Investigation on screening, identification, and fermentation characteristics of Yunnan olive in the fermented liquid utilizing five strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Refined indigenous Saccharomyces cerevisiae can enhance refinement, sophistication, and subtlety of fruit wines by showcasing exceptional regional characteristics. In order to identify exceptional indigenous S. cerevisiae strains from Yunnan olive, this study isolated 60 yeast strains from wild Yunnan olive fermentation mash. The five S. cerevisiae strains were subjected to morphological and molecular biological identification, followed by evaluation of their fermentation performance, ethanol production capacity, ester production capacity, H2S production capacity, killing capacity, and tolerance. Strains LJM-4, LJM-10, and LJM-26 exhibited robust tolerance to 6% ethanol volume fraction, pH 2.8, sucrose concentration of 400 g/L, SO2 concentration of 0.3 g/L, glucose concentration of 400 g/L at both 40 °C and 15 °C. Additionally, strain LJM-10 demonstrated a faster fermentation rate compared to the other strains. Among the tested S. cerevisiae strains evaluated in this study for olive wine fermentation process in Yunnan region; strain LJM-10 displayed superior abilities in terms of ester and ethanol production while exhibiting the lowest H2S production levels. These findings suggest that strain LJM-10 holds great potential as an excellent candidate for optimizing fruit wine S. cerevisiae fermentation processes in Yunnan olive fruit wine.

Carbon budget of diversified cropping systems in southwestern China: Revealing key crop categories and influencing factors under different classifications.

Cropping systems are considered the largest source of agricultural GHG emissions. Identifying key categories and factors affecting cropping systems is essential for reducing these emissions. Most studies have focused on the carbon budget of cropping systems from the perspective of a single crop or crop category. Comprehensive studies quantifying the carbon budget of diversified cropping systems, including farmland and garden crops, are still limited. This study aims to fill this gap by quantifying the carbon budget of diversified cropping systems, clarifying their carbon attributes, and identifying key crop categories and influencing factors within different classifications of the system. This study analyzed the carbon budget of a diversified cropping system consisting of 19 crops in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, using a crop-based net greenhouse gas balance methodology based on the "cradle-to-farm" life cycle idea. Crops were categorized into three levels of categories to assess the potential impact of categorization within the cropping system on its carbon balance. Results showed that Yunnan's diversified cropping system is a significant carbon sink, with net sequestration of 33.1 Mt CO2 eq, total emissions of 37.4 Mt CO2 eq, and total sequestration of 70.5 Mt CO2 eq. Cereals, vegetables, and hobby crops were the main contributors to carbon emissions, accounting for 41.61%, 21.87%, and 15.37%, respectively. Cereal crops also made the largest contribution to carbon sequestration at 53.18%. Bananas had the highest emissions per unit area (11.45 t CO2 eq ha-1), while walnuts had the highest sequestration (20.64 t CO2 eq ha-1). In addition, this study highlights effective strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, such as reducing nitrogen fertilizer use, minimizing reactive nitrogen losses, and controlling methane emissions from rice fields. By elucidating the impact of carbon dynamics and crop categories, this study provides insights for sustainable agricultural practices and policies.

Eutrophication-induced shifts cause diverse responses in the phoD community of a plateau freshwater lake.

Eutrophication is a critical environmental challenge affecting lakes globally. Mitigating trophic level under endogenous phosphorus release is an unsolved problem in eutrophic lakes. However, understanding the dynamics and assembly of microbial communities encoding the alkaline phosphatase (phoD community) and their responses during trophic transitions in eutrophic lakes is limited. In this study, we compared the composition and assembly mechanisms of phoD communities in four seasons in the Yilong Lake, a shallow lake of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The lake exhibits slightly eutrophic conditions in summer and mesotrophic conditions in spring, autumn, and winter. By analyzing seasonal variations, we observed that during summer, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas in the water had the highest value, while the Shannon-Wiener index of phoD communities was lowest. Mantel tests showed an increased Bray-Curtis dissimilarity of phoD communities in the water with rising eutrophication, a trend not observed in sediment. Notably, eutrophication heightened the homogeneity selection governing the assembly of phoD communities in water. The co-occurrence networks showed that the OTUs in the summer exhibited closer interconnections than those in other seasons. Additionally, the topological parameters from networks indicated that eutrophication is poised to instigate changes and modulate the dynamics of the microbial phoD community, resulting in markedly distinct seasonal behaviors. pH was identified as a critical factor directly influencing phoD community diversity via partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM). This study shed light on our understanding of the seasonal dynamics of phoD communities and their pivotal role in phosphorus cycling in eutrophic lakes.

High-spatial resolution ground-level ozone in Yunnan, China: A spatiotemporal estimation based on comparative analyses of machine learning models.

Monitoring ground-level ozone concentrations is a critical aspect of atmospheric environmental studies. Given the existing limitations of satellite data products, especially the lack of ground-level ozone characterization, and the discontinuity of ground observations, there is a pressing need for high-precision models to simulate ground-level ozone to assess surface ozone pollution. In this study, we have compared several widely utilized ensemble learning and deep learning methods for ground-level ozone simulation. Furthermore, we have thoroughly contrasted the temporal and spatial generalization performances of the ensemble learning and deep learning models. The 3-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Network (3-D CNN) model has emerged as the optimal choice for evaluating the daily maximum 8-h average ozone in Yunnan Province. The model has good performance: a spatial resolution of 0.05° × 0.05° and strong predictive power, as indicated by a Coefficient of Determination (R2) of 0.83 and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 12.54 µg/m³ in sample-based 5-fold cross-validation (CV). In the final stage of our study, we applied the 3-D CNN model to generate a comprehensive daily maximum 8-h average ozone dataset for Yunnan Province for the year 2021. This application has furnished us with a crucial high-resolution and highly accurate dataset for further in-depth studies on the issue of ozone pollution in Yunnan Province.

Genetic polymorphism analysis and forensic application evaluation of 57 insertion/deletion polymorphisms from Yi ethnic group in Yunnan.

BACKGROUND: As a new kind of diallelic genetic marker, insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms have recently been used in forensic science. However, there are relatively few studies on the forensic evaluation of InDel genetic polymorphisms from different populations. AIM: The aim of the present work is to assess the genetic polymorphism and forensic applicability of 57 InDels from the Yi ethnic group and explore the genetic background of this group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total sample of 122 unrelated individuals of Yi group from the Yunnan province were genotyped by the AGCU indel 60 Kit. Multiplex population genetic analyses on the same 57 InDels were carried out among the Yunnan Yi group and 29 reference populations. RESULTS: The average allele frequency of these loci in the Yi ethnic group was 0.485. Heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, and the power of discrimination were 0.477, 0.362, and 0.612, respectively. The combined power of discrimination and the combined power of exclusion reached to 0.99999999999999999669 and 0.999962965, respectively. The results showed that 57 InDels polymorphisms have high genetic polymorphisms in the Yi ethnic group. CONCLUSIONS: The 57 InDels could be used for forensic individual identification, paternity testing, and intercontinental population discrimination, with the potential for use in biogeographic ancestry inference.

Integrative metabolome and transcriptome profiling provide insights into elucidation of the synthetic mechanisms of phenolic compounds in Yunnan hulled wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King).

BACKGROUND: Yunnan hulled wheat grains (YHWs) have abundant phenolic compounds (PCs). However, a systematic elucidation of the phenolic characteristics and molecular basis in YHWs is currently lacking. The aim of the study, for the first time, was to conduct metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of YHWs at different developmental stages. RESULTS: A total of five phenolic metabolite classes (phenolic acids, flavonoids, quinones, lignans and coumarins, and tannins) and 361 PCs were identified, with flavonoids and phenolic acids being the most abundant components. The relative abundance of the identified PCs showed a dynamic decreasing pattern with grain development, and the most significant differences in accumulation were between the enlargement and mature stage, which is consistent with the gene regulation patterns of the corresponding phenolic biosynthesis pathway. Through co-expression and co-network analysis, PAL, HCT, CCR, F3H, CHS, CHI and bZIP were identified and predicted as candidate key enzymes and transcription factors. CONCLUSION: The results broaden our understanding of PC accumulation in wheat whole grains, especially the differential transfer between immature and mature grains. The identified PCs and potential regulatory factors provide important information for future in-depth research on the biosynthesis of PCs and the improvement of wheat nutritional quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cystoderma yongpingense sp. nov. (Squamanitaceae, Agaricales) a new species from southwestern China.

The present study introduces a novel fungus, Cystoderma yongpingense, which was identified in the southwestern region of China. The new species is characterized by a pileus that ranges in color from light orange-red to orange-red; the pileus has a wrinkled surface and is accompanied by a persistent annulus that is membranous and floccose-scaly. Above the annulus, the color transitions from white to yellowish brown. This proposal is substantiated through analyses encompassing both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic relationships. The phylogenetic position of the newly discovered species has been further corroborated through comprehensive maximum likelihood and Bayesian sequence analyses of the ITS + nrLSU DNA regions. Additionally, the technical description of C. yongpingense is enhanced by detailed illustrations and comparative studies with species that are closely related.

Molecular evidence for potential transovarial transmission of Jingmen tick virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis fed on cattle from Yunnan Province, China.

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel tick-borne virus first identified from Jingmen city, Hubei Province of China in 2010. It has been proved that JMTV can cause human diseases and is widely distributed both inside and outside of China. However, the survival mode and transmission characteristics of JMTV still need further research, particularly in terms of transovarial transmission. In this study, an investigation was conducted to explore the presence of JMTV from engorged female ticks to their offspring. All engorged female adult ticks were collected from domestic cattle and allowed to lay eggs in appropriate humidity and temperature conditions. Maternal ticks, eggs and larvae were screened for JMTV RNA through real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested PCR methods. The results revealed the positive rate of 10.53% (10/95) in engorged ticks, 9.09% (2/22) in eggs and 8% (4/50) in larvae pools, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that sequences from eggs and larvae had closer relationship with those isolates from maternal engorged ticks with more than 99.7% homology and JMTV manifested with evolutional conservatism. Our study has identified for the first time that JMTV could be transmitted from mother generation to offspring of Haemaphysalis Longicornis. Nonetheless, the efficiency of transovarial transmission in JMTV and the significance of ticks as amplification hosts still need to be further illustrated.

Characteristics of molecular markers associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax strains from vivax malaria cases in Yunnan Province, China.

BACKGROUND: Chloroquine (CQ) has been the preferred clinical treatment for vivax malaria in Yunnan Province since 1958, with over 300,000 patients. This study aimed to help make trend predictions regarding variations the in anti-malarial drug susceptibility of Plasmodium vivax distributed in Yunnan Province and effectively implement monitoring measures on the efficacy of anti-malarial drugs for vivax malaria. METHODS: Blood samples collected from patients with mono-P. vivax infections were employed in this study based on the principle of cluster sampling. The whole gene of P. vivax multidrug resistance 1 protein gene (pvmdr1) was amplified by nested-PCR techniques and the PCR amplification produce were sequenced by Sanger bidirectional sequencing. The mutant loci and haplotypes of coding DNA sequence (CDS) were identified by comparison with the reference sequence (NC_009915.1) of the P. vivax Sal I isolate. Parameters such as Ka/Ks ratio were calculated using MEGA 5.04 software. RESULTS: A total of 753 blood samples from patients infected with mono-P. vivax were collected, of which 624 blood samples yielded the full gene sequence (4392 bp) of the pvmdr1 gene, with 283, 140, 119, and 82 sequences from 2014, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. A total of 52 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNP) loci were detected for the 624 CDSs, of which 92.3% (48/52), 34.6% (18/52), 42.3% (22/52), and 36.5% (19/52) SNPs were detected in 2014, 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. All of 624 CDSs were defined for a total of 105 mutant haplotypes, with CDSs of 2014, 2020, 2021, and 2022 containing 88, 15, 21, and 13 haplotypes, respectively. Of the 105 haplotypes, the threefold mutant haplotype (Hap_87) was the starting point for stepwise evolution, and the most drastic tenfold mutations were Hap_14 and Hap_78, and the fivefold, sixfold, sevenfold, and eightfold mutations. CONCLUSIONS: In the majority of vivax malaria cases in Yunnan Province, most of them were infected with strains carrying demonstrating highly mutated in pvmdr1 genes. However, the dominant mutation strains types varied from year to year, which warrants further exploration in order to confirm the correlation between with phenotypic changes in P. vivax strains and their susceptibility to anti-malarial drugs such as chloroquine.

Molecular surveillance of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax isolates from malaria cases in Yunnan Province of China using pvcrt-o gene polymorphisms.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of chloroquine treatment for vivax malaria has been rarely evaluated due to a lack of an appropriate testing method. The objective of this study was to conduct molecular monitoring of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax strains from vivax malaria patients in Yunnan Province, focusing on the analysis of polymorphism in the P. vivax chloroquine resistance transporter protein orthologous gene (pvcrt-o). METHODS: In accordance with the principles of a cohort study, blood samples were collected from malaria cases diagnosed with a P. vivax mono-infection in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022. Segmental PCR was used to amplify the whole pvcrt-o gene in the blood samples and their products were subsequently sequenced. The sequencing data were arranged to obtain the full coding DNA sequence (CDS) as well as the gene's promoter region sequences. The CDSs were aligned with the reference sequence (XM_001613407.1) of the P. vivax SalI isolate to identify the mutant loci. RESULTS: From a total of 375 blood samples taken from vivax malaria cases, 272 both whole gene CDSs (1272-1275 bp) and promoter DNA sequences (707 bp) of pvcrt-o gene were obtained. Among the whole CDSs, there were 7 single nucleotide polymorphic sites in which c.7 A>G was the minor allele frequency (MAF) site with 4.4% (12/272) detection rate. The mutation detection rate showed a significant decrease from 9.8% (10/102) in 2020 to 1.1% (1/92) in 2021 and 1.3% (1/78) in 2022, indicating statistical significance (χ2 = 11.256, P < 0.05). Among the identified 12 haplotypes, the majority of which were wild type (75.7%; 206/272). These four mutant haplotypes (Hap_3, Hap_5, Hap_9, and Hap_10) were classified as "K10 insertion type" and accounted for 12.1% (33/272). The detection rate of Hap_3 increased from 1.0% (1/102) in 2020 to 13.0% (12/92) in 2021 and 14.1% (11/78) in 2022, indicating statistical significance. A total of 23.8% (65/272) of the samples exhibited 14 bp (bp) deletions in the promoter region, occurring most frequently in the wild type haplotype (Hap_1) samples at a rate of 28.6% (59/206). CONCLUSIONS: In recent years in Yunnan Province, a notable proportion of vivax malaria patients are infected by P. vivax strains with a "K10 insertion" and partial sequence deletions in the promoter region of the pvcrt-o gene, necessitating vigilance.

Yunnan Baiyao-loaded multifunctional microneedle patches for rapid hemostasis and cutaneous wound healing.

Microneedle patches have been extensively employed for wound healing, while the lack of rapid hemostasis efficiency and multiple tissue-repair properties restrict their values in hemorrhagic wound applications. Herein, we propose a Yunnan Baiyao-loaded multifunctional microneedle patch, namely (BY + EGF)@MN, with deep tissue penetration, hemostasis efficiency and regenerative properties for hemorrhagic wound healing. The (BY + EGF)@MNs are designed with a BY-loaded Bletilla striata polysaccharide (BSP) base for rapid hemostasis and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-loaded GelMA tips for subsequent wound healing. As the BSP base can be fastly dissolved and completely release BY in 6 min to promote platelet adhesion and activate coagulation system, while the EGF can achieve a controlled and sustained release behavior in 7 days with the gradual degradation of the GelMA tips, the (BY + EGF)@MNs exhibit strong pro-coagulability and satisfactory hemostatic effect in a rat hepatic hemorrhage wound model. Based on the multifunctional characteristics, we have verified that when applied in rat cutaneous wounds, the proposed MNs can accelerate the wound healing process by enhancing neovascularization, fibroblast density, and collagen deposition. Thus, we believe that such (BY + EGF)@MNs are promising candidates for rapid hemostasis and diverse wound healing applications.

Molecular identification of vivax malaria relapse patients in the Yunnan Province based on homology analysis of the Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein gene.

More than 85% of the malaria burden in the Yunnan Province is caused by imported vivax malaria, and Yunnan is also where the majority of vivax malaria patients are diagnosed in China. Timely removal of the infection sources of Plasmodium vivax and its breeding environment remains the key to eliminating the secondary transmission of imported malaria. To that end, blood samples were collected from cases diagnosed and revalidated as single species infection with P. vivax in the Yunnan Province from 2013 to 2020. Specifically, samples from vivax malaria patients with suspected relapses episodes were subjected to PCR amplification, product sequencing, and analysis of the P. vivax circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) gene. In total, 77 suspected relapse patients were identified out of 2484 cases infected with P. vivax, with a total of 81 recurrent episodes. A total of 156 CDS (coding DNA sequence) chains were obtained through PCR amplification and sequencing of the pvcsp gene from 159 blood samples, 121 of which can be matched to the paired sequences of 59 vivax malaria patients with both primary attack and recurrent experience. Of the 59 pairs of pvcsp gene sequences, every one of 31 pairs showed only one haplotype and no variant sites (VS), meaning every two paired sequence was completely homologous. Every one of the remaining 28 paired sequences had two haplotypes but no length polymorphism, indicating that the paired sequences was "weakly heterologous" with no fragment insertions (or deletions). All 59 vivax malaria patients with recurrences were caused by the activation of P. vivax hypnozoites originated from the same population as the primary infection. The paired analysis of the similarity between high variant genes allowed the identification of relapse episodes caused by P. vivax homologous hypnozoites and also demonstrated pvcsp gene as one of the candidate molecular markers for tracing infection origin.

Rubber latex yield is affected by interactions between antecedent temperature, rubber phenology, and powdery mildew disease.

Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) latex production is crucial to the local economy, yet Xishuangbanna's climate is considered sub-optimal for rubber cultivation. The prevalence of the powdery mildew disease (Oidium heveae) in this region has decreased the annual latex yield by 20%. Rubber latex yield is influenced by several factors, including temperature, disease, other biotic conditions, and plantation management. However, the interrelationships and potential influencing networks between rubber latex yield and these factors are rarely quantitatively assessed, and understanding their impacts on latex yield could inform better management practices. To address this gap, we investigated the effects of temperature, phenology, and powdery mildew disease on rubber latex yield in March using observational data on daily rubber latex yield combined with detailed phenology, powdery mildew, and temperature data from 2004 to 2010 in a state farm in the Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. We found that the critical influencing periods of daily temperature difference (or diurnal temperature difference) on the rubber latex yield were during Nov 27-Jan 19 and Jan 21-Mar 17. Partial least square regression analysis and variance partitioning analysis were conducted on the 35 phenological variables, eight powdery mildew-related variables, and two climatic variables. The most influential factors were identified as the factors of the daily temperature differences during Jan-Mar, the duration of leaf flushing phenology, and mean and maximum percentage of leaves infected by powdery mildew. Subsequent canonical correlation analysis and linear regression found that temperature difference directly affected the rubber latex yield and indirectly affected the yield through phenology and powdery mildew disease. Raised daily temperature differences from Jan to Mar had the greatest impact, leading to a higher rubber latex yield. Our comprehensive quantitative assessment revealed the relative importance of antecedent daily temperature differences, phenology, and powdery mildew disease as well as their complex interconnections in influencing rubber latex yield. Our findings are essential to future studies on both powdery mildew disease and rubber latex yield, and also develop rubber latex models.

Genetic evidence of tri-genealogy hypothesis on the origin of ethnic minorities in Yunnan.

BACKGROUND: Yunnan is located in Southwest China and consists of great cultural, linguistic, and genetic diversity. However, the genomic diversity of ethnic minorities in Yunnan is largely under-investigated. To gain insights into population history and local adaptation of Yunnan minorities, we analyzed 242 whole-exome sequencing data with high coverage (~ 100-150 ×) of Yunnan minorities representing Achang, Jingpo, Dai, and Deang, who were linguistically assumed to be derived from three ancient lineages (the tri-genealogy hypothesis), i.e., Di-Qiang, Bai-Yue, and Bai-Pu. RESULTS: Yunnan minorities show considerable genetic differences. Di-Qiang populations likely migrated from the Tibetan area about 6700 years ago. Genetic divergence between Bai-Yue and Di-Qiang was estimated to be 7000 years, and that between Bai-Yue and Bai-Pu was estimated to be 5500 years. Bai-Pu is relatively isolated, but gene flow from surrounding Di-Qiang and Bai-Yue populations was also found. Furthermore, we identified genetic variants that are differentiated within Yunnan minorities possibly due to the living circumstances and habits. Notably, we found that adaptive variants related to malaria and glucose metabolism suggest the adaptation to thalassemia and G6PD deficiency resulting from malaria resistance in the Dai population. CONCLUSIONS: We provided genetic evidence of the tri-genealogy hypothesis as well as new insights into the genetic history and local adaptation of the Yunnan minorities.

Genetic polymorphisms and phylogenetic characteristics of Tibeto-Burman-speaking Lahu population from southwest China based on 41 Y-STR loci.

BACKGROUND: Male sex-linked Y-chromosome short tandem repeats (Y-STRs) have been widely used in forensic cases and population genetics research. At present, the forensic-related Y-STR data in the Chinese Lahu population are still poorly understood. AIM: To enrich the available Y-STR data of this Chinese minority population and investigate its phylogenetic relationships with other reported populations. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The genetic polymorphisms of 41 Y-STR loci were analysed in 299 unrelated healthy Lahu male individuals from Southwest China. Phylogenetic analyses were performed by multidimensional scaling analysis and neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree construction. RESULTS: A total of 379 alleles were observed at the 41 Y-STR loci. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.0033 to 0.9666. The genetic diversity values ranged from 0.0653 to 0.9072. A total of 254 different haplotypes of the 41 Y-STR loci were observed in 299 individuals. The values of haplotype diversity, haplotype match probability, and discrimination capacity were 0.9987, 0.0047, and 0.8495, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Lahu population showed a close genetic relationship with the Yunnan Yi population. CONCLUSIONS: The haplotype data of the present study can enrich the forensic databases of this Chinese minority population and will be useful for population genetics and forensic DNA application.

Present-Day Tectonic Stress Evolution in Southern Yunnan Based on Focal Mechanisms.

Tectonic extrusion bypassing the eastern Himalayan syntaxis results in a significant increase in regional stress instability and the associated frequent occurrence of earthquakes in southern Yunnan, China. However, the stress field, and the relationship between the focal mechanism of earthquakes and stress evolution in southern Yunnan, remain enigmatic. In this paper, using a modified grid point test method, we calculated the focal mechanism of ML ≥ 2.5 earthquakes in southern Yunnan (22-25° N, 100-104° E) from January 2009 to June 2023. Utilizing the solutions of historical earthquake focal mechanisms, we obtained the present-day regional tectonic stress field in southern Yunnan via inversion. The results indicate complex and diverse seismic focal mechanisms, and the main types of earthquakes are strike-slip events, followed by normal fault and reverse fault events. The orientations of the maximum and minimum principal stress axes rotate in a clockwise direction from northeast to southwest. The internal stress orientation distribution of the rhombic Sichuan-Yunnan block in the study area is consistent, and the block boundary zone is the site where stress deflection occurs, and the regional tectonic stress field is influenced by the interaction among different blocks. The distribution of R-value in the Lamping-Simao block gradually increases from north to south, indicating that the compressive stress required for material transport becomes relatively small. Combined with the geological and tectonic background of the study area, our results suggest that the speed of block movement gradually decreases from north to south; the distribution of R-value in the South China block is significantly smaller than that of the interior of the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus, and the proportion of compressive stresses is larger, indicating a stronger extrusion in this region, which may be related to the fact that the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombus is strongly resisted by the South China block in the east.

Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Amino Acid Biosynthesis Mechanisms during the Physiological Maturity of Grains in Yunnan Hulled Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. yunnanense King).

Yunnan hulled wheat (YHW) possesses excellent nutritional characteristics; however, the precise amino acid (AA) composition, contents, and molecular mechanisms underlying AA biosynthesis in YHW grains remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to perform metabolomic and transcriptomic profiling to identify the composition and genetic factors regulating AA biosynthesis during the physiological maturation of grains of two YHW genotypes, Yunmai and Dikemail, with high and low grain protein contents, respectively. A total of 40 and 14 differentially accumulated amino acids (AAs) or AA derivatives were identified between the waxy grain (WG) and mature grain (MG) phenological stages of Yunmai and Dikemail, respectively. The AA composition differed between WG and MG, and the abundance of AAs-especially that of essential AAs-was significantly higher in WG than in MG (only 38.74-58.26% of WG). Transcriptome analysis revealed differential regulation of structural genes associated with the relatively higher accumulation of AAs in WG. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis and correlation analyses of WG and MG indicated differences in the expression of clusters of genes encoding both upstream elements of AA biosynthesis and enzymes that are directly involved in AA synthesis. The expression of these genes directly impacted the synthesis of various AAs. Together, these results contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of AA biosynthesis during the different developmental stages of grains and provide a foundation for further research to improve the nutritional value of wheat products.

Species diversity and related ecology of chiggers on small mammals in a unique geographical area of Yunnan Province, southwest China.

Chiggers are common ectoparasites and the exclusive vector of scrub typhus. Based on previous investigations from a unique geographical area in Yunnan Province of southwest China, the Three Parallel Rivers Area, we retrospectively studied the species diversity and related ecology of chiggers on rodents and other small mammals. A very high species diversity of 120 chigger species was identified. Five dominant chigger species accounted for 59.4% (5238/8965) of total chiggers, and among them Leptotrombidium scutellare is the second major vector of scrub typhus in China. Species diversity of the chigger community fluctuates greatly in different altitudinal and latitudinal gradients. There are significant differences in species composition, species diversity and dominant species of chiggers among hosts with apparent community heterogeneity. Based on the species abundance distribution, the expected total number of chigger species was estimated to be 170, 50 more than the number of actually collected species; this further indicates a very high chigger species diversity in this area. The bipartite ecological network analysis revealed the intricate relationships between chigger and host species-positive and negative correlations existed among some species of dominant and vector chiggers.

Impact of workplace violence against psychological health among nurse staff from Yunnan-Myanmar Chinese border region: propensity score matching analysis.

BACKGROUND: Owing to different social background factor in Yunnan-Myanmar Chinese border region, stressful working environment may lead to extra psychological burden among nurse staff in China. However, the prevalence of workplace violence and its effect on psychological characteristics among nurse staff are still unclear. This study aims to explore the effect of workplace violence against psychological health among nurse staff from Yunnan-Myanmar Chinese border region. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 18 local governmental hospitals in Dehong districts. Participants were 1,774 nurses. Psychosocial characteristics were screened by sleep quality, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms, the generalized anxiety disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms, the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale - 10 item for resilience, the multidimensional scale of perceived social support for social support, the Chinese version of Work place Violence Scale for workplace violence. Propensity score matching and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data. RESULTS: The nurse staff with workplace violence have a higher risk of bad sleep quality (b = -0.883, 95%CI = [-1.171, -0.595]), anxiety symptoms (b = 2.531, 95%CI = [2.031, 3.031]) and depressive symptoms (b = 3.227, 95%CI = [2.635, 3.819]), loneliness (b = 0.683, 95%CI = [0.503, 0.863]), perceived cognitive deficits (b = 1.629, 95%CI = [1.131, 2.127]), poor resilience (b = -2.012, 95%CI = [-2.963, -1.061]), and poor social support (b = -5.659, 95%CI = [-7.307, -4.011]). CONCLUSIONS: Preventing workplace violence can improve mental health outcomes significantly among nurse staff, including loneliness, perceived cognitive deficits, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, sleep quality, resilience and social support.

Qualitative-quantitative identification and functional zoning analysis of production-living-ecological space: a case study of Urban Agglomeration in Central Yunnan, China.

Territorial space exhibits multiple functional attributes, which comprise production, living, and ecological functions usually. Optimizing the production-living-ecological space (PLES) has become the key to territorial and spatial planning; the scientific identification of the PLES lays a foundation for space optimization and has important guiding significance in territorial spatial zoning. To achieve the integration of macro-scale and micro-scale PLES, with the Urban Agglomeration in Central Yunnan as the research area in this study, the PLES functional identification systems from the administrative unit scale and the grid scale are constructed. The types of PLES are determined by integrating qualitative and quantitative evaluation results and using an improved primacy index model from a composite spatial perspective. On that basis, the division of comprehensive zoning is achieved for land use functions through kernel density analysis. As indicated by the results, the model is capable of reflecting the macro background of the PLES functions in administrative regions while characterizing the micro differences at the grid level in administrative units. There are significant differences in the production, living, and ecological functional spaces in the Urban Agglomeration. Production functions are concentrated in the central and northeastern, living functions are concentrated in the central, and ecological functions are concentrated in the western and northeastern, with significantly consistent or complementary spatial distributions of each other. The PLES of Urban Agglomeration includes production space (PS), ecological space (ES), production-living space (P-LS), production-ecological space (P-ES), living-ecological space (L-ES), and production-living-ecological space (P-L-ES), placing a focus on ES, P-ES, and P-L-ES, which marks significant differences in spatial distribution among different spatial types. The study area is divided into 24 functional zones, which are classified into 6 categories, and optimization paths are proposed. This study will provide a reference for territorial and spatial planning in spatial functional zoning, spatial pattern optimization, and land management applications.