Effect of project-based experiential learning on the health service delivery indicators: a quasi-experiment study.

BACKGROUND: Kenya's new constitution passed in 2010 recognizes the right of quality care resulting in the devolution of health service delivery to the sub-national units called counties in 2013. However, the health system performance continues to be poor. The main identified challenge is poor health systems leadership. Evidence shows that addressing health system leadership challenges using different leadership intervention models has the potential to improve health outcomes. The purpose of this study is to report findings on the effect of project-based experiential learning on the health service delivery indicators addressed by 15 health management teams from 13 counties in Kenya, as compared to the non-trained managers. METHODS: A quasi-experimental design without a random sample was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the leadership program. The health managers from the 13 Counties and 15 health facilities had previously undergone a 9-month leadership training, complimented with facility-based team coaching based on 15 priority institutional service improvement projects at the Strathmore University Business School. Pre-test and post-test data were collected in three-point periods (beginning, end of the training, and 24-to-60 months post-training). The control group comprised 14 other health institutions within the same counties. RESULTS: Leadership training and coaching built around priority institutional health service improvement projects in the intervention institutions showed: a) skilled birth attendance increased, on average, by 71%; b) full immunization of children, increased by 52%; c) utilization of in and out-patient services, which on average, increased by 90%; d) out-patient turn-around time reduced on average by 65% and; e) quality and customer satisfaction increased by 38.8% (in all the intervention facilities). These improvements were sustained for 60 months after the leadership training. In contrast, there were minimal improvements in service delivery indicators in the comparison institution over the same period of time. Ninety-three percent of the respondents attributed team-coaching built around priority institutional health service improvement projects as a key enabler to their success. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides support that an intervention underpinned by challenge driven learning and team coaching can improve a range of health service delivery outcome variables.

Review of health and non-health sector indicators for monitoring service provision along the continuum of care for maternal health.

OBJECTIVE: This study uses health and non-health sector data sources to select and assess available indicators for service provision along the continuum of care for maternal health at subnational levels in South Africa. It applies the adequacy approach established in another study to assess the multi-dimensionality of available indicators. Using adequacy and the process of assessment in the study, the comprehensiveness of the continuum of care for improving maternal health outcomes can be assessed. RESULTS: We found 27 indicators of care utilization and access, linkages of care, and quality of care from the routine district health information system. The General Household Survey contained 11 indicators for the social determinants of health on the continuum of care framework. Indicator gaps include health promotion during and after pregnancy, maternal nutrition, empowerment and quality of care. At present, the available indicators measure about 74% of the interventions on the continuum of care framework. We make recommendations regarding improvements needed to better measure and monitor the continuum of care for maternal health. These involve actions within the health system and include integration of non-health system indicators.

A missed opportunity: birth registration coverage is lagging behind Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunization coverage and maternal health services utilization in low- and lower middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems lay the foundation for good governance by increasing the effectiveness and delivery of public services, providing vital statistics for the planning and monitoring of national development, and protecting fundamental human rights. Birth registration provides legal rights and facilitates access to essential public services such as health care and education. However, more than 110 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have deficient CRVS systems, and national birth registration rates continue to fall behind childhood immunization rates. Using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data in 72 LMICs, the objectives are to (a) explore the status of birth registration, routine childhood immunization, and maternal health services utilization; (b) analyze indicators of birth registration, routine childhood immunization, and maternal health services utilization; and (c) identify missed opportunities for strengthening birth registration systems in countries with strong childhood immunization and maternal health services by measuring the absolute differences between the birth registration rates and these childhood and maternal health service indicators. METHODS: We constructed a database using DHS and MICS data from 2000 to 2017, containing information on birth registration, immunization coverage, and maternal health service indicators. Seventy-three countries including 34 low-income countries and 38 lower middle-income countries were included in this exploratory analysis. RESULTS: Among the 14 countries with disparity between birth registration and BCG vaccination of more than 50%, nine were from sub-Saharan Africa (Tanzania, Uganda, Gambia, Mozambique, Djibouti, Eswatini, Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ghana), two were from South Asia (Bangladesh, Nepal), one from East Asia and the Pacific (Vanuatu) one from Latin America and the Caribbean (Bolivia), and one from Europe and Central Asia (Moldova). Countries with a 50% or above absolute difference between birth registration and antenatal care coverage include Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Mozambique, Nepal, Tanzania, and Uganda, in low-income countries. Among lower middle-income countries, this includes Eswatini, Ghana, Moldova, Timor-Leste, Vanuatu, and Zambia. Countries with a 50% or above absolute difference between birth registration and facility delivery care coverage include Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Moldova, and Zambia. CONCLUSION: The gap between birth registration and immunization coverage in low- and lower middle-income countries suggests the potential for leveraging immunization programs to increase birth registration rates. Engaging health providers during the antenatal, delivery, and postpartum periods to increase birth registration may be a useful strategy in countries with access to skilled providers.

Avaliação de indicadores de qualidade de prescrição de medicamentos em uma unidade de atenção primária com diferentes modelos de atenção / Evaluación de indicadores de calidad en la prescripción de medicamentos en una unidad de atención primaria con diferentes modelos de atención / Evaluation of drug prescription quality indicators in a primary care unit with different models of healthcare

OBJETIVO: descrever os indicadores de prescrição de medicamentos em uma unidade de atenção primária com diferentes modelos de atenção à saúde. MÉTODOS: estudo descritivo, com dados secundários das prescrições em uma unidade com três modelos de atenção à saúde - Assistência Médica Ambulatorial (AMA); Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS); Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) - AMA/UBS Vila Nova Jaguaré, São Paulo-SP, em julho-outubro/2011, sobre indicadores de qualidade. RESULTADOS: foram estudadas 16.720 prescrições; a proporção de medicamentos da Relação Municipal de Medicamentos Essenciais (Remume) foi maior em prescrições da ESF (98,9%), em relação à UBS (95,6%) e à AMA (95,7%); igualmente, tanto o emprego do nome genérico dos medicamentos quanto a proporção de medicamentos fornecidos foi superior, comparando-se as prescrições da ESF (98,9% e 96,1%, respectivamente) com as da UBS (94,4% e 92,9%) e da AMA (94,0% e 92,7%). CONCLUSÃO: todos os indicadores de prescrição apresentaram resultados melhores para a ESF.

OBJETIVO: analizar los indicadores de prescripción de medicamentos en una unidad de atención primaria con diferentes modelos de atención en salud. MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo, transversal, en el cual se analizaron las prescripciones medicamentosas de tres modelos de atención en salud: Atención medica Ambulatoria (AMA), Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) y Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF)- en la AA/UBS Vila Nova Jaguaré/São Paulo-SP, Brasil, entre julio y octubre de 2011, a través de indicadores de calidad. RESULTADOS: se incluyeron 16.720 prescripciones, la proporción de medicamentos de la Relación Municipal de Medicamentos esenciales fue mayor en la ESF (98,0%) en relación con UBS (95,6%) y AMA (95,7%); igualmente la utilización del nombre genérica del medicamento como la proporción de medicamentos suministrados fue mayor en la ESF (98,9% y 96,1%, respectivamente), en comparación con la UBS (94,4% y 92,9%) y AMA (94,0% y 92,7%). CONCLUSIÓN: todos los indicadores muestran mejores resultados para la ESF.

OBJECTIVE: to describe drug prescription indicators in a primary health care facility with different models of health care. METHODS: this was a descriptive study using secondary data of prescriptions with regard to quality indicators in a health facility that has three health care models: Outpatient Medical Care (OMC), Primary Health Care Unit (PHU) and Family Health Strategy (FHS) in Vila Nova Jaguaré OMC/PHU in São Paulo-SP, Brazil, from July to October 2011. RESULTS: 16,720 prescriptions were studied; the proportion of drugs provided through the Municipal List of Essential Drugs (Remume) was higher for FHS prescriptions (98.9%), compared to PHU (95.6%) and OMC (95.7%); similarly, both the use of the generic name of the drugs and the proportion of drugs provided was higher among ESF prescriptions (98.9% and 96.1%, respectively), compared with PHU (94.4 % and 92.9%) and OMC (94.0% and 92.7 %). CONCLUSION: all the prescription indicators show better results for FHS.

Impacto de indicadores de gestión en salud sobre estrategias de un servicio de salud público / The impact of health management indicators on a public health service's strategies

Objetivos Realizar un análisis del impacto de los indicadores de gestión en salud sobre las estrategias que implementa un Servicio de Salud Pública. Métodos Se realiza un estudio a un Servicio de Salud Pública en Chile analizando los indicadores de gestión relevantes, a través de un análisis longitudinal, para el periodo 2006-2010. Resultados Los resultados del estudio demuestran que los indicadores de gestión en salud direccionan las estrategias utilizadas por los directivos que pertenecen a una Red Asistencial de Salud Pública. Conclusión Las estrategias adoptadas por los directivos deben estar guiadas por el análisis oportuno a los indicadores de gestión en salud, con la finalidad de brindar una atención de calidad a los usuarios de una Red Asistencial de Salud Pública.

Objectives Analysing the impact of health management indicators on a public health service's strategies. Methods Studying a Chilean public healthcare service's strategies (2006-2010) by analysing key management indicators using longitudinal data analysis. Results The results of the study demonstrated that health management indicators guided the strategies being used by a public Chilean healthcare network's managers. Conclusions The strategies adopted by the managers should be guided by early analysis of healthcare management indicators for providing quality healthcare attention for the users of a public healthcare network.

Indicadores para avaliação de programas de controle de infecção hospitalar: contrução e validação / Indicators for the Evaluation of Hospital Infection Control Programs: development and validation

Estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico de elaboração e validação de medidas de avaliação em saúde. Teve como objetivo geral contribuir para o desenvolvimento de Indicadores de Avaliação de Programas de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (PCIH) e específicos construir e validar o conteúdo dos indicadores construídos. Os procedimentos teóricos para validação dos indicadores de PCIH foram: a-seleção e construção dos indicadores; b-fundamentação do conteúdo científica dos indicadores; c-validação dos indicadores construídos. Foram construídos cinco indicadores: 1- (PCET) Estrutura Técnico-operacional do PCIH; 2- (PCDO) Diretrizes Operacionais de Controle e Prevenção de IH; 3- (PCVE) Sistema de Vigilância Epidemiológica de IH; 4- (PCCP) Atividades de Controle e Prevenção de IH; 5- (PCAE) Atividades Educacionais e Capacitação Técnica em controle de IH. A validação de conteúdo dos indicadores foi realizada por oito profissionais especialistas na área de controle de IH, a partir de um instrumento previamente elaborado e referiu-se a: 1º - manual operacional; 2º - atributos do conjunto dos indicadores; 3º - atributos individuais dos componentes de cada indicador; 4º - valoração da relevância dos componentes de cada indicador. Com exceção do indicador 5- PCAE, os demais foram todos validados

This aim of this study is to create methodology for the development and validation of evaluation measurements in healthcare. The overall objective was to contribute to the development of Performance Indicators for Hospital Infection Control (HIC) programs and more specifically to create and validate the content of the indicators developed. The theoretical procedures for the validation of the indicators for HIC programs were: a-the selection and creation of the indicators; b-determination of the scientific basis for indicator content; c-validation of created indicators. In all, five indicators were created: 1- (PCET) Technical/operational structure of HIC program; 2- (PCDO) Operational Guidelines for the Control and Prevention of HI; 3- (PCVE) Epidemiological Surveillance System; 4- (PCCP) Activities for the Control and Prevention of HI; 5- (PCAE) Educational Activities and Technical Education in the control of HI. The validation of the content of the indicators was conducted by eight specialists in the area of HIC using a previously developed instrument and addressed: 1º - operational manual; 2º - indicator set attributes; 3º - individual attributes of the components of each indicator; 4º - assessment of the relevance of the components of each indicator. With the exception of indicator 5-PCAE, all of the indicators were validated