Distinguishing the molecular diversity, nutrient content, and energetic potential of exometabolomes produced by macroalgae and reef-building corals.

Metabolites exuded by primary producers comprise a significant fraction of marine dissolved organic matter, a poorly characterized, heterogenous mixture that dictates microbial metabolism and biogeochemical cycling. We present a foundational untargeted molecular analysis of exudates released by coral reef primary producers using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to examine compounds produced by two coral species and three types of algae (macroalgae, turfing microalgae, and crustose coralline algae [CCA]) from Mo'orea, French Polynesia. Of 10,568 distinct ion features recovered from reef and mesocosm waters, 1,667 were exuded by producers; the majority (86%) were organism specific, reflecting a clear divide between coral and algal exometabolomes. These data allowed us to examine two tenets of coral reef ecology at the molecular level. First, stoichiometric analyses show a significantly reduced nominal carbon oxidation state of algal exometabolites than coral exometabolites, illustrating one ecological mechanism by which algal phase shifts engender fundamental changes in the biogeochemistry of reef biomes. Second, coral and algal exometabolomes were differentially enriched in organic macronutrients, revealing a mechanism for reef nutrient-recycling. Coral exometabolomes were enriched in diverse sources of nitrogen and phosphorus, including tyrosine derivatives, oleoyl-taurines, and acyl carnitines. Exometabolites of CCA and turf algae were significantly enriched in nitrogen with distinct signals from polyketide macrolactams and alkaloids, respectively. Macroalgal exometabolomes were dominated by nonnitrogenous compounds, including diverse prenol lipids and steroids. This study provides molecular-level insights into biogeochemical cycling on coral reefs and illustrates how changing benthic cover on reefs influences reef water chemistry with implications for microbial metabolism.

Chemometrics and genome mining reveal an unprecedented family of sugar acid-containing fungal nonribosomal cyclodepsipeptides.

Xylomyrocins, a unique group of nonribosomal peptide secondary metabolites, were discovered in Paramyrothecium and Colletotrichum spp. fungi by employing a combination of high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS)-based chemometrics, comparative genome mining, gene disruption, stable isotope feeding, and chemical complementation techniques. These polyol cyclodepsipeptides all feature an unprecedented d-xylonic acid moiety as part of their macrocyclic scaffold. This biosynthon is derived from d-xylose supplied by xylooligosaccharide catabolic enzymes encoded in the xylomyrocin biosynthetic gene cluster, revealing a novel link between carbohydrate catabolism and nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis. Xylomyrocins from different fungal isolates differ in the number and nature of their amino acid building blocks that are nevertheless incorporated by orthologous nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) enzymes. Another source of structural diversity is the variable choice of the nucleophile for intramolecular macrocyclic ester formation during xylomyrocin chain termination. This nucleophile is selected from the multiple available alcohol functionalities of the polyol moiety, revealing a surprising polyspecificity for the NRPS terminal condensation domain. Some xylomyrocin congeners also feature N-methylated amino acid residues in positions where the corresponding NRPS modules lack N-methyltransferase (M) domains, providing a rare example of promiscuous methylation in the context of an NRPS with an otherwise canonical, collinear biosynthetic program.

Decreased metabolic diversity in common beans associated with domestication revealed by untargeted metabolomics, information theory, and molecular networking.

The process of crop domestication leads to a dramatic reduction in the gene expression associated with metabolic diversity. Genes involved in specialized metabolism appear to be particularly affected. Although there is ample evidence of these effects at the genetic level, a reduction in diversity at the metabolite level has been taken for granted despite having never been adequately accessed and quantified. Here we leveraged the high coverage of ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry based metabolomics to investigate the metabolic diversity in the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Information theory highlights a shift towards lower metabolic diversity and specialization when comparing wild and domesticated bean accessions. Moreover, molecular networking approaches facilitated a broader metabolite annotation than achieved to date, and its integration with gene expression data uncovers a metabolic shift from specialized metabolism towards central metabolism upon domestication of this crop.

Unveiling biosynthetic potential of an Arctic marine-derived strain Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2.

BACKGROUND: A growing number of studies have demonstrated that the polar regions have the potential to be a significant repository of microbial resources and a potential source of active ingredients. Genome mining strategy plays a key role in the discovery of bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) from microorganisms. This work highlighted deciphering the biosynthetic potential of an Arctic marine-derived strain Aspergillus sydowii MNP-2 by a combination of whole genome analysis and antiSMASH as well as feature-based molecular networking (MN) in the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS). RESULTS: In this study, a high-quality whole genome sequence of an Arctic marine strain MNP-2, with a size of 34.9 Mb was successfully obtained. Its total number of genes predicted by BRAKER software was 13,218, and that of non-coding RNAs (rRNA, sRNA, snRNA, and tRNA) predicted by using INFERNAL software was 204. AntiSMASH results indicated that strain MNP-2 harbors 56 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), including 18 NRPS/NRPS-like gene clusters, 10 PKS/PKS-like gene clusters, 8 terpene synthse gene clusters, 5 indole synthase gene clusters, 10 hybrid gene clusters, and 5 fungal-RiPP gene clusters. Metabolic analyses of strain MNP-2 grown on various media using GNPS networking revealed its great potential for the biosynthesis of bioactive SMs containing a variety of heterocyclic and bridge-ring structures. For example, compound G-8 exhibited a potent anti-HIV effect with an IC50 value of 7.2 nM and an EC50 value of 0.9 nM. Compound G-6 had excellent in vitro cytotoxicities against the K562, MCF-7, Hela, DU145, U1975, SGC-7901, A549, MOLT-4, and HL60 cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.10 to 3.3 µM, and showed significant anti-viral (H1N1 and H3N2) activities with IC50 values of 15.9 and 30.0 µM, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings definitely improve our knowledge about the molecular biology of genus A. sydowii and would effectively unveil the biosynthetic potential of strain MNP-2 using genomics and metabolomics techniques.

Social relationships and their impact on health-related quality of life in a long-term breast cancer survivor cohort.

BACKGROUND: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has become increasingly important for breast cancer survivors, but clinically relevant declines often persist for many years after treatment. This study aimed to investigate whether social relationships can mitigate or prevent this decline in HRQOL. METHODS: Data were used from the German population-based Mamma Carcinoma Risk Factor Investigation (MARIE) cohort of 2022 breast cancer cases with follow-up information for more than 15 years after diagnosis. Correlations between social integration, social support, and global health status (GHS) as an overall measure of HRQOL were analyzed, and linear regression analysis was performed with structural equation modeling. RESULTS: The majority of participants reported high levels of social integration and social support and moderate levels of GHS. Social integration 5 years after diagnosis was associated with GHS 5 years after diagnosis (ß = 1.12; 95% CI, 0.25-1.99), but no longitudinal effects were found. Social support 5 years after diagnosis was associated with better GHS 5 years (ß = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.36-0.48) and 10 years after diagnosis (ß = 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.22), whereas social support 10 years after diagnosis was associated with GHS 10 years (ß = 0.29; 95% CI, 0.20-0.39) and 15 years after diagnosis (ß = 0.10; 95% CI, 0.01-0.21). CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm that social relationships positively influence HRQOL in long-term breast cancer survivors and that their association should receive more attention clinically and beyond routine care.

A trainee's perspective on scientific conferences.

Attending and presenting at conferences is a preeminent experience during scientific training. This article provides a trainee's perspective on strategies to promote trainee growth before, during and after scientific meetings, taking the initiatives implemented by the Canadian Society for Immunology (CSI) as an example. A foremost action was the establishment of the Trainee Engagement Committee (TEC) in 2020. The TEC members contribute to the annual symposia by participating in the local organizing committee meetings and organizing trainee-directed events. We propose actions that conference organizers can take to foster the development of the next generation of scientists. In addition, we offer advice to conference presenters on how to craft talks with trainees in mind and to attendees on how to maximize the quality and longevity of conference interactions. We hope this opinion piece evokes reflections and discussions among scientific societies, organizing committees, conference presenters and trainees alike.

Developing a mentoring program to support the next generation of immunologists.

Mentorship refers to the guidance given by a mentor to a less experienced individual to enhance their professional and personal development. For graduate research students, seeking independent mentors external to their institution offers the rewarding opportunity to obtain objective guidance on a variety of work, study and life matters. This article outlines the steps taken to develop a professional society-based, international mentoring program of over 70 participants. This 6-month program aimed to connect graduate research students with more senior academic scientists in response to the limited networking opportunities imposed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Australia. Outlined here are the resources used to maximize the potential of this successful program, which include (1) an 'Introduction to Mentoring' workshop, (2) the use of a mentoring software or communication strategy to maintain program momentum and (3) the integration of in-person networking events. Overall, the program was a great success, with a high satisfaction rating (8.7/10) and a large number of participants reported that they would maintain their mentoring relationship. All participants stated that they would recommend the program to a peer, and thus reiterations of the program would likely be similarly well-received and beneficial to the Australasian immunology community.

The γδ T Cell Club: bringing a global scientific community together in the age of Zoom.

Immunologists are very social people-they love to meet other immunologists and talk about immunology (and immunologists). Constantly! γδ T-cell researchers are no exception. On the contrary, as there are not so many of them compared to, say, researchers working on dendritic cells, they especially crave frequent interactions with like-minded scientists. This is where the technological solutions being developed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic come into play that have, almost overnight, allowed researchers to hold meetings and lectures online. We here describe how we set up the virtual 'γδ T Cell Club', a monthly webinar series that aims to bring the field closer together, and present our musings about what we have learned from this experience, which we hope is useful for other researchers interested in connecting online.

Lighting pathways to success in STEM: a virtual Laboratory Meeting Programme (LaMP) mutually benefits mentees and host laboratories.

Developing robust professional networks can help shape the trajectories of early career scientists. Yet, historical inequities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields make access to these networks highly variable across academic programmes, and senior academics often have little time for mentoring. Here, we illustrate the success of a virtual Laboratory Meeting Programme (LaMP). In this programme, we matched students (mentees) with a more experienced scientist (mentors) from a research group. The mentees then attended the mentors' laboratory meetings during the academic year with two laboratory meetings specifically dedicated to the mentee's professional development. Survey results indicate that mentees expanded their knowledge of the hidden curriculum as well as their professional network, while only requiring a few extra hours of their mentor's time over eight months. In addition, host laboratories benefitted from mentees sharing new perspectives and knowledge in laboratory meetings. Diversity of the mentees was significantly higher than the mentors, suggesting that the programme increased the participation of traditionally under-represented groups. Finally, we found that providing a stipend was very important to many mentees. We conclude that virtual LaMPs can be an inclusive and cost-effective way to foster trainee development and increase diversity within STEM fields with little additional time commitment.

Use of Online Communities among People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Scoping Review.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: People with diabetes require continuous self-monitoring and face numerous decisions in their day-to-day lives. Therefore, on many occasions, they need more support than that provided by health professionals. In this context, peer support in online diabetes communities could be a useful tool. The purpose of the review is to describe, analyze and synthesize the available evidence on the use and health out-comes of online communities for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. Searches were performed PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL, Scopus and Cochrane databases. RECENT FINDINGS: From 1821 identified documents, 6 articles were included. These studies explored the characteristics of diabetes online communities and the population features. Besides, the results were classified according to whether they were clinical, psychosocial, or addressed people's experiences with the online community. The analysis underscores their value in facilitating communication, improving diabetes management, and enhancing psychosocial well-being. Future investigations should prioritize longitudinal assessments to elucidate the sustained impact of community engagement and optimize user participation for enhanced patient outcomes. The growing relevance of new technologies has led to a significant number of individuals with chronic illnesses seeking peer support. Online health communities have emerged as virtual spaces where individuals with shared health interests interact and form relationships. Within these digital spaces, individuals can engage in peer interaction, observe behaviors, and mutually benefit, potentially leading to improved attitudes toward the disease.

Protein networking: nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and their protein-protein-associations.

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) are complex transmembrane proteins involved in neurotransmission in the nervous system and at the neuromuscular junction. nAChR disorders may lead to severe, potentially fatal pathophysiological states. To date, the receptor has been the focus of basic and applied research to provide novel therapeutic interventions. Since most studies have investigated only the nAChR itself, it is necessary to consider the receptor as part of its protein network to understand or elucidate-specific pathways. On its way through the secretory pathway, the receptor interacts with several chaperones and proteins. This review takes a closer look at these molecular interactions and focuses especially on endoplasmic reticulum biogenesis, secretory pathway sorting, Golgi maturation, plasma membrane presentation, retrograde internalization, and recycling. Additional knowledge regarding the nAChR protein network may lead to a more detailed comprehension of the fundamental pathomechanisms of diseases or may lead to the discovery of novel therapeutic drug targets.

Roadmap to DILI research in Europe. A proposal from COST action ProEuroDILINet.

In the current article the aims for a constructive way forward in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) are to highlight the most important priorities in research and clinical science, therefore supporting a more informed, focused, and better funded future for European DILI research. This Roadmap aims to identify key challenges, define a shared vision across all stakeholders for the opportunities to overcome these challenges and propose a high-quality research program to achieve progress on the prediction, prevention, diagnosis and management of this condition and impact on healthcare practice in the field of DILI. This will involve 1. Creation of a database encompassing optimised case report form for prospectively identified DILI cases with well-characterised controls with competing diagnoses, biological samples, and imaging data; 2. Establishing of preclinical models to improve the assessment and prediction of hepatotoxicity in humans to guide future drug safety testing; 3. Emphasis on implementation science and 4. Enhanced collaboration between drug-developers, clinicians and regulatory scientists. This proposed operational framework will advance DILI research and may bring together basic, applied, translational and clinical research in DILI.

LinkedIn Usage Trends Among Surgeons at a Large Academic Institute.

INTRODUCTION: Social networking platforms have evolved into a self-promotional space. The LinkedIn platform allows users to share knowledge, research accomplishments, and network in an academic setting. Our objective was to determine LinkedIn usage trends among surgeons at a large academic institution. METHODS: A list of surgeons within the department of surgery at a large academic institute was compiled. All publicly available profiles were analyzed for their LinkedIn activity and followership. Active accounts were defined as users who have posted or interacted with any posts within the last year. Comparisons of LinkedIn usage grouped by gender, surgery division, and rank were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 133 surgeons were included. Among these surgeons, 88 had a LinkedIn profile (66.2%); however, only 43 surgeons had active usage on this platform (32.3%). The median number of followers among surgeons with a profile was 110 (IQR [24-427]). Male surgeons had a higher median of followers (167 IQR [38-502]) compared to female (54 IQR [21-209]). A greater percentage of male surgeons had a profile compared to female surgeons (68.5% M versus 61.0% F, P = 0.12). The transplant surgery division had the highest percentage of LinkedIn accounts (90.9%) followed by surgical oncology (87.5%). However, active usage was led by the pediatric surgery division (80.0%), followed by the plastic surgery division (71.4%). Instructors, assistant professors, associate professors, and professors all had LinkedIn accounts; however, instructors were the least active users with 33.3% being active on their LinkedIn. The lowest percentage of those with LinkedIn accounts were instructors (50%). Professors were found to be the most active users at 57.1%. CONCLUSIONS: Social media use is on the rise in academic surgery. Within a department of surgery at a large academic institution, only 32.3% were active users of LinkedIn, suggesting that there is room for improvement in utilizing this resource as a tool for mentorship, professional development, and networking.

Severe 25E-NBOH intoxication associated with MDPHP intake: a case report, metabolism study, and literature review.

N-Benzylphenethylamine derivatives are 5-HT2A receptor agonists with hallucinogenic properties, including NBOMe (N-(2-methoxybenzyl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-amine) and NBOH (2-(((2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol). We reported here the case of a 23-year-old man who presented a serotoninergic syndrome and a loss of consciousness following the consumption of a powder labelled as 25I-NBOH. Toxicological analyses of biological samples were carried out using a liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry. Two new psychoactive substances were identified and confirmed with certified reference materials: 25E-NBOH (2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol) and MDPHP (1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one). Pharmaceuticals administered to the patient during his medical care were found in plasma and urine. 25E-NBOH and MDPHP concentrations were respectively at 2.3 ng/mL and 3.4 ng/mL in plasma, and 25.7 ng/mL and 30.5 ng/mL in urine. 25I-NBOH (2-(((4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol) was specifically searched in both samples and was not detected. These results are discussed along with a literature review on human cases of exposure to N-benzylphenethylamine derivatives. Using molecular networking approach, we propose the first 25E-NBOH metabolism study using authentic biological samples (plasma and urine). We described seven metabolites (M1 to M7), including two phase I (m/z 330.172; m/z 288.160) and five phase II metabolites (m/z 464.191, m/z 478.207, m/z 492.223, m/z 508.218; m/z 396.156). The M6 (m/z 492.223) was the most intense ion detected in plasma and urine and could be proposed as a relevant 25E-NBOH consumption marker. Overall, we described an original case of 25E-NBOH poisoning and identified metabolites that could potentially be used as consumption markers to detect 25E-NBOH intoxications with a higher confidence level and probably a longer detection window.

HIV Risk Behaviors and the Use of Geosocial Networking Dating Apps among Men Who have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Lima, Peru: a Cross-Sectional Study.

Geosocial networking dating apps (GSN apps) are an increasingly widespread technology used by populations throughout the world to facilitate sexual encounters. Studies from a variety of settings suggest a possible association between GSN app use and HIV risk behaviors, including among sexual and gender minority populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). However, it remains unclear to what extent GSN apps play a causal role. We explored the relationship between GSN app use and sexual risk behaviors among MSM and TW in Lima, Peru by analyzing data from a multi-site cross-sectional survey assessing both general and partner-specific sexual behaviors. We performed bivariate analysis to estimate the association of GSN app use with different individual and partner-specific factors, then fit multivariable regression models adjusting for age and education. Among 741 total participants (698 MSM, 43 TW), 64% met at least one sex partner in the prior three months using a GSN app. GSN app users were significantly more likely to report engaging in HIV risk behaviors in general, including condomless receptive anal sex, group sex, transactional sex, and sex under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Having condomless anal sex with a given partner was not associated with meeting that partner via GSN app. These findings highlight GSN app users as a particularly vulnerable subpopulation among MSM and TW in Lima. GSN apps could provide a useful vehicle for targeted HIV prevention efforts for priority populations in Peru.

RESUMEN: Las aplicaciones de citas de redes geosociales (aplicaciones GSN) son una tecnología con creciente alcance en todo el mundo usadas para facilitar encuentros sexuales. Diferentes estudios sugieren una posible relación entre uso de aplicaciones GSN y comportamientos de riesgo para VIH entre hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) y mujeres transgénero (MT). No es claro hasta qué punto aplicaciones GSN tendrían un papel causal directo. Exploramos la relación entre uso de aplicaciones GSN y comportamientos sexuales de riesgo entre HSH y MT en Lima, Perú, analizando datos de una encuesta transversal que evaluó comportamientos sexuales en general y en parejas específicas. Realizamos análisis bivariable para estimar la asociación del uso de aplicaciones GSN con diferentes factores individuales y específicos de la pareja. También aplicamos modelos de regresión multivariables ajustados por edad y educación. Entre 741 participantes totales (698 HSH, 43 MT), 64% conoció al menos a una pareja sexual en los últimos tres meses mediante una aplicación GSN. Los usuarios de aplicaciones GSN fueron significativamente más propensos a reportar comportamientos de riesgo de VIH en general, incluyendo sexo anal receptivo sin condón, y sexo grupal, transaccional y bajo influencia de alcohol o drogas. Tener sexo anal sin condón con una pareja determinada no se asoció con conocer a esa pareja mediante aplicación GSN. Estos hallazgos muestran a usuarios de aplicaciones GSN como una subpoblación particularmente vulnerable entre HSH y MT en Lima. Aplicaciones GSN podrían ser útiles para iniciativas de prevención del VIH en poblaciones prioritarias en Perú.

Sexual Networking and HIV/STI Prevention Among Men who have Sex with Men and Identify as Persons of Color in the Era of COVID-19 in Boston, MA: Qualitative Findings from the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Project.

Men who have sex with men and identify as persons of color (MSM of color) are significantly impacted by HIV in the United States. The COVID-19 pandemic may have disproportionately exacerbated HIV-related disparities among MSM of color by affecting sexual networking behaviors and disrupting access to sexual health care. The current study explored the impact of COVID-19 on sexual networking and HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention behaviors among MSM of color in Boston, MA. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted via the 2020-2021 Boston sample of the National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) project. Eligible participants were at least 18 years old, identified as a man or non-binary person assigned male at birth and as a person of color, and endorsed ever having sex with men. Interviews were coded using inductive and deductive approaches, and themes were extracted using thematic analysis. When participants were asked about the impact of COVID-19 on sexual networking and HIV/STI prevention, the following themes emerged: (1) differing interpretations of COVID-19 public health guidance, (2) behavior change to meet social and sexual needs, (3) limited or changed access to HIV/STI prevention services; and (4) avoidance of healthcare appointments. Overall, the pandemic affected sexual networking and HIV/STI prevention behaviors among MSM of color. Though changes in sexual networking varied, most participants decreased in-person networking, increased dating app use, and prioritized longer-term relationships. Despite loosening of restrictions, these impacts may persist and should inform the adaptation of sexual networking guidance and interventions to mitigate HIV-related disparities in communities of color.

Latent Class Analysis of Online Platforms for Partner-Seeking and Sexual Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex with Men from Central Kentucky.

Little is known whether engagement in sexual behaviors associated with potential HIV risks differs by subgroups of men who have sex with men (MSM), who are distinct regarding patterns of use of online tools for partner-seeking. Using latent class analysis, we revealed four classes of app-using MSM (n = 181, 18-34 y.o., 82.4% identified as White and non-Hispanic) residing in Central Kentucky: the Grindr/Tinder class; the Poly App Use class of MSM-oriented apps; the General Social Media class, and the Bumble class. Unadjusted penalized logistic regressions showed associations of the Poly App Use class with increased numbers of receptive anal sex partners and reporting condomless receptive anal sex. Adjusting for other covariates, poly app users versus others were more likely to be older (25-34 vs. 18-24, AOR = 3.81, 95%CI = 1.70-9.03), to report past six-month illicit drug use (AOR = 2.93, 95%CI = 1.25-7.43) and to have ever used pre-exposure prophylaxis (AOR = 2.79, 95%CI = 1.10-7.12). Poly app users had behavior profiles associated with an elevated HIV risk and also reported HIV-related protective behaviors likely indicating increased risk awareness among this class. Our findings warrant differentiation of behavior profiles by patterns of app use and suggest not to generalize sexual behaviors associated with potential HIV risks to all app-using MSM.

RESUMEN: Poco se sabe si la participación en comportamientos sexuales asociados con riesgos potenciales de VIH difiere según distintos subgrupos de hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH) en base a patrones en el uso de herramientas online para la búsqueda de pareja. Mediante el análisis de clases latentes, identificamos cuatro clases de HSH que usan aplicaciones (n = 181, 18­34 años, 82.4% identificados como Blancos y no-Hispanos) y residen en Kentucky Central: la clase Grindr/Tinder, la clase Poly App Use de aplicaciones orientadas a HSH, la clase General Social Media y la clase Bumble. Las regresiones logísticas penalizadas no ajustadas mostraron asociaciones de la clase Poly App Use con un alza en el número de parejas receptivas en relaciones sexuales anales y con reportes de sexo anal receptivo sin condón. Al ajustar por otras covariables, los miembros de la clase Poly App Use, con respecto a las otras clases, tuvieron más probabilidades de ser mayores (25­34 vs. 18­24, ORA = 3,81; IC95%=1,70 − 9,03), de informar el uso de drogas ilícitas en los últimos 6 meses (ORA = 2,93; IC95%=1,25 − 7,43) y haber utilizado alguna vez profilaxis-preexposición (ORA = 2,79; IC95%=1,10 − 7,12). Así mismo, los miembros de esta clase tuvieron perfiles de comportamiento asociado con el riesgo elevado de VIH y también informaron comportamientos de protección relacionados con el VIH que probablemente indican una mayor conciencia del riesgo entre ellos. Nuestros hallazgos justifican la diferenciación de perfiles de comportamiento en base a patrones de uso de aplicaciones y sugieren no generalizar los comportamientos sexuales asociados con riesgos potenciales de VIH a todos los HSH que las usan.

Efficacy of various exercise interventions for migraine treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To compare various exercise modalities' efficacy on migraine frequency, intensity, duration, and disability. BACKGROUND: Exercise has been shown to be an effective intervention to reduce migraine symptoms and disability; however, no clear evidence exists regarding the most effective exercise modalities for migraine treatment. METHODS: A systematic review was performed in PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Clinical trials that analyzed the efficacy of various exercise modalities in addressing the frequency, intensity, duration, and disability of patients with migraine were included. Eight network meta-analyses based on frequentist (F) and Bayesian (B) models were developed to estimate the direct and indirect evidence of various exercise modalities. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence (CI) and credible intervals (CrI) were calculated for each treatment effect based on Hedge's g and p scores to rank the modalities. RESULTS: We included 28 studies with 1501 migraine participants. Yoga (F: SMD -1.30; 95% CI -2.09, -0.51; B: SMD -1.33; 95% CrI -2.21, -0.45), high-intensity aerobic exercise (F: SMD -1.30; 95% CI -2.21, -0.39; B: SMD -1.17; 95% CrI -2.20, -0.20) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (F: SMD -1.01; 95% CI -1.63, -0.39; B: SMD -1.06; 95% CrI -1.74, -0.38) were significantly superior to pharmacological treatment alone for decreasing migraine frequency based on both models. Only yoga (F: SMD -1.40; 95% CI -2.41, -0.39; B: SMD -1.41; 95% CrI -2.54, -0.27) was significantly superior to pharmacological treatment alone for reducing migraine intensity. For diminishing migraine duration, high-intensity aerobic exercise (F: SMD -1.64; 95% CI -2.43, -0.85; B: SMD -1.56; 95% CrI -2.59, -0.63) and moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise (SMD -0.96; 95% CI -1.50, -0.41; B: SMD -1.00; 95% CrI -1.71, -0.31) were superior to pharmacological treatment alone. CONCLUSION: Very low-quality evidence showed that yoga, high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercises were the best interventions for reducing migraine frequency and intensity; high- and moderate-intensity aerobic exercises were best for decreasing migraine duration; and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise was best for diminishing disability.

Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Cyanobacterial Bloom Chemistry Reveals an Open-Ocean Trichodesmium thiebautii as a Talented Producer of Specialized Metabolites.

While the ecological role that Trichodesmium sp. play in nitrogen fixation has been widely studied, little information is available on potential specialized metabolites that are associated with blooms and standing stock Trichodesmium colonies. While a collection of biological material from a T. thiebautii bloom event from North Padre Island, Texas, in 2014 indicated that this species was a prolific producer of chlorinated specialized metabolites, additional spatial and temporal resolution was needed. We have completed these metabolite comparison studies, detailed in the current report, utilizing LC-MS/MS-based molecular networking to visualize and annotate the specialized metabolite composition of these Trichodesmium blooms and colonies in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and other waters. Our results showed that T. thiebautii blooms and colonies found in the GoM have a remarkably consistent specialized metabolome. Additionally, we isolated and characterized one new macrocyclic compound from T. thiebautii, trichothilone A (1), which was also detected in three independent cultures of T. erythraeum. Genome mining identified genes predicted to synthesize certain functional groups in the T. thiebautii metabolites. These results provoke intriguing questions of how these specialized metabolites affect Trichodesmium ecophysiology, symbioses with marine invertebrates, and niche development in the global oligotrophic ocean.

Identification of Additives in Disposable Face Masks and Evaluation of Their Toxicity Using Marine Medaka (Oryzias melastigma).

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in huge amounts of face masks worldwide. However, there is a lack of awareness on the additives and their potential risk to aquatic ecosystems of face masks. To address this issue, the additives and their toxicity in 13 face masks (e.g., polypropylene, polyethylene, and polylactic acid) were determined using nontarget analysis and bioassays. A total of 826 organic additives including intermediates (14.8%), surfactants (9.3%), plasticizers (8.2%), and antioxidants (6.1%) were tentatively identified, with 213 compounds being assigned confidence levels of 1 and 2. Interestingly, polylactic acid masks contained more additives than most polypropylene or polyethylene masks. Among these additives, the concentration of tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate in masks was 9.4-978.2 ng/g with a 100% detection frequency. Furthermore, 13 metals such as zinc (up to 202.0 µg/g), copper (32.5 µg/g), and chromium (up to 5.7 µg/g) were detected in the face masks. The methanol extracts of the masks showed the developmental toxicity, swimming behavior, and/or endocrine disruption in embryos/larvae of Oryzias melastigma. The findings demonstrate that face masks contain various toxic additives to marine medaka, which deserves close attention to pollution by face masks.