Female ophthalmologists' perception of occupational hazards during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: Woman ophthalmologists of childbearing age are exposed to different types of occupational risks which can be harmful to pregnancy and to the development of the fetus. The objective of this paper is to analyze the perception of these risks during pregnancy. METHODS: We designed a survey which was answered by 42 ophthalmologists who had been working during pregnancy. We report the perception of global and specific risk according to the type of agent. RESULTS: 38.1% of the ophthalmologists perceive that the overall risk of working during pregnancy is high, and 35.7% consider it moderate. Regarding specific risk, the most relevant agents are the ergonomic and psychosocial ones. Physical agents are considered the least important. CONCLUSIONS: Although most of the surveyed ophthalmologists perceived the occupational risk as high or moderate, only 19% of them took time off work due to this reason. The most important agents were ergonomic and psychosocial.

[Health and well-being of healthcare workers: employment and working conditions beyond the pandemic]. / Salud y bienestar del personal sanitario: condiciones de empleo y de trabajo más allá de la pandemia. Informe SESPAS 2024.

Healthcare workers are people who work in health activities, whether or not they have direct contact with citizens. Currently, around 1.3 million people (70% women) work in healthcare activities in Spain. This represents around 10% of the active population, having increased by 33% since 2008, especially the number of women, which has doubled. Healthcare organizations, especially hospitals, are extremely complex workplaces, with precarious working and employment conditions, especially in more hierarchical occupations, exposing healthcare workers to numerous occupational hazards, mainly from ergonomic and psychosocial conditions. These causes frequent musculoskeletal and mental disorders, highlighting burnout, which is estimated at 40% in some services such as intensive care units. This high morbidity is reflected in a high frequency of absences due to illness, around 9% after the pandemic. The pandemic, and its consequences in the last three years, has put extreme pressure on the health system and has clearly shown its deficiencies in relation to working and employment conditions. The hundreds of occupational health professionals, technicians and healthcare workers, who are part of the structures of health organizations, constitute very valuable resources to increase the resilience of the NHS. We recommend the strengthening in resources and institutionally of the occupational health services of health centers and the creation of an Observatory of working, employment and health conditions in the National Health Service, as an instrument for monitoring changes and proposing solutions.

Sanitary and environmental conditions related to food poisoning among informal street vendors in downtown Medellín, Colombia, 2016.

Introduction: Although studies with informal workers have been conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean, there is still scarce evidence on the prevalence of food poisoning among workers with subsistence jobs on the streets and sidewalks of cities and on the factors that influence its presentation. Objectives: To determine sociodemographic, labor, sanitary, and environmental conditions that influence the prevalence of food poisoning in informal workers in downtown Medellín, Colombia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using a workers' survey as the primary source. A total of 686 workers aged ≥18 years who had been working for ≥ 5 years were surveyed. An assisted survey was initially applied as a pilot test for training purposes and to obtain informed consent. Results: We identified several associations and explanatory factors of food poisoning using chi-square tests and prevalence ratios, with unadjusted and adjusted 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). A higher prevalence of food poisoning (p < 0.05) was observed in workers with lower frequency of waste collection (PR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.04-4.19), who left cooked food (PR = 6.40; 95%CI = 2.34-17.8), beverages or chopped fruits uncovered at their workplace (PR = 3.92; 95%CI = 1.40-10.48), with inadequate waste management (PR = 4.84; 95%CI = 2.12-11.06), exposure to polluted water (PR = 3.00; 95%CI = 1.20-7.50) and acceptable water supply (PR = 5.40; 95%CI = 1.60-17.8). The factors that explained higher rates of food poisoning were not having a waste collection service (PRadjusted = 5.58; 95%CI = 3.38-13.10), inadequate waste management (PRadjusted = 6.61; 95%CI = 1.25-34.84), and having sanitary services next to worker's stall (PRadjusted = 14.44; 95%CI = 1.26-165.11). Conclusions: The conditions that are associated with and explain the higher prevalence of food poisoning in this working population can be addressed with health promotion and disease prevention interventions.

Introducción: Aunque se han realizado estudios con trabajadores informales en América Latina y el Caribe, aun es escasa la evidencia con respecto a la prevalencia de intoxicaciones alimentarias en trabajadores con empleos de subsistencia en las calles y aceras de las ciudades y a los factores que influyen en su presentación. Objetivos: Determinar las condiciones sociodemográficas, laborales, sanitarias y ambientales que influyen en la prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria en trabajadores informales del centro de Medellín. Métodos: Estudio transversal con fuente primaria de información en un censo de 686 trabajadores, ≥18 años y con ≥5 años en su oficio. Se aplicó encuesta asistida previa realización de prueba piloto, estandarización de encuestadores y toma de consentimiento. Resultados: Se identificaron asociaciones y factores explicativos de intoxicación alimentaria, con pruebas del chi-cuadrado y razones de prevalencia (RP), con intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%) crudos y ajustados. Mayor prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria (p < 0,05) en trabajadores con menor frecuencia de recolección de residuos (RP = 2,09; IC95% = 1,04-4,19), en quienes dejaban alimentos preparados (RP = 6,40; IC95% = 2,34-17,8), bebidas o fruta picada descubiertos en el puesto de trabajo (RP = 3,92; IC95% = 1,40-10,48), con inadecuado manejo de residuos (RP = 4,84; IC95% = 2,12-11,06), exposición a agua contaminada (RP = 3,00; IC95% = 1,20-7,50) y de aceptable calidad (RP = 5,40; IC95% = 1,60-17,8). Explicaron mayor intoxicación alimentaria no tener servicio de recolección de residuos (RPajustada = 5,58; IC95% = 3,38-13,10), inadecuado manejo de residuos (RPajustada = 6,61; IC95% = 1,25-34,84), y tener servicios sanitarios al lado del puesto de trabajo (RPajustada = 14,44; IC95% = 1,26-165,11). Conclusiones: Las condiciones que se asocian y explican mayor prevalencia de intoxicación alimentaria en esta población trabajadora, pueden ser revertidas con acciones de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad.

Occupational risk perception and its associated factors among nurses and physicians in Peruvian health facilities.

Introduction: A high perceived risk is related to lower rates of occupational accidents in the health personnel. Objectives: To determine the levels of occupational risk perception and its associated factors in nurses and physicians from health facilities in Peru during 2016. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted with secondary data from the National Survey of Health Users Satisfaction (Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud) 2016. The problem variable was the occupational risk perception, and sociodemographic variables and variables related to occupational risk exposure were included as possible associated factors. Crude and adjusted ordinal logistic regression models were developed to determine the associated factors. All estimates were weighted according to the National Survey of Health Users Satisfaction 2016 complex sampling. Results: Levels of perceived occupational risk were similar between nurses and physicians. Weekly working hours, having a previous work accident, and receiving protective equipment were found to be associated with occupational risk perception in nurses. Age, institution of origin, having a specialty, suffering from a chronic disease, and receiving occupational risk training were found to be associated with occupational risk perception in physicians. Conclusions: In Peru, the levels of occupational risk perception in nurses and physicians are similar. However, the associated factors differ according to the profession. These findings may contribute to the norms or laws related to the occupational safety of health personnel.

Introducción: Una alta percepción de riesgo está relacionada con menores tasas de accidentes laborales en el personal sanitario. Objetivos: Determinar los niveles de percepción de riesgo ocupacional y sus factores asociados en enfermeros y médicos de establecimientos de salud del Perú durante el 2016. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico de los datos secundarios de la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud 2016. La variable problema fue la percepción de riesgo ocupacional y cómo posibles factores asociados se incluyeron variables sociodemográficas y variables relacionadas con la exposición a riesgos laborales. Se elaboraron modelos crudos y ajustados de una regresión logística ordinal para determinar los factores asociados. Todos los cálculos se ponderaron según el muestreo complejo de la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud 2016. Resultados: Los niveles de percepción de riesgo ocupacional fueron semejantes entre enfermeros y médicos. Las horas de trabajo semanal, tener un accidente de trabajo previo y recibir equipos de protección resultaron ser factores asociados a la percepción de riesgo ocupacional en los enfermeros. La edad, la institución de procedencia, tener una especialidad, tener una enfermedad crónica y recibir capacitaciones en riesgo laboral resultaron ser factores asociados a la percepción de riesgo ocupacional en los médicos. Conclusiones: En el Perú, los niveles de percepción de riesgo ocupacional en enfermeros y médicos son semejantes. Sin embargo, los factores asociados difieren según la profesión. Estos hallazgos pueden contribuir con las normas o leyes relacionadas con la seguridad en el trabajo del personal sanitario.

Waiting time from identification to recognition an occupational disease in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the waiting time since a suspected an occupational disease (OD) is identified, notified and recognized in Spain. METHOD: A series of 34 patients attended at Occupational Diseases Unit (ODU) of Hospital del Mar in Barcelona were follow up since their identification until final resolution by the National Institute of Social Security (INSS). Median, and 25 and 75 percentiles (interquartile range [IQR]) were calculated in weeks by total time (n=27), ODU time (n=34), patient time (n=31) and INSS time (n=27). RESULTS: Total time was 51 weeks (IQR: 33.6 and 122.6), of which 42 weeks (17.6-99.5) corresponded to the waiting period at the INSS. CONCLUSIONS: The disproportionately long waiting time since INSS receives a case could impact on the under-recognition of OD. Urgent improvement of the administrative process is needed to reduce the patient waiting time for the recognition of OD.

Measures to prevent the risks associated with exposure to cytostatic drugs in glaucoma filtering surgery. / Medidas para prevenir los riesgos asociados con la exposición a citostáticos en cirugía filtrante de glaucoma.

INTRODUCTION: The use of cytostatic drugs such as Mitomycin C and 5-Fluorouracil is well-known in glaucoma filtering surgery, as well as the management of its complications. However, there is a lack of information regarding the preventive measures to be taken by the professional that handles these types of substances. OBJECTIVE: Raise awareness among professionals of the risks associated with the use of cytostatic drugs without adequate prevention measures. RESULTS: Review of the available literature and legislation on preventive measures in the management of cytostatic drugs in the medical and ophthalmological field. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention and awareness of the risks of the qualified professionals that handle these substances is the most important measure to prevent the possible risks. Coordination is necessary with the Occupational Health teams of the Hospital, as well as the professionals and staff involved in the different phases of the process, from the preparation in Hospital Pharmacy to its elimination.

Work-related burnout syndrome in physicians in Spain. / Síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (burnout) en los médicos de España.

This article brings together the views of a working group to deliberate on Burnout among Physicians in Spain. The document is the result of the answers that different members of the group have prepared to different questions on the subject with conclusions derived from the discussion among all the participants. Burnout is an entity with a high incidence in physicians, with serious work, personal and economic repercussions, whose recognition as a disease is changing in recent years. Particularly affected are some specialties, such as Primary Care, Oncology, Intensive Care Medicine, and Palliative Care. The common factor being an increased qualitative or quantitative demand on the professional. Although it may have a substratum of personal characteristics, it is more commonly associated with extrinsic factors specific to the organisation of work and the management of occupational risks. It involves serious indirect costs for the health system including absenteeism, high financial costs and leads to loss of health and well-being in people who suffer it.

Factores psicosociales laborales y sintomatología ansiosa y depresiva en cuidados intensivos de un hospital público de Nuevo Chimbote / Psychosocial work factors and anxiety and depression symptoms in the intensive care unit of a public hospital in Nuevo Chimbote

RESUMEN Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre factores psicosociales laborales y la presencia de sintomatología de ansiedad o depresión en el personal de salud de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Hospital Regional Eleazar Guzmán Barrón de Nuevo Chimbote. Materiales y métodos: El método fue cuantitativo, observacional, no experimental, de corte transversal y descriptivo-correlacional. La población estuvo conformada por los 70 trabajadores de la UCI del hospital; la muestra fue censal. La técnica empleada fue la aplicación de la encuesta. Los instrumentos fueron el Cuestionario de factores psicosociales en el trabajo aplicados a trabajadores peruanos, validado con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,9; la escala de ansiedad de Lima (EAL-20), validada con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,89, y la escala de psicopatología depresiva (EPD-6), validada con un alfa de Cronbach de 0,7359. Para la recopilación, procesamiento y análisis de datos se utilizó el programa SPSS, versión 26, y se aplicó estadística descriptiva, mientras que para la asociación de variables se empleó la prueba ji al cuadrado. Resultados: El factor psicosocial laboral más bajo fue el papel laboral y desarrollo de la carrera (57,10 %), donde el personal de enfermería fue el más afectado (27,10 %). El factor psicosocial laboral más alto fue la remuneración del rendimiento (40,00 %), donde el personal técnico de enfermería fue el más afectado (30,00 %). Conclusiones: Las condiciones laborales, la carga de trabajo, las exigencias laborales, el contenido y las características de la tarea fueron las dimensiones laborales que se asociaron a la aparición de la sintomatología de ansiedad; asimismo, el contenido y las características de la tarea, las exigencias y el papel laboral y desarrollo de la tarea fueron las dimensiones que se asociaron a la aparición de síntomas de depresión.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the association between psychosocial work factors and anxiety or depression symptoms among health workers of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) at Hospital Regional Eleazar Guzmán Barrón in Nuevo Chimbote. Materials and methods: The study used a quantitative, observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptivecorrelational research design. The population consisted of 70 workers of the hospital's ICU. A census sampling and survey technique were employed. The instruments were the following: Questionnaire on Psychosocial Work Factors Administered to Peruvian Workers, validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.9; Lima Anxiety Scale (EAL-20), validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.89; and Psychopathology Scale for Depressive Disorders (EPD-6), validated with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.7359. By applying descriptive statistics, IBM SPSS Statistics V26 was used for data collection, processing and analysis, and the chi-square test for the association of variables. Results: The lowest psychosocial work factor was work role and career development (57.10 %), with the nursing staff being the most affected one (27.10 %). The highest psychosocial work factor was performance-based remuneration (40.00 %), with the technical nursing staff being the most affected one (30.00 %). Conclusions: Working conditions, workload, work demands and content and characteristics of the task were the work dimensions associated with the occurrence of anxiety symptoms; likewise, content and characteristics of the task, work demands, and work role and career development were the dimensions associated with the occurrence of depression symptoms.

Sarcoidosis ocupacional o ambiental: diagnóstico enigmático con muchos progenitores para un mismo síndrome / Occupational or environmental sarcoidosis: enigmatic diagnosis with many parents to the same syndrome

RESUMEN Es conocida desde hace más de veinte años, la posibilidad de que fármacos o anti cuerpos monoclonales utilizados en el tratamiento de diferentes enfermedades pueden ocasionar la aparición de un síndrome símil sarcoidosis. Ciertas líneas de evidencia han sugerido que determinados lugares de trabajo están asociados con el riesgo de sarcoidosis En sarcoidosis, diferentes exposiciones pueden estar relacionadas con otros compromi sos viscerales. La afección presenta más de una causa y provocar fenómenos disímiles de la enfermedad o fenotipo. De las enfermedades ocupacionales de pulmón, la que más se asemeja es la beriliosis. Cuando la causa es de origen laboral, su reconocimiento es primordial para admitir un tratamiento eficaz mediante el retiro del trabajador afectado de la exposición y para establecer una intervención dirigida a la prevención primaria mediante las secciones especializadas en seguridad e higiene industrial. Por lo tanto, y por lo expuesto, debe considerarse que la sarcoidosis es un síndrome con cuantiosos factores etiológicos probables, a lo que hay que asociar tanto el fenotipo como la sensibilidad individual ante una noxa determinada. Esto hace que, en forma periódica, se publiquen casos en los que la clínica y el cuadro histológico de granuloma epitelioide no caseoso hallado en biopsias, se vincule a un determinado riesgo ambiental y/o laboral.

SUMMARY It has been known for more than 20 years, the possibility that drugs or monoclonal anti bodies used in the treatment of different diseases can cause a Sarcoidosis-like syndrome. Certain lines of evidence have suggested that certain workplaces are associated with the risk of Sarcoidosis. In Sarcoidosis, different exposures may be related to visceral involvement. The condition has more than one cause and brings about dissimilar pheno mena of the disease or phenotype. Of the occupational lung diseases, the one that most closely resembles it, is Berylliosis. When the cause is of occupational origin, its recognition is essential to allow effective treatment by removing the affected worker from exposure and to establish an intervention aimed at primary prevention through sections specialized in industrial hygiene and security. Therefore, it must be considered that Sarcoidosis is a syndrome with nume rous probable etiological factors, to which both the phenotype and individual susceptibility to a given toxic effect must be associated. Due to what has been stated, this means that cases are periodically publis hed in which the clinical and histological features of non-caseous epithelioid granuloma found in biopsies are linked to a certain environmental and/or occupational risk.

[Occupational risk during pregnancy and sick leave in a cohort of workers from Parc de Salut Mar (Barcelona, Spain)]. / Prestación por riesgo durante el embarazo e incapacidad temporal en una cohorte de trabajadoras del Parc de Salut Mar (Barcelona, España).

OBJECTIVE: To study the use of the Pregnancy occupational risk benefit (PORB) and non-work related sickness absence (NWSA) in a cohort of pregnant workers of Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona (Spain). METHOD: Retrospective cohort study of 428 pregnant workers between 2010 and 2014, who were followed-up until delivery. Absences from work, both PORB and NWSA were recorded until the beginning of their maternity leave. The sequence analysis identifies four trajectories, which are described according to workers demographic and job characteristics. RESULTS: Of the total cohort, 56 (13.1%) accessed only the PORB, representing 6.126 days of absence; 68 (15.9%) also accessed PORB, with 7.127 days of absence, but had previously accumulated 102 episodes of NWSA with 1.820 days of absence. The majority of pregnant workers in the sample (69.9%) took only one or several episodes of NWSA without using PORB, with 545 episodes and 26,337 days of absence. Most were active during the first quarter and it is from the second quarter that episodes of long-term NWSA appeared. During the last month of pregnancy more than 80% of the workers were absent from work. CONCLUSIONS: Pregnant workers remained at work for two thirds of their pregnancy. Absences were mainly due to episodes of NWSA. PORB represented one third of them. As in other similar countries, our results suggest a change in the management of social protection benefits for pregnant workers.

Efeitos da dupla proteção auditiva na saúde do trabalhador: revisão de literatura / Effects of double hearing protection on occupational health: a literature review / Efectos de la doble protección auditiva en la salud de los trabajadores: revisión de la literatura

O uso da proteção auditiva pode representar uma série de preocupações de segurança quando considerados o treinamento e orientação, os prejuízos à comunicação e o ambiente ocupacional. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar os benefícios da dupla proteção auditiva em risco de ruído ocupacional. Os artigos científicos de embasamento foram selecionados pelas bases de dados MEDLINE (Pubmed), Lilacs, Scielo, SCOPUS e Web of Science, sem restrição de idioma, período e localização. Foram localizados 197 artigos em que três atenderam aos critérios de admissão desta pesquisa. Os Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPIs) exigem controle rigoroso quanto ao seu uso adequado, que por vezes é negligenciado na rotina diária de trabalho. Conclui-se que a modernização e o uso de tecnologias mais seguras tem o intuito de diminuir o impacto da exposição ao ruído, entretanto, as barreiras entre a economia e a adesão pelos trabalhadores ainda precisam ser minimizadas.

Use of hearing protection can raise a series of safety concerns when considering training and guidance, communication impairments, and occupational environment. Hence, this study assessed the benefits of dual hearing protection in occupational noise risk. Scientific articles were selected from the MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SCIELO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases, with no language, period, or location restrictions. A total of 197 articles were located, of which three met the inclusion criteria. Proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) usage requires strict monitoring, which is sometimes overlooked in the daily work routine. Modernization and use of safer technologies aim to reduce the impact of noise exposure; however, the barriers between the economy and worker adherence still need to be mitigated.

El uso de protección auditiva puede implicar una serie de preocupaciones de seguridad al considerar el entrenamiento y orientación, el daño a la comunicación y el ambiente laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los beneficios de la doble protección auditiva en riesgo de ruido laboral. Se seleccionaron los artículos científicos de las bases de datos MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS, SciELO, Scopus y Web of Science, sin restricciones de idioma, período y ubicación. Se encontraron 197 artículos, de los cuales tres cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión para este estudio. Los equipos de protección individual (EPI) requieren un riguroso control sobre su adecuado uso y, muchas veces, no son utilizados por los trabajadores durante su rutina laboral. Se concluye que la modernización y el uso de tecnologías más seguras pueden reducir el impacto de la exposición al ruido, sin embargo, las barreras entre la economía y el uso de estos equipos por los trabajadores aún necesitan mitigarse.

Hombres que trabajan a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil: reflexiones desde la salud ocupacional / Men working through mobile applications in Brazil: Reflections from occupational health

RESUMEN El trabajo a través de aplicaciones móviles surgió como una alternativa para muchos hombres brasileños durante la crisis económica y el aumento del desempleo. Sin embargo, estos trabajadores operan de manera informal, sin relación laboral, lo que genera precariedad laboral y falta de derechos laborales. Desde un abordaje teórico-reflexivo, este artículo analiza la intersección entre la salud ocupacional, la plataformización del trabajo y los desafíos específicos que enfrentan los hombres repartidores de aplicaciones, especialmente durante la pandemia de covid-19. Las categorías reflexivas se dividieron en dos secciones temáticas: "La inserción laboral a través de aplicaciones móviles en Brasil y el modelo de trabajo mediante algoritmos" y "hombres, salud y motocicletas: la salud ocupacional y el comportamiento masculino en el trabajo a través de aplicaciones de entrega". Se examina la expansión de este tipo de trabajo en el contexto socioeconómico brasileño, la falta de seguridad y protección laboral para estos trabajadores, así como los riesgos enfrentados, especialmente durante la pandemia, en el marco de una cultura masculina.

ABSTRACT Work through mobile applications emerged as an alternative for many Brazilian men during the economic crisis and rising unemployment. However, these workers operate informally, without a formal employment relationship, leading to labor precariousness and a lack of workers' rights. Using a theoretical-reflexive, this study analyzes the intersection between occupational health, the platformization of work, and the specific challenges faced by male delivery app workers, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Reflective categories are divided into two thematic sections: "Labor insertion through mobile applications in Brazil and the algorithmic work model" and "men, health, and motorcycles: occupational health and male behavior in app-based delivery work." The study examines the expansion of this type of work in the Brazilian socio-economic context, the lack of security and labor protection for these workers, as well as the risks faced, particularly during the pandemic, within a male-centric culture.

Educação em saúde: gerenciamento de resíduos hospitalares e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual / Health education: hospital waste management and use of personal protective equipment / Educación sanitaria: gestión de residuos hospitalarios y uso de equipos de protección personal

Objetivo: Desenvolver intervenção educativa sobre gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual com profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: Pesquisa-ação, realizada com profissionais de enfermagem de um hospital da rede pública no nordeste brasileiro, entre janeiro a julho de 2018. Os dados foram organizados com apoio do software webQDA© e análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: Emergiram duas categorias: Gerenciamento dos Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde e Utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individuais. Parte dos profissionais possuíam conhecimento adequado sobre o gerenciamento dos resíduos de serviços de saúde. Os resultados apontam que parcela dos participantes reconhecem a periculosidade que os grupos de resíduos de serviços de saúde possuem, adotando cuidados, porém, reconhecem a ocorrência de condutas não seguras, como uso incorreto de equipamentos de proteção individual. Além disso, os técnicos de enfermagem demostraram conhecimento incipiente sobre os resíduos de serviços de saúde e expressaram mais exposição a riscos ocupacionais. Conclusão: A intervenção educativa realizada evidenciou a necessidade de efetivar a construção de conhecimentos coletivos no âmbito da educação permanente relacionado aos resíduos e riscos ocupacionais entre profissionais de enfermagem. Recomendam-se outros estudos para avaliar a efetividade e impacto da intervenção educativa no ambiente hospitalar. (AU)

Objective: Develop educational intervention on health care waste management and the use of personal protective equipment with nursing professionals. Methods: Action research, carried out with nursing professionals from a public hospital in northeastern Brazil, between January and July 2017. The data were organized with the support of webQDA © software and content analysis by Bardin. Results: Two categories emerged: Waste Management from Health Services and Use of Personal Protective Equipment. Part of the professionals had adequate knowledge about the management of waste from health services. The results show that a portion of the participants recognize the dangerousness that the health service waste groups have, adopting care in relation to these, however, they recognize the occurrence of unsafe conduct, such as incorrect use of personal protective equipment. In addition, nursing technicians demonstrated incipient knowledge about health service waste and expressed more exposure to occupational risks. Conclusion: The educational intervention carried out showed the need to carry out the construction of collective knowledge within the scope of permanent education related to GRSS and occupational risks among nursing professionals. Further studies are recommended to assess the effectiveness and impact of educational intervention in the hospital environment. (AU)

Objetivo: Desarrollar una intervención educativa sobre la gestión de residuos sanitarios y el uso de equipos de protección personal con profesionales de enfermería. Métodos: Investigación acción, realizada con la profesión de un hospital público en el noreste de Brasil, entre enero y julio de 2017. Los datos se organizan con el apoyo del software webQDA © y el análisis de contenido Bardin. Resultados: Surgieron dos categorías: Gestión de dos Residuos de Servicios de Salud y Uso de Equipos de Protección Personal. Los profesionales de la segunda parte tienen el conocimiento o manejo adecuado de dos residuos de los servicios de salud. Los resultados indican que dos participantes reconsideran la peligrosidad que representaban los grupos de residuos del servicio de salud, adhiriéndose cuidados, por lo que reconsideran la ocurrencia de conductas inseguras, como el uso incorrecto de equipos de protección personal. Además, los técnicos de enfermería demostrarán un conocimiento incipiente sobre el desperdicio de servicios de salud y expresarán una mayor exposición a los riesgos laborales. Conclusión: La intervención educativa realizada mostró la necesidad de realizar la construcción de conocimientos colectivos fuera del ámbito de la educación permanente relacionada con los GRSS y los riesgos laborales entre los profesionales de la enfermedad. Recomendamos otros estudios para evaluar la efectividad y el impacto de la intervención educativa en el ámbito hospitalario. (AU)

Percepção de risco e comportamento de estudantes universitários relacionados às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis / Perception of risk and behavior of university students related to sexually transmitted infections / Percepción de riesgo y comportamiento de estudiantes universitarios relacionados con infecciones de transmisión sexual

Objetivo: Verificar associação entre a percepção de risco para infecções sexualmente transmissíveis e variáveis sociocomportamentais de universitários. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com 655 estudantes de ensino superior. A amostragem foi probabilística por conglomerados. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado para coleta de dados. A análise estatística foi realizada no Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Resultados: Maioria do sexo feminino, com média de 23 anos de idade, cor não branca, solteira/separada e de religião católica. Houve associação significativa entre percepção de risco e a idade, religião, orientação sexual, idade da sexarca, realização do teste do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana, número de parcerias e uso de preservativo com parceiro fixo. Conclusão: Foi possível confirmar que a percepção de risco é realmente uma variável importante, e que, a sua ausência pode ser um fator determinante para adoção de comportamentos considerados arriscados para aquisição de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, como maior número de parcerias sexuais e baixa adesão ao preservativo. (AU)

Objective: to verify the existence of an association between the perception of risk and socio-behavioral variables of university students. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 655 students of higher education. Sampling was probabilistic by clusters; A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Statistical analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: The majority were female, with a mean age of 23 years, non-white, single / separated / widowed and Catholic. There was a significant association between risk perception and gender, age, religion, sexual orientation, sexarche age, Human Immunodeficiency Virus testing, number of sexual partnerships and condom use with a fixed partner. Conclusion: It was possible to confirm that risk perception is a really important variable and the lack of it can be a determining factor for the adoption of risky behaviors associated with the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections, like greater number of sexual partnerships and low adherence to condoms. (AU)

Objetivo: Verificar la existencia de asociación entre la percepción del riesgo y variables de comportamiento de la universidad colaboradora. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo, analítico realizado con 655 estudiantes universitarios. La muestra fue probabilística por conglomerados; Se utilizó un cuestionario con 60 preguntas objetivas. Los datos fueron analizados mediante el paquete estadístico para las Ciencias Sociales. Este trabajo sigue los lineamientos de la Resolución 466/2012 del SNC. Resultados: La mayoría eran mujeres con una media de 23 años, no blanco, Individual / Separado / viuda, y católica. Se observó una asociación significativa entre la percepción del riesgo y el género, la edad, la religión, la orientación sexual, la edad sexarche, la realización de la prueba del Vírus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana, número de parejas sexuales y el uso del condón con parejas habituales. Conclusión: Se pudo constatar que la percepción de riesgo es realmente una variable importante, y que su ausencia puede ser un factor determinante para la adopción de conductas consideradas de riesgo para la adquisición de infecciones de transmisión sexual, como mayor número de parejas sexuales y baja adherencia al condón. (AU)

Percepción sobre riesgos laborales en Enfermería durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Occupational hazard perceptions in nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic

Fundamento: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha incrementado los riesgos laborales en los profesionales de Enfermería, por ello es necesario conocer las percepciones del personal de salud como valor cualitativo a tener en cuenta en la gestión efectiva de su proceso laboral. Objetivo: Describir la percepción del profesional de Enfermería frente a los riesgos laborales durante la pandemia COVID-19, desde un enfoque fenomenológico. Metodología: Investigación cualitativa (descriptiva-explicativa) de tipo fenomenológico, estudiando las percepciones de 13 profesionales de Enfermería sobre los riesgos laborales de tipo físico, biológico, fisiológico y ergonómico, acontecidos en el Hospital del IESS "Dr. Efrén Jurado", en Guayaquil, Ecuador. Resultados: Se observó que los profesionales emplean estrategias de afrontamiento frente a los riesgos laborales, asimismo fomentan una conducta de autocuidado, siguen protocolos de bioseguridad, fortalecen la comunicación efectiva en el equipo de trabajo, brindan apoyo emocional al paciente, proyectan una actitud positiva y empática y mantienen su fortaleza en Dios; los profesionales constantemente experimentan miedo al contagio, tristeza, frustración e impotencia en su jornada laboral. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos se aproximan al modelo de creencias de salud, describiendo componentes que interactúan para originar una conducta o actitud de prevención de riesgo entre enfermeros, una percepción individual donde intervienen las creencias y los factores modificables como aspectos emocionales relacionados con los sentimientos.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has increased occupational hazards in nursing professionals, therefore, it is necessary to know the perceptions of health staff as a qualitative value to be taken into account in the effective management of their work process. Objective: To describe the perception of the Nursing professional in relation to occupational risks during the COVID-19 pandemic, from a phenomenological point of view. Methodology: Qualitative research (descriptive-explanatory) of the phenomenological type, studying the perceptions of 13 nursing professionals about physical occupational hazards, biological, physiological and ergonomic, occurred at the IESS Hospital "Dr. Efrén Jurado", in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Results: It was observed that the professionals use strategies for coping against occupational hazards, they also encourage self-care behaviors, follow biosafety protocols enhance effective communication in the work team, provide emotional support to the patient, project an attitude of positivity and compassion, and remain strong in God; professionals constantly experience fear of infection, sadness, frustration and powerlessness in their daily work. Conclusions: Findings approach the health belief model, describing components that interact to create a risk prevention behavior or attitude among nurses, an individual perception that involves beliefs and modifiable factors such as emotional aspects related to feelings.

Silicoproteinosis en paciente minero en Colombia. Reporte de caso / Silicoproteinosis in a mining patient in Colombia. Case report

La silicosis pulmonar es una enfermedad ocupacional que continúa ocasionando morbilidad en el mundo. Debido a que el sílice es el mineral más abundante en la tierra y en las rocas, son numerosas las fuentes de exposición laboral a la inhalación del polvo de sílice en varios sectores industriales. Por su parte, la silicoproteinosis pulmonar es una forma aguda muy rara de silicosis, que puede desarrollarse con un período de latencia más corto en comparación con la silicosis, luego de la primera exposición al sílice, y se caracteriza por un rápido deterioro de la función pulmonar, sin respuesta efectiva a ningún tratamiento. Por su forma de presentación tan atípica, reportamos el caso de un hombre de 58 años, con antecedente laboral de trabajo en mina de extracción de oro en socavón

Pulmonary silicosis is an occupational disease that continues to cause morbidity in the world. Because silica is the most abundant mineral in soil and rock, sources of occupational exposure to inhalation of silica dust are numerous in various industrial sectors. Alternately, pulmonary silicoproteinosis is a very rare acute form of silicosis, which can develop with a shorter latency period compared to silicosis after the first exposure to silica, and is characterized by a rapid deterioration of lung function, without effective response to any treatment. Due to its atypical form of presentation, we report the case of a 58-year-old man, with a history of working in a gold mine

Manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalarios y riesgo laboral del enfermero

Introducción. Los pilares para optimizar la salud, tanto en el entorno público como ambiental de los países a nivel mundial se encuentran en la adecuada gestión residual hospitalaria. Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el manejo de residuos sólidos hospitalarios y el riesgo laboral en enfermeros de un hospital provincial de Perú. Método. Diseño no experimental, de corte transversal, descriptivo y correlacional. Los participantes fueron enfermeros quienes respondieron a dos instrumentos validados por juicio de expertos con un valor K de Richardson de 0,825 y un alfa de Cronbach de 0,803. Resultados. Los principales resultados identifican un óptimo manejo de los residuos sólidos con un 61.5 % y en el riesgo laboral el 65.4 % de los enfermeros presentan un nivel alto. Según la prueba estadística de R de Pearson se obtuvo un coeficiente de correlación de 0.546 y con un valor de significancia menor al 0.01. Conclusión. Existe un grado de relación directa, alta y significativa entre el manejo de residuos sólidos y el riesgo laboral del enfermero. Por lo tanto, a mejor manejo del uso de los residuos sólidos se reducirá los riesgos de accidentes laborales del enfermero en el servicio de emergencia del hospital.

Introduction The pillars to optimize health both in the public and environmental environment of countries worldwide are found in the adequate hospital residual management. Objective. To determine the relationship between hospital solid waste management and occupational risk in nurses of a provincial hospital in Peru. Method. Non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational design. Participants were nurses who responded to two instruments validated by expert judgment with a Richardson K value of 0.825 and a Cronbach's alpha of 0.803. Results. The main results identify an optimal management of solid waste with 61.5% and in occupational risk 65.4% of nurses have a high level. According to Pearson's R statistical test, a correlation coefficient of 0.546 was obtained and with a significance value of less than 0.01. Conclusion. There is a degree of direct, high and significant relationship between solid waste management and nurses' occupational risk. Therefore, better management of the use of solid waste will reduce the risks of occupational accidents of nurses in the emergency department of the hospital.

Introdução. Os pilares para otimizar a saúde tanto no ambiente público quanto ambiental de países do mundo estão no adequado manejo de resíduos hospitalares. Objetivo. Determinar a relação entre o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos hospitalares e o risco ocupacional em enfermeiros de um hospital provincial no Peru. Método. Delineamento não experimental, transversal, descritivo e correlacional. Os participantes foram enfermeiros que responderam a dois instrumentos validados por julgamento de especialistas com valor de K de Richardson de 0,825 e alfa de Cronbach de 0,803. Resultados. Os principais resultados identificam um ótimo gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos com 61,5% e no risco ocupacional 65,4% dos enfermeiros apresentam nível elevado. De acordo com o teste estatístico R de Pearson, obteve-se coeficiente de correlação de 0,546 e com valor de significância menor que 0,01. Conclusão. Há um grau de relação direta, alta e significativa entre o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos e o risco ocupacional dos enfermeiros. Portanto, um melhor gerenciamento do aproveitamento dos resíduos sólidos reduzirá os riscos de acidentes ocupacionais dos enfermeiros do pronto-socorro do hospital.

Enfermedades de origen laboral en docentes escolares: una revisión sistemática / Occupational Diseases in School Teachers: A Systematic review

Introducción. La docencia es una de las principales profesiones vinculadas con el desarrollo de una sociedad; como cualquier labor, se encuentra expuesta a diferentes factores de riesgo que pueden generar una enfermedad de origen laboral. Objetivo. Identificar y caracterizar la literatura actual que presente las principales enfermedades de los docentes escolares como consecuencia de su trabajo y/o las condiciones laborales. Materiales y Métodos. Revisión sistemática con búsqueda en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), APA - PSYCNET, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS y Open Grey. Se realiza selección pareada independiente bajo criterios de inclusión y análisis de forma narrativa, incluyendo generalidades, información de la enfermedad y desenlaces en docentes. Resultados. Se incluyeron 47 estudios, de los cuales el 25,5 % fueron publicados en 2015; Brasil fue el país con mayor aporte temático. La mayoría de los estudios agrupó a los docentes escolares sin distinción de su ciclo (primaria, bachillerato y media). Las principales enfermedades identificadas fueron trastornos de la voz 51,1 %, musculoesqueléticos 23,4 % y psicosociales 21,3 %. Adicionalmente, se identificó que al menos el 50 % de los reportes por país estuvieron relacionados con trastornos de la voz; Brasil e India fueron los países de mayor representatividad. Conclusiones. Las principales enfermedades laborales docentes fueron las relacionadas con trastornos de la voz, musculoesqueléticos y psicosociales; a su vez, estas se relacionan con riesgos físicos, condiciones de seguridad, riesgos biomecánicos y psicosociales en el contexto escolar.

Introduction. Teaching is one of the main professions linked to the development of a society, and like any other labor it is exposed to different risk factors that can generate an occupational disease. Objective. To identify and characterize the current literature on the main illnesses suffered by schoolteachers as a result of their work and/or working conditions. Methodology. Systematic review with search in the databases Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), APA - PSYCNET, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS and Open Grey. We performed independent paired selection under inclusion criteria and narrative analysis including generalities, disease information and outcomes in teachers. Results. Forty-seven studies were included, 25.5% of which were published in 2015, and Brazil was the country with the largest thematic contribution. Most of the studies grouped schoolteachers regardless of their cycle (primary, secondary and high school). The main illnesses identified were voice disorders 51.1%, musculoskeletal disorders 23.4% and psychosocial disorders 21.3%. In addition, it was found that at least 50% of the reports per country were related to voice disorders, with Brazil and India being the most representative. Conclusions. The main occupational illnesses identified were related to voice, musculoskeletal and psychosocial disorders; these in turn are related to physical, safety, biomechanical and psychosocial risks in the school context.

Factores relacionados con absentismo laboral en una compañía minera colombiana / Factors Related to Absenteeism in a Colombian Mining Company / Fatores relacionados ao absenteísmo em uma empresa de mineração colombiana

El absentismo laboral es una condición que afecta cada día a un gran número de empresas y que repercute en los ámbitos económico, social y cultural. Objetivo: Caracterizar el absentismo laboral por causa médica durante 2021 en trabajadores del área operativa de una compañía de extracción de minerales en Antioquia (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, retrospectivo para caracterizar el ab-sentismo laboral de una empresa minera, teniendo en cuenta una base de datos suministrada por dicha empresa, en la cual se presentaron los registros de absentismo de los trabajadores de la mina y sus diferentes áreas durante 2021, correspondiente a un total de 1069 incapacidades. Resultados: Los factores asociados con un aumento de la frecuencia del absentismo fueron la antigüedad del trabajador en la empresa, el cargo desempeñado y el área al cual se está adscrito, teniendo así que las causas más frecuentes de absentismo fueron las enfermedades de origen común de tipo respiratorio y traumatismos. Conclusión: El absentismo laboral se encuentra relacionado con el patrón de enfermedad o accidente laboral, y su prevalencia, en cuanto a áreas y sexo, se encuentra relacionada con las características propias de la compañía.

Work absenteeism is a condition that affects a large number of companies every day, generating an economic, social and cultural impact. Objective: To characterize absenteeism due to medical reasons during the year 2021 in workers of the operative area of a mineral extraction company in Antioquia, Colombia. Material and Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective study was conducted to characterize absenteeism in the operational area of a mining extraction company in Colombia, taking into account a database provided by the company, which presents the records of absenteeism of workers in the mine and its different areas during the period of 2021, corresponding to a total of 1,069 incapacities. Results: The factors associated with an increase in the frequency of absenteeism were the worker's seniority in the company, the position held and the area to which he/she is assigned, thus having that the most frequent causes of absenteeism were common respiratory diseases and traumatisms. Conclusion: It can be concluded that absenteeism is related to the pattern of occupational illness or accident, and that the prevalence of absenteeism in terms of areas and sex is related to the company's own characteristics.

O absenteísmo é uma condição que afeta muitas empresas todos os dias e tem repercussões nas esferas econômica, social e cultural. Objetivo: Caracterizar o absenteísmo por motivos médicos durante 2021 em trabalhadores da área operacional de uma empresa de extração mineral em Antioquia (Colômbia). Materiais e métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo para caracterizar o absenteísmo em uma empresa de mineração, levando em conta um banco de dados fornecido pela empresa, no qual foram apresentados os registros de absenteísmo dos trabalhadores da mina e de suas diferentes áreas durante 2021, correspondendo a um total de 1069 incapacidades. Resultados: Os fatores associados a um aumento na frequência de absenteísmo foram a antiguidade do trabalhador na empresa, o cargo ocupado e a área para a qual ele foi designado, sendo que as causas mais frequentes de absenteísmo foram doenças respiratórias de origem comum e traumatismos. Conclusão: O absenteísmo está relacionado ao padrão de doença ou acidente de trabalho, e sua pre-valência, em termos de áreas e sexo, está relacionada às características próprias da empresa

Estructuración y aplicación de la norma UNE 66177 para la integración de las normas ISO 9001 e ISO 45001 en estaciones de servicio de gasolina en Boyacá (Colombia) / Structuring and Application of the UNE 66177 standard for Integration of ISO 9001 and ISO 45001 in Boyacá - Colombia Gasoline Service Stations / Estruturação e aplicação da norma UNE 66177 para a integração das normas ISSO 9001 e ISSO 45001 em postos de gasolina em Boyacá (Colômbia)

Introducción: Las estaciones de servicio de gasolina actualmente tienen dificultad en certificar sus procesos de funcionamiento ante los entes correspondientes; por tal motivo, surgió el interés de cumplir con estándares inter-nacionales mediante la aplicación integral de dos normas técnicas colombianas, como lo son la ISO 9001:2015 y la ISO 45001:2018. Objetivo: Diseñar y aplicar un modelo integrado de gestión de la calidad y seguridad y salud en el trabajo bajo los requisitos de las normas técnicas colombianas ISO 9001 e ISO 45001 para las estaciones de servicio de gasolina de Boyacá, con aplicación en una empresa piloto. Metodología: Se desarrolló en tres fases. Inicialmente, se diagnosticaron las condiciones actuales de las estaciones de servicio de gasolina; posteriormente, se diseñó un modelo de integración bajo las normas objeto de estudio, y, por último, se aplicó dicho modelo a la empresa piloto. Resultados: Se obtuvo el diseño de un sistema de gestión integral basado en calidad, seguridad y salud en el trabajo mediante la aplicación de dos normas técnicas como lo son la ISO 9001:2015 e ISO 45001:2018, respec-tivamente. Conclusiones: Este sistema integrado de gestión es el primer paso para que las estaciones de servicio de gasolina puedan ofrecer calidad en la venta de combustible, alineado con las exigencias normativas expuestas en la Resolu-ción 0312 de 2019, y para cumplir los requisitos técnicos de la Resolución 40405 de 2020

Introduction: Gasoline service stations currently have difficulty certifying their operating processes by corresponding entities, for this reason there is an interest in complying these standards through the comprehensive application of two technical standards such as ISO 9001: 2015 and ISO 45001:2018. Objective: Design and apply an integrated model of quality management and occupational health and safety, under requirements of the Colombian technical standard ISO 9001 and ISO 45001 for ga-soline service stations in Boyacá, with a pilot company.Methodology: It was developed in three phases, initially it was discovered in the current conditions of gasoline service stations, later an integration model was started under the standards and finally the model was applied to the pilot Company. Results: The design of a comprehensive management system based on quality, safety and health at work was obtained through the application of two technical standards such as ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 respectively. Conclusions: An integrated management system based on ISO 9001:2015 and ISO 45001:2018 stan-dards was designed, which is the first step to gasoline service stations can offer quality in the sale of fuel aligned with the regulatory requirements in resolution 0312 of 2019 and to meet the technical requirements of resolution 40405 of 2020

Introdução: Atualmente, os postos de gasolina têm dificuldade para certificar seus processos ope-racionais perante as entidades correspondentes; por esse motivo, surgiu o interesse em cumprir as normas internacionais por meio da aplicação integral de duas normas técnicas colombianas, como a ISSO 9001:2015 e a ISSO 45001:2018. Objetivo: projetar e implementar um modelo integrado de gestão de qualidade e saúde e segurança ocupacional de acordo com os requisitos das normas técnicas colombianas ISO 9001 e ISO 45001 para postos de gasolina em Boyacá, com aplicação em uma empresa piloto. Metodologia: foi desenvolvida em três fases. Inicialmente, foram diagnosticadas as condições atuais dos postos de gasolina; em seguida, foi projetado um modelo de integração de acordo com os padrões em estudo e, por fim, o modelo foi aplicado à empresa piloto. Resultados: o projeto de um sistema de gestão integrado baseado em qualidade, segurança e saúde no trabalho foi obtido por meio da aplicação de duas normas técnicas, como a ISO 9001:2015 e a ISO 45001:2018, respectivamente. Conclusões: Esse sistema de gerenciamento integrado é o primeiro passo para que os postos de combustíveis ofereçam qualidade na venda de combustíveis, alinhados com os requisitos regulatórios estabelecidos na Resolução 0312 de 2019, e atendam aos requisitos técnicos da Resolução 40405 de 2020