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1.
Cell ; 187(13): 3390-3408.e19, 2024 Jun 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38754421

RESUMO

Clinical trials have identified ARID1A mutations as enriched among patients who respond favorably to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in several solid tumor types independent of microsatellite instability. We show that ARID1A loss in murine models is sufficient to induce anti-tumor immune phenotypes observed in ARID1A mutant human cancers, including increased CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytolytic activity. ARID1A-deficient cancers upregulated an interferon (IFN) gene expression signature, the ARID1A-IFN signature, associated with increased R-loops and cytosolic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). Overexpression of the R-loop resolving enzyme, RNASEH2B, or cytosolic DNase, TREX1, in ARID1A-deficient cells prevented cytosolic ssDNA accumulation and ARID1A-IFN gene upregulation. Further, the ARID1A-IFN signature and anti-tumor immunity were driven by STING-dependent type I IFN signaling, which was required for improved responsiveness of ARID1A mutant tumors to ICB treatment. These findings define a molecular mechanism underlying anti-tumor immunity in ARID1A mutant cancers.


Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA , Interferon Tipo I , Proteínas de Membrana , Neoplasias , Transdução de Sinais , Fatores de Transcrição , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Exodesoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mutação , Neoplasias/imunologia , Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Fosfoproteínas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Masculino , Quimiocinas/genética , Quimiocinas/metabolismo
2.
Cell ; 184(19): 4953-4968.e16, 2021 09 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34492226

RESUMO

Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by overproduction of immune mediators, but the role of interferons (IFNs) of the type I (IFN-I) or type III (IFN-III) families remains debated. We scrutinized the production of IFNs along the respiratory tract of COVID-19 patients and found that high levels of IFN-III, and to a lesser extent IFN-I, characterize the upper airways of patients with high viral burden but reduced disease risk or severity. Production of specific IFN-III, but not IFN-I, members denotes patients with a mild pathology and efficiently drives the transcription of genes that protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In contrast, compared to subjects with other infectious or noninfectious lung pathologies, IFNs are overrepresented in the lower airways of patients with severe COVID-19 that exhibit gene pathways associated with increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation. Our data demonstrate a dynamic production of IFNs in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients and show IFNs play opposing roles at distinct anatomical sites.


Assuntos
COVID-19/patologia , Interferons/metabolismo , Sistema Respiratório/virologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Etários , Envelhecimento/patologia , COVID-19/genética , COVID-19/imunologia , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Células Epiteliais/virologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Interferons/genética , Leucócitos/patologia , Leucócitos/virologia , Pulmão/patologia , Pulmão/virologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/patologia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/virologia , Carga Viral
3.
Cell ; 183(3): 752-770.e22, 2020 10 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33125891

RESUMO

A greater understanding of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) regulation is required for dissecting protective versus detrimental immunity to pathogens that cause chronic infections such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We have shown that systemic administration of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or ß-glucan reprograms HSCs in the bone marrow (BM) via a type II interferon (IFN-II) or interleukin-1 (IL1) response, respectively, which confers protective trained immunity against Mtb. Here, we demonstrate that, unlike BCG or ß-glucan, Mtb reprograms HSCs via an IFN-I response that suppresses myelopoiesis and impairs development of protective trained immunity to Mtb. Mechanistically, IFN-I signaling dysregulates iron metabolism, depolarizes mitochondrial membrane potential, and induces cell death specifically in myeloid progenitors. Additionally, activation of the IFN-I/iron axis in HSCs impairs trained immunity to Mtb infection. These results identify an unanticipated immune evasion strategy of Mtb in the BM that controls the magnitude and intrinsic anti-microbial capacity of innate immunity to infection.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/microbiologia , Imunidade , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/fisiologia , Mielopoese , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Homeostase , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Ferro/metabolismo , Cinética , Pulmão/microbiologia , Pulmão/patologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Necrose , Transdução de Sinais , Transcrição Gênica , Tuberculose/imunologia , Tuberculose/microbiologia , Tuberculose/patologia
4.
Immunity ; 52(4): 668-682.e7, 2020 04 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32294407

RESUMO

The primary mechanisms supporting immunoregulatory polarization of myeloid cells upon infiltration into tumors remain largely unexplored. Elucidation of these signals could enable better strategies to restore protective anti-tumor immunity. Here, we investigated the role of the intrinsic activation of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase (PERK) in the immunoinhibitory actions of tumor-associated myeloid-derived suppressor cells (tumor-MDSCs). PERK signaling increased in tumor-MDSCs, and its deletion transformed MDSCs into myeloid cells that activated CD8+ T cell-mediated immunity against cancer. Tumor-MDSCs lacking PERK exhibited disrupted NRF2-driven antioxidant capacity and impaired mitochondrial respiratory homeostasis. Moreover, reduced NRF2 signaling in PERK-deficient MDSCs elicited cytosolic mitochondrial DNA elevation and, consequently, STING-dependent expression of anti-tumor type I interferon. Reactivation of NRF2 signaling, conditional deletion of STING, or blockade of type I interferon receptor I restored the immunoinhibitory potential of PERK-ablated MDSCs. Our findings demonstrate the pivotal role of PERK in tumor-MDSC functionality and unveil strategies to reprogram immunosuppressive myelopoiesis in tumors to boost cancer immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/imunologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/imunologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Melanoma Experimental/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologia , eIF-2 Quinase/imunologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/genética , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/metabolismo , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Lewis/patologia , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/genética , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/metabolismo , Carcinoma Epitelial do Ovário/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Terapia de Imunossupressão , Interferon-alfa/genética , Interferon-alfa/imunologia , Interferon beta/genética , Interferon beta/imunologia , Masculino , Melanoma Experimental/genética , Melanoma Experimental/metabolismo , Melanoma Experimental/patologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Mitocôndrias/imunologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia , Células Supressoras Mieloides/patologia , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/imunologia , Receptores de Interferon/genética , Receptores de Interferon/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/genética , Neoplasias Cutâneas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Resposta a Proteínas não Dobradas/imunologia , eIF-2 Quinase/deficiência , eIF-2 Quinase/genética
5.
Immunity ; 52(1): 109-122.e6, 2020 01 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31882361

RESUMO

Recent work suggests that cholesterol metabolism impacts innate immune responses against infection. However, the key enzymes or the natural products and mechanisms involved are not well elucidated. Here, we have shown that upon DNA and RNA viral infection, macrophages reduced 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) expression. DHCR7 deficiency or treatment with the natural product 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) could specifically promote phosphorylation of IRF3 (not TBK1) and enhance type I interferon (IFN-I) production in macrophages. We further elucidated that viral infection or 7-DHC treatment enhanced AKT3 expression and activation. AKT3 directly bound and phosphorylated IRF3 at Ser385, together with TBK1-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 Ser386, to achieve IRF3 dimerization. Deletion of DHCR7 and the DHCR7 inhibitors including AY9944 and the chemotherapy drug tamoxifen promoted clearance of Zika virus and multiple viruses in vitro or in vivo. Taken together, we propose that the DHCR7 inhibitors and 7-DHC are potential therapeutics against emerging or highly pathogenic viruses.


Assuntos
Desidrocolesteróis/metabolismo , Fator Regulador 3 de Interferon/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I/biossíntese , Macrófagos/imunologia , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/metabolismo , Estomatite Vesicular/imunologia , Células A549 , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Colesterol/metabolismo , Ativação Enzimática/imunologia , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxirredutases atuantes sobre Doadores de Grupo CH-CH/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Fosforilação , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Interferência de RNA , RNA Interferente Pequeno/genética , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/imunologia
6.
Immunity ; 52(2): 357-373.e9, 2020 02 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32049051

RESUMO

Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages prevents excessive inflammation and supports immune tolerance. Here, we examined the effect of blocking apoptotic cell clearance on anti-tumor immune response. We generated an antibody that selectively inhibited efferocytosis by phagocytic receptor MerTK. Blockade of MerTK resulted in accumulation of apoptotic cells within tumors and triggered a type I interferon response. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with anti-MerTK antibody stimulated T cell activation and synergized with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 therapy. The anti-tumor effect induced by anti-MerTK treatment was lost in Stinggt/gt mice, but not in Cgas-/- mice. Abolishing cGAMP production in Cgas-/- tumor cells, depletion of extracellular ATP, or inactivation of the ATP-gated P2X7R channel also compromised the effects of MerTK blockade. Mechanistically, extracellular ATP acted via P2X7R to enhance the transport of extracellular cGAMP into macrophages and subsequent STING activation. Thus, MerTK blockade increases tumor immunogenicity and potentiates anti-tumor immunity, which has implications for cancer immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Macrófagos/imunologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Neoplasias/imunologia , Nucleotídeos Cíclicos/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/metabolismo , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/imunologia , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Apoptose , Antígeno B7-H1/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Feminino , Imunidade Inata , Imunoterapia , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Mutantes , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Nucleotidiltransferases/deficiência , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Fagocitose , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/imunologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/deficiência , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , c-Mer Tirosina Quinase/genética
7.
EMBO J ; 43(7): 1135-1163, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38418557

RESUMO

Dysregulated immune responses contribute to the excessive and uncontrolled inflammation observed in severe COVID-19. However, how immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is induced and regulated remains unclear. Here, we uncover the role of the complement system in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Complement rapidly opsonizes SARS-CoV-2 particles via the lectin pathway. Complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2 efficiently induces type-I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine responses via activation of dendritic cells, which are inhibited by antibodies against the complement receptors (CR) 3 and 4. Serum from COVID-19 patients, or monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, attenuate innate and adaptive immunity induced by complement-opsonized SARS-CoV-2. Blocking of CD32, the FcγRII antibody receptor of dendritic cells, restores complement-induced immunity. These results suggest that opsonization of SARS-CoV-2 by complement is involved in the induction of innate and adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 in the acute phase of infection. Subsequent antibody responses limit inflammation and restore immune homeostasis. These findings suggest that dysregulation of the complement system and FcγRII signaling may contribute to severe COVID-19.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos Antivirais , Proteínas do Sistema Complemento , Inflamação , Imunidade Inata
8.
Immunol Rev ; 321(1): 20-32, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37679959

RESUMO

Cancer cells undergoing immunogenic cell death (ICD) can initiate adaptive immune responses against dead cell-associated antigens, provided that (1) said antigens are not perfectly covered by central tolerance (antigenicity), (2) cell death occurs along with the emission of immunostimulatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that actively engage immune effector mechanisms (adjuvanticity), and (3) the microenvironment of dying cells is permissive for the initiation of adaptive immunity. Finally, ICD-driven immune responses can only operate and exert cytotoxic effector functions if the microenvironment of target cancer cells enables immune cell infiltration and activity. Multiple forms of radiation, including non-ionizing (ultraviolet) and ionizing radiation, elicit bona fide ICD as they increase both the antigenicity and adjuvanticity of dying cancer cells. Here, we review the molecular determinants of ICD as elicited by radiation as we critically discuss strategies to reinforce the immunogenicity of cancer cells succumbing to clinically available radiation strategies.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Neoplasias , Humanos , Morte Celular Imunogênica , Morte Celular , Imunidade Adaptativa , Microambiente Tumoral
9.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 121(29): e2403917121, 2024 Jul 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38980903

RESUMO

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a potentially lethal disease lacking effective treatments. Its immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) allows it to evade host immunosurveillance and limits response to immunotherapy. Here, using the mouse KRT19-deficient (sgKRT19-edited) PDA model, we find that intratumoral accumulation of natural killer T (NKT) cells is required to establish an immunologically active TME. Mechanistically, intratumoral NKT cells facilitate type I interferon (IFN) production to initiate an antitumor adaptive immune response, and orchestrate the intratumoral infiltration of T cells, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. At the molecular level, NKT cells promote the production of type I IFN through the interaction of their CD40L with CD40 on myeloid cells. To evaluate the therapeutic potential of these observations, we find that administration of folinic acid to mice bearing PDA increases NKT cells in the TME and improves their response to anti-PD-1 antibody treatment. In conclusion, NKT cells have an essential role in the immune response to mouse PDA and are potential targets for immunotherapy.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Células T Matadoras Naturais , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Microambiente Tumoral , Animais , Camundongos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Células T Matadoras Naturais/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/imunologia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/terapia , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/patologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Imunoterapia/métodos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Leucovorina/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Células Supressoras Mieloides/imunologia
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 120(13): e2211047120, 2023 03 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36943884

RESUMO

There is significant disease heterogeneity among mouse strains infected with the helminth Schistosoma mansoni. Here, we uncover a unique balance in two critical innate pathways governing the severity of disease. In the low-pathology setting, parasite egg-stimulated dendritic cells (DCs) induce robust interferon (IFN)ß production, which is dependent on the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)/stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cytosolic DNA sensing pathway and results in a Th2 response with suppression of proinflammatory cytokine production and Th17 cell activation. IFNß induces signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, which suppresses CD209a, a C-type lectin receptor associated with severe disease. In contrast, in the high-pathology setting, enhanced DC expression of the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (Gsdmd) results in reduced expression of cGAS/STING, impaired IFNß, and enhanced pyroptosis. Our findings demonstrate that cGAS/STING signaling represents a unique mechanism inducing protective type I IFN, which is counteracted by Gsdmd.


Assuntos
Gasderminas , Interferon Tipo I , Camundongos , Animais , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Nucleotidiltransferases/genética , Nucleotidiltransferases/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Imunidade Inata
11.
Clin Microbiol Rev ; 37(2): e0007323, 2024 Jun 13.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38421182

RESUMO

SUMMARYViral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic and physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity of disease, and vertical transmission. The placenta is the organ of the maternal-fetal interface and provides defense against microbial infection while supporting the semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and rubella virus, can breach these defenses, directly infecting the fetus and having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other viruses, including respiratory viruses like influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause placental damage and inflammation. Concentrations of progesterone and estrogens rise during pregnancy and contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, and placental development and play a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment at the maternal-fetal interface. Animal models, including mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, and guinea pigs, are instrumental for mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy and identification of targetable treatments to improve health outcomes of pregnant individuals and offspring.


Assuntos
Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Viroses , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Animais , Viroses/imunologia , Viroses/transmissão , Placenta/virologia , Placenta/imunologia , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , Modelos Animais de Doenças
12.
Immunol Rev ; 306(1): 224-233, 2022 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34811768

RESUMO

Humoral and cellular responses to viral infections coexist in a dynamic equilibrium that often results in efficient viral clearance. However, in some infections one of the two responses prevails, for instance when an overactivation of cytotoxic T cells is accompanied by weak and insufficient antibody responses. Although the cellular response is usually sufficient to control a primary viral infection, in some cases clearance is not complete and persistent infections ensue. In order to design effective therapeutic or vaccination strategies aiming at inducing early and potent neutralizing antibody responses, a deep knowledge of the cellular and molecular determinants of antiviral immune responses is needed. Here, we review our understanding on the spatiotemporal dynamics of antiviral humoral immune responses, with a particular focus on recent studies using intravital imaging approaches as an insightful complement to more traditional techniques.


Assuntos
Linfócitos B , Filmes Cinematográficos , Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Antivirais , Humanos , Imunidade Humoral
13.
EMBO J ; 40(15): e107176, 2021 08 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34124789

RESUMO

Dendritic cell (DC) activation by viral RNA sensors such as TLR3 and MDA-5 is critical for initiating antiviral immunity. Optimal DC activation is promoted by type I interferon (IFN) signaling which is believed to occur in either autocrine or paracrine fashion. Here, we show that neither autocrine nor paracrine type I IFN signaling can fully account for DC activation by poly(I:C) in vitro and in vivo. By controlling the density of type I IFN-producing cells in vivo, we establish that instead a quorum of type I IFN-producing cells is required for optimal DC activation and that this process proceeds at the level of an entire lymph node. This collective behavior, governed by type I IFN diffusion, is favored by the requirement for prolonged cytokine exposure to achieve DC activation. Furthermore, collective DC activation was found essential for the development of innate and adaptive immunity in lymph nodes. Our results establish how collective rather than cell-autonomous processes can govern the initiation of immune responses.


Assuntos
Células Dendríticas/fisiologia , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Linfonodos/citologia , Percepção de Quorum/fisiologia , Animais , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/fisiologia , Contagem de Células , Células Dendríticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Imunidade Inata/imunologia , Inflamação/patologia , Fator Regulador 7 de Interferon/genética , Fator Regulador 7 de Interferon/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/farmacologia , Linfonodos/imunologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Mutantes , Camundongos Transgênicos , Poli I-C/farmacologia
14.
J Virol ; 98(2): e0203523, 2024 Feb 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38299844

RESUMO

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is prevalent worldwide and causes significant economic losses. Gut microbiota is a large microbial community and has a variety of biological functions. However, whether there is a correlation between gut microbiota and BVDV infection and what kind of relation between them have not been reported. Here, we found that gut microbiota composition changed in normal mice after infecting with BVDV, but mainly the low abundance microbe was affected. Interestingly, BVDV infection significantly reduced the diversity of gut microbiota and changed its composition in gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. Furthermore, compared with normal mice of BVDV infection, there were more viral loads in the duodenum, jejunum, spleen, and liver of the gut microbiota-dysbiosis mice. However, feces microbiota transplantation (FMT) reversed these effects. The data above indicated that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota was a key factor in the high infection rate of BVDV. It is found that the IFN-I signal was involved by investigating the underlying mechanisms. The inhibition of the proliferation and increase in the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were also observed. However, FMT treatment reversed these changes by regulating PI3K/Akt, ERK, and Caspase-9/Caspase-3 pathways. Furthermore, the involvement of butyrate in the pathogenesis of BVDV was also further confirmed. Our results showed for the first time that gut microbiota acts as a key endogenous defense mechanism against BVDV infection; moreover, targeting regulation of gut microbiota structure and abundance may serve as a new strategy to prevent and control the disease.IMPORTANCEWhether the high infection rate of BVDV is related to gut microbiota has not been reported. In addition, most studies on BVDV focus on in vitro experiments, which limits the study of its prevention and control strategy and its pathogenic mechanism. In this study, we successfully confirmed the causal relationship between gut microbiota and BVDV infection as well as the potential molecular mechanism based on a mouse model of BVDV infection and a mouse model of gut microbiota dysbiosis. Meanwhile, a mouse model which is more susceptible to BVDV provided in this study lays an important foundation for further research on prevention and control strategy of BVDV and its pathogenesis. In addition, the antiviral effect of butyrate, the metabolites of butyrate-producing bacteria, has been further revealed. Overall, our findings provide a promising prevention and control strategy to treat this infectious disease which is distributed worldwide.


Assuntos
Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Animais , Bovinos , Camundongos , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/complicações , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/microbiologia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/terapia , Doença das Mucosas por Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/virologia , Butiratos/metabolismo , Caspase 3/metabolismo , Caspase 9/metabolismo , Diarreia , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/patogenicidade , Vírus da Diarreia Viral Bovina/fisiologia , Disbiose/complicações , Disbiose/microbiologia , Disbiose/virologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/imunologia , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular/metabolismo , Transplante de Microbiota Fecal , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças
15.
Immunity ; 45(5): 1093-1107, 2016 11 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27793594

RESUMO

Type I interferon (IFN) is critical for controlling pathogen infection; however, its regulatory mechanisms in plasmacytoid cells (pDCs) still remain unclear. Here, we have shown that nucleic acid sensors cGAS-, STING-, MDA5-, MAVS-, or transcription factor IRF3-deficient mice produced high amounts of type I IFN-α and IFN-ß (IFN-α/ß) in the serum and were resistant to lethal plasmodium yoelii YM infection. Robust IFN-α/ß production was abolished when gene encoding nucleic acid sensor TLR7, signaling adaptor MyD88, or transcription factor IRF7 was ablated or pDCs were depleted. Further, we identified SOCS1 as a key negative regulator to inhibit MyD88-dependent type I IFN signaling in pDCs. Finally, we have demonstrated that pDCs, cDCs, and macrophages were required for generating IFN-α/ß-induced subsequent protective immunity. Thus, our findings have identified a critical regulatory mechanism of type I IFN signaling in pDCs and stage-specific function of immune cells in generating potent immunity against lethal YM infection.


Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Interferon Tipo I/imunologia , Malária/imunologia , Transdução de Sinais/imunologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Técnicas de Silenciamento de Genes , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Plasmodium yoelii , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
16.
Cell Mol Life Sci ; 81(1): 199, 2024 Apr 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38683377

RESUMO

Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is involved in type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling through IFN receptor 1 (IFNAR1). This signaling pathway is crucial in the early antiviral response and remains incompletely understood on B cells. Therefore, to understand the role of TYK2 in B cells, we studied these cells under homeostatic conditions and following in vitro activation using Tyk2-deficient (Tyk2-/-) mice. Splenic B cell subpopulations were altered in Tyk2-/- compared to wild type (WT) mice. Marginal zone (MZ) cells were decreased and aged B cells (ABC) were increased, whereas follicular (FO) cells remained unchanged. Likewise, there was an imbalance in transitional B cells in juvenile Tyk2-/- mice. RNA sequencing analysis of adult MZ and FO cells isolated from Tyk2-/- and WT mice in homeostasis revealed altered expression of IFN-I and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) signaling pathway genes. Flow cytometry assays corroborated a lower expression of TLR7 in MZ B cells from Tyk2-/- mice. Splenic B cell cultures showed reduced proliferation and differentiation responses after activation with TLR7 ligands in Tyk2-/- compared to WT mice, with a similar response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or anti-CD40 + IL-4. IgM, IgG, IL-10 and IL-6 secretion was also decreased in Tyk2-/- B cell cultures. This reduced response of the TLR7 pathway in Tyk2-/- mice was partially restored by IFNα addition. In conclusion, there is a crosstalk between TYK2 and TLR7 mediated by an IFN-I feedback loop, which contributes to the establishment of MZ B cells and to B cell proliferation and differentiation.


Assuntos
Linfócitos B , Interferon Tipo I , Transdução de Sinais , Baço , TYK2 Quinase , Receptor 7 Toll-Like , Animais , Camundongos , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Diferenciação Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Cultivadas , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Baço/citologia , Baço/metabolismo , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/metabolismo , Receptor 7 Toll-Like/genética , TYK2 Quinase/metabolismo , TYK2 Quinase/genética
17.
Semin Cell Dev Biol ; 132: 185-192, 2022 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34776333

RESUMO

The covalent attachment of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like polypeptides to cellular and viral proteins regulates numerous processes that enable virus infection, viral genome replication, and the spread of viruses to new hosts. The importance of these protein modifications in the regulation of the life cycle of herpesviruses is underscored by the discovery that all known members of this virus family encode at least one protease that specifically recognizes and disassembles ubiquitin conjugates. The structural and functional characterization of the viral enzymes and the identification of their viral and cellular substrates is providing valuable insights into the biology of viral infection and increasing evidence suggests that the viral deconjugases may also play a role in malignant transformation.


Assuntos
Herpesviridae , Viroses , Humanos , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Replicação Viral , Proteínas Virais/metabolismo , Ubiquitina-Proteína Ligases/metabolismo
18.
J Clin Immunol ; 45(1): 31, 2024 Oct 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39441221

RESUMO

PURPOSE: A causal role of type-I interferons (IFN-I) in autoinflammatory type-I interferonopathies such as SAVI (STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy) and CANDLE (chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperatures) is suggested by elevated expression of IFN-I stimulated genes (ISGs). Hitherto, the lack of specific inhibitors of IFN-I signaling has prevented the verification of a causal role for IFN-I in these conditions. Commonly used inhibitors of the JAK/STAT pathway exert broad effects on multiple signaling pathways leading to more general immunosuppression beyond IFN-I signaling. METHODS: Here we show in four patients with SAVI and one patient with CANDLE syndrome that blockade of the IFNAR1 receptor (Anifrolumab) exerts an additive effect over JAK-inhibitor alone. In two patients with SAVI, monotherapy with Anifrolumab is sufficient to retain a suppressed IFN-I signature and clinical improvement. RESULTS: Anifrolumab normalizes IFN-I signature genes and relieves symptoms beyond what is typically achieved by a JAK-inhibitor (Baricitinib) alone in patients with type-I interferonopathies. In two patients Anifrolumab was used successfully as monotherapy. Addition of Anifrolumab enabled steroid tapering and cessation with reduced overall immunosuppression and lower risks of opportunistic infections and improved metabolic states and growth which is highly beneficial in these young patients. CONCLUSION: These results verify a causal role of IFN-I signaling in type-I Interferonopathies SAVI and CANDLE and suggests Anifrolumab as an important new treatment option in autoinflammatory diseases with elevated IFN-I induced gene expression. Genia Kretzschmar, Laura Piñero Páez, and Ziyang Tan are shared-first authors. Sara Alehashemi, AnnaCarin Horne, and Petter Brodin are co-senior author.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados , Interferon Tipo I , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta , Humanos , Receptor de Interferon alfa e beta/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Masculino , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Anticorpos Bloqueadores/uso terapêutico , Sulfonamidas/uso terapêutico , Resultado do Tratamento , Pirazóis/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Janus Quinases/uso terapêutico , Azetidinas , Purinas
19.
Eur J Immunol ; 53(9): e2350384, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37194705

RESUMO

Type I IFN (IFN-I) is the body's first line of defense against pathogen infection. IFN-I can induce cellular antiviral responses and therefore plays a key role in driving antiviral innate and adaptive immunity. Canonical IFN-I signaling activates the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway, which induces the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and eventually establishes a complex antiviral state in the cells. Ubiquitin is a ubiquitous cellular molecule for protein modifications, and the ubiquitination modifications of protein have been recognized as one of the key modifications that regulate protein levels and/or signaling activation. Despite great advances in understanding the ubiquitination regulation of many signaling pathways, the mechanisms by which protein ubiquitination regulates IFN-I-induced antiviral signaling have not been explored until very recently. This review details the current understanding of the regulatory network of ubiquitination that critically controls the IFN-I-induced antiviral signaling pathway from three main levels, including IFN-I receptors, IFN-I-induced cascade signals, and effector IFN-stimulated genes.


Assuntos
Antivirais , Interferon Tipo I , Imunidade Inata , Transdução de Sinais , Ubiquitinação
20.
Cancer Immunol Immunother ; 73(9): 181, 2024 Jul 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38967829

RESUMO

PD-1 blockade therapy has revolutionized melanoma treatment, but still not all patients benefit and pre-treatment identification of those patients is difficult. Increased expression of inflammatory markers such as interleukin (IL)-6 in blood of patients correlates with poor treatment response. We set out to study the effect of inflammatory cytokines on PD-1 blockade in vitro. For this, we studied the effect of IL-6 and type I interferon (IFN) in vitro on human T cells in a mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR) in the absence or presence of PD-1 blockade. While IL-6 reduced IFN-γ secretion by T cells in both the presence and absence of PD-1 blockade, IFN-α specifically reduced the IFN-γ secretion only in the presence of PD-1 blockade. IFN-α reduced T cell proliferation independent of PD-1 blockade and reduced the percentage of cells producing IFN-γ only in the presence of PD-1 blockade. Next we determined the type I IFN score in a cohort of 22 melanoma patients treated with nivolumab. In this cohort, we did not find a correlation between clinical response and type I IFN score, nor between clinical response and IFN-γ secretion in vitro in a MLR in the presence of PD-1 blockade. We conclude that IFN-α reduces the effectiveness of PD-1 blockade in vitro, but that in this cohort, type I IFN score in vivo, nor IFN-γ secretion in vitro in a MLR in the presence of PD-1 blockade correlated to decreased therapy responses in patients.


Assuntos
Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico , Interferon-alfa , Melanoma , Nivolumabe , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1 , Linfócitos T , Humanos , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Melanoma/imunologia , Receptor de Morte Celular Programada 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Interferon-alfa/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T/imunologia , Linfócitos T/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Masculino , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Checkpoint Imunológico/farmacologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nivolumabe/uso terapêutico , Nivolumabe/farmacologia , Idoso , Adulto , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos
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