A case of post-BCG therapy renal granuloma concurrent with ureteral carcinoma.

Intravesical administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrence or progression of carcinoma in situ, stage Ta tumors of high grade, or stage T1 tumors. Renal complications following intravesical BCG therapy are rare. The mechanism of renal granuloma formation may be related to vesicoureteral reflux. Vesicoureteral reflux after transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT) has been reported to be higher when the tumor is located near the ureteral orifice. Herein, we report a case of a renal granuloma after BCG therapy with concurrent ipsilateral urethral carcinoma.

Cryptococcus granuloma mimicking local progressed tumor after cryoablation of renal cell carcinoma: A case report.

Infectious granulomas arising in the kidney are rare. However, there are few reports regarding renal granulomas, such as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, sarcoidosis, malakoplakia, and tuberculosis. Here, we report a case of cryptococcal granuloma resembling a locally progressed tumor after percutaneous cryotherapy for renal cell carcinoma. A male patient in his 80s with rheumatoid arthritis underwent computed tomography (CT)-guided cryoablation for biopsy-proven papillary renal cell carcinoma. Follow-up contrast-enhanced CT imaging obtained 4 months after ablation confirmed an enhanced mass on the edge of the ablation zone. There were no symptoms related to the mass. This mass was radiologically diagnosed as local tumor progression and treated with repeated cryoablation. Percutaneous biopsy of the mass was performed immediately after the second cryoablation, and the mass was pathologically diagnosed as granuloma related to Cryptococcus infection. The patient was administered antifungal fluconazole for 1 year with a good outcome.