treated at a referral emergency hospital in locoregional city Curitiba, and (2) to evaluate the calls that truly required emergency care. Methods This is a contemporary cross-study of urgent and emergency referrals to a hospital with otolaryngologic services during the year 2012. Data were collected and epidemiologic characteristics analyzed. Results We analyzed 1,067 patients: 312 presented in spring, 255 in summer, 253 in autumn, and 247 in winter. We found 17 diseases that were common during the year, with 244 (23.99%) upper respiratory tract infections being the most frequent disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diseases, except that acute otitis media was most common during the summer (p = 0.02); distribution between the sexes was balanced. The predominant age group was adults. We found 9.27% cases were true emergencies. Conclusion Patients were 20 to 40 years, with upper respiratory tract infection the most incident disease; 9.27% of cases were emergencies.

An audit of ear, nose and throat diseases in a tertiary health institution in South-western Nigeria.

INTRODUCTION: This study is aimed at determining the pattern of ear, nose and throat diseases and their relationship with socio-demographic factors with auditing intent in a tertiary hospital in South-western Nigeria. METHODS: Medical records of patients managed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria from 2006 to 2010 were reviewed for all essential clinical data. RESULTS: There were 2641 (52.8%) males and 2360 (47.2%) females. Two thousand and fifty (41%) patients had age≤15years old. Sixty three percent of the patients were Christians, 37% were Muslims and less than 1% had other religions. There were more patients in lower occupational classes than those in the upper classes. The average number of patients with ear, nose and throat diseases managed per month was eighty three. Patients with ear diseases were 3136 (62.7%), the nose diseases were 1153 (23.0%), the throat diseases were 479 (9.6%) and head/neck diseases were 233 (4.7%). CONCLUSION: This study showed that otitis media, obstructive adenoid, foreign bodies in the ear and throat infections were the common ear, nose, throat disorders seen in patients aged≤15years whereas, hearing loss, rhinosinusitis and tumors were the common disorders of ear, nose and throat seen in patients aged 16 years and above. Although these disorders are not yet considered to be of public health importance, they contribute significantly to the existing burden of health problems in our environment. Therefore, there is a need for improved public awareness on ear, nose and throat diseases.

Epidemiologic Profile of an Otolaryngologic Emergency Service

Introduction According to current research, the number of patients seen in the emergency room is progressively increasing. There are few studies on the characteristics of ear, nose, and throat diseases treated in the emergency room. Objectives (1) To establish the epidemiologic profile of patients with these complaints treated at a referral emergency hospital in locoregional city Curitiba, and (2) to evaluate the calls that truly required emergency care. Methods This is a contemporary cross-study of urgent and emergency referrals to a hospital with otolaryngologic services during the year 2012. Data were collected and epidemiologic characteristics analyzed. Results We analyzed 1,067 patients: 312 presented in spring, 255 in summer, 253 in autumn, and 247 in winter. We found 17 diseases that were common during the year, with 244 (23.99%) upper respiratory tract infections being the most frequent disease. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of diseases, except that acute otitis media was most common during the summer (p = 0.02); distribution between the sexes was balanced. The predominant age group was adults. We found 9.27% cases were true emergencies. Conclusion Patients were 20 to 40 years, with upper respiratory tract infection the most incident disease; 9.27% of cases were emergencies...