Turkish validity and reliability of the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory.

OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Premenstrual Change Coping Inventory (PMS-Cope). METHODS: A total of 170 women who met the inclusion criteria were included in the methodological study. Data were collected between the dates of November 5, 2018 and May 5, 2019 with personal information form, PMS-Cope Turkish version, and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: The PMS-Cope was obtained through the translation-back translation method and the content validity was obtained according to expert opinions. After the factor analysis, the Turkish version of the PMS-Cope consisted of three sub-dimensions as in the original scale. The factor loadings of the three-dimensional scale ranged from 0.46 to 0.84, and the explained variance (60.329%) was at the desired level. As a result of structural equation modeling; ×2/SD values of the scale were found to be 4.19, GFI 0.93, AGFI 0.91, CFI 0.95, RMSEA 0.079, and SRMR 0.082, and this scale was acceptable. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the PMS-Cope was 0.86. It was determined that item-total score correlations were higher than 0.30 in all items of PMS-Cope and there was no need to remove items from the scale. When the mean scores of the lower 27% and upper 27% of the scale were compared, a statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p < 0.05). The PMS-Cope score was 41.04 ± 8.99. CONCLUSION: It was determined that the Turkish version of the PMS-Cope was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) and Telemedicine Patient Questionnaire (TPQ) in individuals with multiple sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE: The study was aimed to translate and adapt the Telemedicine Satisfaction and Usefulness Questionnaire (TSUQ) and Telemedicine Patient Questionnaire (TPQ) into Turkish, thereafter to analyze the psychometric properties of both questionnaires. METHODS: A total of 149 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients were recruited in the study. For 4 years, all patients were supervised by a department clinician using telemedicine. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to assess internal consistency. By evaluating the scores of 41 retested patients 1 week later, the test-retest reliability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the construct validity (r). RESULTS: A total of 149 patients (103 women, 46 men) with a mean age of 40.9±10.9 years were included in the study. MS duration of the patients was 9.15±6.24 years. Internal consistency of all items and the total score of the TSUQ were excellent (>0.80; ranged 0.971-0.974). On the other hand, the internal consistency of all items and total score of the TPQ was excellent, either (>0.80; ranged 0.878-0.890). The ICC of the TSUQ's and TPQ's total score was excellent (>0.80). The correlation between TSUQ and TPQ was strong (r=0.734, p<0.01). In addition, there was moderate relationship between the TSUQ and the Beck Depression Scale (BDS) (r=-0.363, p<0.01). On the other hand, there was low correlation between TPQ and BDS (r=-0.217, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the TSUQ and the TPQ is valid and reliable in individuals with MS.

Turkish validity and reliability of the postpartum stressors scale.

This study was conducted to examine the validity and reliability of the Postpartum Stressor Scale (PPSS) in Turkish.177 women were included in the methodological study. The data were collected between 24 September 2018 and 24 January 2019. The validity and validity of PPSS according to the language validity and expert opinions was provided by the translation-back translation method. It was determined that the Turkish form of the PPSS did not occur in three sub-dimensions such as the original structure. Therefore, the factor loadings of the PPSS one-dimensional scale ranged from 0.481 to 0.678, and the explained variance (35.3%) was sufficient. According to the results of CFA, factor loadings of the model ranged from 0.40 to 0.64, and t values of all substances were above 1.96. As a result of structural equation modeling. The obtained fit index values of the scale were found to be x2/SD 1.88, GFI 0.93, AGFI 0.88, CFI 0.95, RMSEA 0.071 and SRMR 0.065, and the model was acceptable. The Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient of PPSS was 0.76. In all items of PPSS, item total score correlations were found to be over 0.30 and there was no need to exclude item from the scale. PPSS was determined as a reliable and valid tool for Turkish society. There was a positive significant correlation between PPSS and PSS (p = 0.000). When the mean scores of lower 27% and upper 27% were compared, statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.000). The mean score of PPSS was 16.67 ± 5.74. As a result of the study, it was determined that the Turkish version of PPSS was a valid and reliable measurement tool.

Turkish Translation, Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Validity of the Exercise-Induced Leg Pain Questionnaire.

CONTEXT: Exercise-induced leg pain (EILP) is a chronic condition that generally arises in elite and recreational athletes' lower quarter of the legs. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the EILP questionnaire into Turkish (T-EILP) and evaluate its reliability and validity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Established guidelines were preferred for translation and adaptation. T-EILP was filled twice with a 1-week interval. In the first assessment, patients were also evaluated with Short Form-36 and Visual Analog Scale, both for preexercise and postexercise. Test-retest reliability and internal consistency of the T-EILP were measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient and Cronbach α coefficient, respectively. The construct validity was demonstrated with the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Further, the minimum detectable change and standard error of measurement with 95% confidence were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 121 participants (23.0 [3.59] y) were included in the study. The test-retest reliability was excellent and internal consistency was acceptable (intraclass correlation coefficient = .821, α = .808). T-EILP was highly correlated with the physical function subscore of the Short Form-36 (r = .509, P < .01). There was a moderate correlation between T-EILP with the bodily pain subscore of the Short Form-36 and Visual Analog Scale (postexercise; r1 = .436, r2 = -.355, P < .01). The standard error of measurement and minimum detectable change with 95% confidence were 3.54 and 9.81, respectively. CONCLUSION: T-EILP is a reliable and valid tool in Turkish-speaking participants. The minimum detectable change with 95% confidence of the T-EILP provides an essential reference for monitoring EILP.

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the graded chronic pain scale in patients with chronic low back pain.

PURPOSE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Turkish version of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale-Revised (GCPS-R) and to evaluate its reliability and validity. METHODS: The prospective and cross-sectional study was performed with 102 low back pain patients (67 women, 35 men). Patients were asked to complete the GCPS-R twice, one week apart. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), Short Form-36 (SF-36), Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) were filled only in the first evaluation. Test-retest reliability was analyzed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's α. The minimal detectable change (MDC95) was calculated based on the standard error of measurement (SEM95). The construct validity was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Exploratory factor analysis was calculated to explore the factor structure of GCPS-R. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45.2 ± 13.1 years. The internal consistency was acceptable, and test-retest reliability was excellent (α = 0.933, ICC = 0.972). SEM95 and MDC95 for the total score were 2.07 and 5.73, respectively. VAS measured for both rest and activity were strongly correlated with GCPS-R (r > 0.50). The correlation between the total score of GCPS-R and RMDQ was excellent (r = 0.677, p < 0.001). SF-36's; physical function, role physical, bodily pain and social function subscores were strongly correlated with GCPS-R (r > 0.50). There was moderate correlation between GCPS-R and the physical activity subscore of the FABQ (r = 0.494, p < 0.001). GCPS-R had a single factor structure as expected. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of GCPS-R is a valid and reliable questionnaire in patients with chronic low back pain. Level of Evidence II (Diagnostic: individual cross-sectional studies with consistently applied reference standard and blinding).

The Turkish validity and reliability study of the London measure of unplanned pregnancy.

AIM: This study aims to adapt the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy (LMUP) developed by Barrett et al. to Turkish by checking its validity and reliability. METHOD: The sample of this methodological study consisted of 596 pregnant women who were referred to the antenatal outpatient clinics of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. Data were collected from those who agreed to participate in the study, by using a personal information form and the six-item LMUP. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 statistical package programs, and statistically assessed using descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and SD, language and content validity, explanatory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and test-retest analysis. RESULTS: The EFA revealed that the Turkish version of the LMUP consisted of five items and one factor. The items' factor loadings were above 0.30, and explained 68.89% of the total variance. The CFA supported the one-factor structure of the scale, which was revealed by the EFA. As a result of the CFA, the fit indices were found to be very good. The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was determined as 0.90. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the LMUP is a valid and reliable instrument to evaluate unplanned pregnancy.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the General Work Stress Scale.

AIM: To test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the General Work Stress Scale. BACKGROUND: Nursing is one of the most stressful professions. The primary measure that should be taken to ensure that nurses can cope with stress is determining their stress levels. METHOD: The General Work Stress Scale was translated into Turkish via back-translation. Its reliability and validity were analysed via item analyses, content and construct validities, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown reliability coefficients. Average and standard deviations of the scale items and the overall scale were calculated. RESULTS: The study was conducted with 276 nurses. The Cronbach's alpha of the whole scale was 0.91, and the Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient was 0.89. According to the resulting one-dimensional structure, the factor loadings of the scale items were between 0.67 and 0.82, and this structure alone explained 58.72% of the total variance. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed perfect and good-fit indices (χ2 /df = 1.96; RMSA = 0.06; CFI = 0.99; IFI = 0.99; GFI = 0.97; RMR = 0.04; NFI = 0.99). The mean total score was 2.55 ± 0.87, while the items' means ranged from 2.10 ± 1.15 to 3.33 ± 1.13. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the General Work Stress Scale is a valid and reliable tool for assessing nurses' general work stress. Nurses largely feel that their work makes them so stressed that they wish they had a different job. The items with high means suggest opportunities for improvement. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The nurses or nursing services and units with low or high stress levels can be determined with the General Work Stress Scale. If necessary, measures aimed at eliminating or reducing the negative effects of those nurses or nursing services and units with high stress levels can be taken in a timely manner.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the obesity-specific quality of life questionnaire: quality of life, obesity, and dietetics (QOLOD) rating scale

Background/aim: Obesity is one of the main public health issues in many countries including Turkey. The aim of the study is to test cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of QOLOD rating scale in the Turkish language. Materials and methods: This methodological study was conducted among the overweight and obesity people between February-March, 2018 in Ankara Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. The data was collected through self-report and face to face interviews. The QOLOD rating scale has 36 items, a 5-point Likert scale (1­5) is used for each question. Results: In the study, of the 180 participants, 101 (56.1%) were female, 79 (43.9%) were male, and the mean age was 43.36 ± 14.28 (min-max 18­87) years. According to the CFA, the Turkish version of QOLOD rating scale shows a multidimensional structure consisting of 34 items. Two items (item 11 and item 35) were excluded from the scale according to the CFA. Cronbach's Alpha value changes between 0.927­0.930. Conclusion: Finding shows that the Turkish version of QOLOD rating scale had sufficient validity and reliability for Turkish population, had strong psychometric characteristics.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity Questionnaire

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity (CISS-T) Questionnaire. Materials and methods: The translation and back translation steps of the study were based on the Beaton guidelines. Sixty-eight patients between 18 and 65 years old with cold intolerance after amputation, replantation, multiple crush syndrome, and peripheral nerve injury were included in the study. Patients completed the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH), the SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the single questions assessing the cold sensitivity and cold intolerance once and the final version of the CISS-T twice with a 7-day interval. Results: The internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.844) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.938) of CISS-T were assessed and both were considerably high. Also, the correlations between the scores of the CISS-T, DASH-T, SF-36-T, and the single questions were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficient. The CISS-T showed an excellent correlation with the single questions (rho = 0.8 and 0.877), a good and negative correlation with the pain subscale of the SF-36 (rho = 0.617), and a moderate correlation with the DASH-T (rho = 0.592). Conclusion: As a result, the CISS-T is a valid and reliable instrument to assess the severity of cold intolerance.

Reliability, validity, and cross-cultural adaptation study of the Turkish version of the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation questionnaire

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Turkish version of the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (T-PRWHE) questionnaire for use in the Turkish patient population. Moreover, we aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the T-PRWHE questionnaire. Materials and methods: A total of 166 patients with hand and wrist problems were included in the study. They completed the T-PRWHE, the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire, and the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline and at the 3rd month of the study. Reliability was evaluated by analyzing internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficient) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient). To analyze validity, factor analysis of the T-PRWHE and correlation coefficients between the T-PRWHE, DASH, and SF-36 were obtained. Results: Reliability of the T-PRWHE in terms of internal consistency (Cronbach alpha coefficients for T-PRWHE were found to be 0.85) was excellent. Intraclass correlation coefficients were over 0.90. The T-PRWHE has three factors and the correlations between the T-PRWHE and DASH and SF-36 were statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, the Turkish version of the PRWHE questionnaire was found to be a valid and reliable scale and it is recommended for the evaluation of patient-based pain and disability level in routine clinical practice.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form.

AIM: The aim of this study is to test the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form. BACKGROUND: Assessment of readiness for discharge from the patient's perspective is becoming increasingly important for patient safety, satisfaction and various patient outcomes such as readmission, health service utilization and mortality. The readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form allows health care providers to determine patients' discharge readiness. METHODS: Participants were 1,579 inpatients from internal medicine departments. The readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form was translated into Turkish via back-translation. We analyzed its reliability and validity via item analyses, an expert panel (content validity) and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (construct validity). RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha of the whole scale was .74 and those for the subscales ranged from .79 to .93. The Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient was .92. The confirmatory factor analysis revealed good fit indices (χ2 /df = 2.6; RMSEA = .03; CFI = 1; GFI and AGFI = .99). The mean total score was 7.27 ± 1.85, while the subscale means ranged from 6.62 ± 3.41 to 7.69 ± 2.24. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form is a valid and reliable tool for assessing discharge readiness. The subscales with low means suggest opportunities for improvement. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: If readiness for hospital discharge scale/short form is valid and reliable, patients who are unready for discharge can be determined with this scale. Thus, nurse managers can determine what kind of measures should be taken for patients who are not ready for discharge, can control nursing practices related to these patients and can provide cooperation between the nurses and other health professionals.

Development and reliability of a Turkish version of the Short Form-Joint Protection Behavior Assessment (JPBA-S).

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical measurement. PURPOSE: To adapt the original JPBA-S to a Turkish version (TUR-JPBA-S) and to investigate its reliability in assessing patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: Twenty-two participants with RA and 21 healthy people were videotaped while performing tasks listed in the TUR-JPBA-S. Two raters scored the video recordings for to evaluate inter-rater reliability. One rater re-analyzed the recordings at a different time point for intra-rater reliability. Participants with RA were asked to perform the same tasks after three to four weeks which was also recorded to evaluate test-retest reliability. RESULTS: Internal consistency (Cronbach's α value) was found to be high (0.89) for participants with RA. Our results demonstrate excellent intra-rater (ICC: 0.99, SEM 1.2) inter-rater (ICC: 0.99, SEM 1.7) reliability, apart from excellent test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.96). CONCLUSION: The TUR-JPBA-S is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing JP behavior in patients with RA in Turkey. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2.

Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL for patients with advanced cancer.

OBJECTIVE: Assessing quality of life, which is the main focus of palliative care, is highly important. The number of available, specific, simple, and valid assessment instruments for patients with advanced cancer in Turkey is limited. The aim of our study was to perform a psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 15-PAL (EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL). METHOD: The study was conducted in Izmir with patients who had received treatment in the palliative care unit of a university hospital between November of 2011 and December of 2013. Sociodemographic and disease characteristics forms, the Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) Scale, and the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL Scale were employed in order to gather data. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients completed the study: 55.3% of participants were female, 80.7% were married, and the average age was 52.76 ± 14.55. The value of Cronbach's α in the analyses ranged from 0.93 to 0.98. Most questionnaire areas had low to moderate correlations with the others. The moderate correlations were between fatigue and physical function (-0.41) and between insomnia and emotional function (-0.53). Conversely, weak correlations were found between nausea/vomiting and appetite loss (0.31) and between insomnia and pain (0.22). KPS scores decreased, patient physical and emotional function were diminished, global QoL declined, and patients' symptoms became more frank. SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS: We concluded that the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL is a valid and reliable tool to determine the quality of life of advanced cancer patients who are undergoing palliative treatment in Turkey.

Turkish version of the Johns Hopkins Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life Questionnaire (RLS-QoL): validity and reliability study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Restless legs syndrome (RLS), as well as problems secondary to RLS, may worsen the quality of life. Our aim was to modify the Restless Legs Syndrome Quality of Life (RLS-QoL) questionnaire advanced by Abetz (Health Qual Life Outcomes 3:79, 2005) and to analyse the validity and reliability of the questionnaire. METHODS: Two hundred and one consecutive patients with RLS and forty-three control subjects were included in the study. Permission regarding the translation and validation of the RLS-QoL questionnaire was obtained. The translation was conducted according to the guidelines provided by the publisher. RESULTS: For the RLS subjects, the mean Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score, the International Restless Legs Syndrome Severity Rating Scale (IRLSSG) score and the computed score of the RLS-QoL questionnaire were 22.60 ± 3.39, 24.83 ± 5.28 and 45.93 ± 17.62, respectively. Among the RLS subjects without insomnia, the mean (±standard deviation) ISI score, IRLSSG score and computed score of the RLS-QoL questionnaire were 6.67 ± 2.34, 15.11 ± 4.03 and 41.93 ± 16.12, respectively. A significant difference was identified between both groups on all scores (ISI: p = 0.001, RLS: p = 0.001). The groups with and without insomnia were similar regarding the computed score of the RLS-QoL questionnaire (p = 0.140). According to a correlation analysis, a significant correlation was identified between the ISI and IRLSSG or RLS-QoL scores (r = 0.513, p = 0.001 and r = -0.383, p = 0.001, respectively). Although the coefficient of correlation is significant between IRLSSG score and RLS-QoL scale score, it should not be considered as a powerful enough correlation (r = 0.190, p = 0.007). Most items also exhibited a strong correlation with each other. The internal consistency determined by Cronbach's alpha indicated an extremely good correlation (0.975). DISCUSSION: These findings suggest the Turkish version of the RLS-QoL questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of the quality of life in patients with RLS.

The Turkish Version of the Compassionate Care Assessment Tool: A Validity and Reliability Study.

Background and Purpose: The Compassionate Care Assessment Tool was designed to evaluate the compassionate care characteristics of nurses. The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version. Methods: This study was a methodological type of study. Data were collected from 300 patients hospitalized in different services. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and LISREL 8.7. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: The content validity index of the scale was 0.94. Confirmatory factor analysis conducted on the Turkish form showed that all items fell within the subscales of the original scale. and that their factor loads were between 0.37 and 0.78. The Cronbach's alpha of the scale was 0.897. Conclusions: The tool is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating compassionate care given by nurses.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Turkish version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to cross-culturally adapt and assess the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the CAIT (CAIT-TR). METHODS: The CAIT was translated and adapted into Turkish according to accepted cross-cultural adaptation guidelines of self-reported measures. A total of 130 individuals, including healthy participants (n = 40) and with chronic ankle instability (CAI) (n = 90), were recruited in this study. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the CAIT-TR were assessed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), respectively. To assess convergent validity, hypotheses were tested regarding expected correlations between CAIT-TR, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) subscales, and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Discriminative validity was evaluated with the hypothesis that the CAIT-TR can distinguish between subjects with and without CAI and also calculated a cut-off score for CAI. The dimensional structure of the CAIT-TR was investigated with confirmatory factor analysis. Additionally, minimal detectable change (MDC), floor/ceiling effects, and measurement error values were determined. RESULTS: The CAIT-TR demonstrated high Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.854) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.919). Regarding convergent validity, the CAIT-TR exhibited a moderate-strong correlation with both the FAOS and VAS. The confirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire. The identified cut-off value for the CAIT-TR was 25, and the MDC for individual-level CAIT-TR scores was determined to be 1.87. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. CONCLUSION: The CAIT-TR is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of ankle instability within the Turkish population.

The reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Facial Disability Index.

PURPOSE: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Turkish version of the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and evaluate its psychometric properties, including reliability and validity. METHODS: Translation of the original FDI was followed by international guidelines. Paralysis classification was evaluated with House-Brackman Rating System (HBGS). Patients completed Short Form-36 (SF-36) along with the Turkish version of the FDI and refilled the Turkish FDI one week later. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were analyzed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Construct validity was assessed by calculating the Spearman's correlation coefficient. Also, exploratory factor analysis was carried out by identifying the factor structure of the scale. RESULTS: After the pre-test of the Turkish FDI, there was no need for linguistic and cultural adaptation. The internal consistency of the physical function subscale was high (0.82). The social/well-being subscale's Cronbach alpha (0.63) was within the acceptable range. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC of physical function = 0.91 and social/well-being = 0.93, p < 0.05). The physical function subscale was correlated with the PF subscale of SF-36 and HBGS (r = -0.837 and 0.292, respectively; p < 0.05). Besides, the social/well-being function subscale was correlated with HBGS and all subscales of SF-36, except RP (p < 0.05). Factor analysis results of the Turkish FDI were similar to the other version studies. CONCLUSION: The Turkish version of the FDI is a valid and reliable questionnaire in patients with peripheral facial paralysis.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONThe Turkish version FDI is the first Turkish tool translated cross-culturally adapted for specific assessment of facial paralysis.The Turkish version of the FDI is a valid and reliable questionnaire and can be used in all native Turkish speaking patients in peripheral facial paralysis.This assessment tool can be used in clinical routine and research settings to evaluate facial paralysis.

Adaptation of the Turkish version of the obsession with COVID-19 scale (TR-OCS): its association with psychological distress and resilience.

The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the physical and mental health of individuals. Measures required to prevent the spread of the virus, such as isolation, hygiene, mask use, and lockdown, led individuals to develop obsessive thoughts and behaviors. This study aims to adapt the obsession with COVID-19 scale (OCS) to Turkish culture. This four-item scale aims at measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19. The study group consisted of 870 participants from seven regions of Turkey. Data from different groups were collected for exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Data for the exploratory factor analysis were collected from 296 (71.5%) females and 118 (28.5%) males (n = 414). For the confirmatory factor analysis, data were collected from 301 (66.0%) females and 155 (34.0%) males (n = 456). As a result of the analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the TR-OCS was confirmed in the Turkish sample. It was revealed that TR-OCS scores had a positive relationship with depression, anxiety, and stress but a negative relationship with resilience. The findings confirmed that the TR-OCS was valid and reliable. This scale is a short and effective tool for measuring obsessive thoughts related to COVID-19.

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the modified Gait Efficacy Scale in community-dwelling older adults.

BACKGROUND: There are no published studies on the cross-cultural adaptation of the modified Gait Efficacy Scale (mGES) to Turkish and investigated its reliability and validity. PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to cross-culturally adapt the mGES to Turkish (T-mGES) and to prove its psychometric properties in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: International translation strategies and cultural adaptation procedures were used. A total of 103 community-dwelling older adults (73 women, 30 men) have participated in psychometric property analysis. Participants were assessed using the T-mGES, Activity Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC) and the Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). T-mGES was recompleted one week later. RESULTS: The mean age of the individuals was 67.8 ± 4.8 years. The T-mGES had strong test-retest reliability (ICC: 0.835, CI 95%: 0.72-0.90). The T-mGES' overall score had strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α: 0.961). The SEM95 and MDC95 values for the total score were 6.62 and 18.34, respectively. T-mGES had a strong relationship with ABC and FES-I (r1: 0.899, r2: -0.707, p < .01), indicating a high (r > 0.50) construct validity. On the other hand, factor analysis results proved a one-dimensioned structure of the T-mGES. CONCLUSION: T-mGES is a reliable and valid questionnaire for assessing gait efficacy in Turkish speaking community-dwelling older adults. T-mGES provides a straightforward measure due to its unidimensional form.

The psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale.

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to translate and adapt the Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale (SRF-18) into Turkish and also demonstrate its reliability and validity in young adults. DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 181 participants completed SRF-18, Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS), and Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI). One week later 30 participants refilled SRF-18. FINDINGS: The internal consistency of SRF-18 was good (α = 0.710). The intraclass correlation coefficient value of the SRF-18 total score was 0.608. SRF-18 was strongly related to MFI and LOT-R (r1 = -0.632, r2 = 0.557, p < 0.001). Besides, there was a moderate relationship between SRF-18 and BSCS (r = 0.439, p < 0.001). In addition, SRF-18 had a three-factor structure. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The Turkish version of the SRF-18 was proven to be a valid and reliable tool.