New Insights into ZIF-90 Synthesis.

Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are traditionally synthesized using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF). However, DMF is toxic and hazardous to human health and the environment, hence other alternative solvents need to be considered. Herein, three different solvents like methanol, water and acetone were used to replace DMF and to explore the syntheses of ZIF-90 using a conventional and a microwave-assisted solvothermal method to obtain hydrothermally stable products, which also exhibit an increased water uptake. Pure ZIF-90 was synthesized under ambient pressure at 60 °C for 90 min using the conventional solvothermal method in an acetone-water solution, while under microwave irradiation it was formed in only 5 min at 80 °C. Altering methanol, water and acetone in the reaction mixture significantly affected the structural and water adsorption properties of ZIF-90s, which were monitored via PXRD, TGA, nitrogen and water sorption, and SEM. The highly efficient, less toxic, low-cost and activation-free microwave synthesis resulted in the formation of ZIF-90 nanoparticles that exhibited the highest maximum water adsorption capacity (0.37 g/g) and the best hydrothermal stability between water adsorption at 30 °C and desorption at 100 °C at 12.5 mbar among all the products obtained.

A wide-range ratiometric sensor mediating fluorescence and scattering based on carbon dots/metal-organic framework composites for the detection of bisulfite/sulfite in sugar.

Bisulfite (HSO3-) and sulfite (SO32-) are commonly employed in food preservatives and are also significant environmental pollutants. Thus, developing an effective method for detecting HSO3-/SO32- is crucial for food safety and environment monitoring. In this work, based on carbon dots (CDs) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90), a composite probe (named CDs@ZIF-90) is constructed. The fluorescence signal and the second-order scattering signal of CDs@ZIF-90 are employed to ratiometricly detect HSO3-/SO32-. This proposed strategy exhibits a broad linear range for HSO3-/SO32- determination (10 µM to 8.5 mM) with a limit of detection of 2.74 µM. This strategy is successfully applied for evaluating HSO3-/SO32- in sugar with satisfactory recoveries. Therefore, this work has uniquely combined the fluorescence and second-order scattering signals to establish a novel sensing system with a wide linear range, which is applicable for ratiometric sensing of HSO3-/SO32- in actual samples.

Intraocular delivery of ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580 nanoparticles prevents the progression of photoreceptor degeneration.

Photoreceptor degeneration is one of the major causes of progressive blindness which lacks of curative treatment. GW2580, a highly selective inhibitor of colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, has the protective potential on neurons; however, little was known about the application of GW2580 on photoreceptor degeneration. In this study, BV-2 and 661W cells coculture system was constructed to investigate the interaction between microglia and photoreceptors. GW2580 was loaded into zeolitic imidazolate framework-90-rhodamine B (ZIF-90-RhB) to synthesize a novel kind of nanoparticles, namely, ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580, through a one-step self-assembly approach. A photoreceptor degeneration model was generated by intense light exposure in zebrafish and ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580 nanoparticles were delivered by the intraocular injection. The results showed that in vitro GW2580 treatment promoted phenotypic transformation in microglia and led to the blockade of photoreceptor apoptosis. Following the intraocular delivery of ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580 nanoparticles, the microglial proliferation and inflammatory response were significantly inhibited; moreover, the photoreceptors underwent alleviated injury with a recovery of retinal structure and visual function. In conclusion, the intraocular injection of ZIF-90-RhB-GW2580 at the early stage enables the precise delivery and sustained release of the GW2580, thus preventing the progression of photoreceptor degeneration.

Ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor based on the signal amplification strategy of the competitive reaction of Zn2+ and ATP ions to construct a "signal on" mode GOx-HRP enzyme cascade reaction.

A GOx/HRP@ZIF-90 nanomaterial is proposed by coating GOx and HRP in ZIF-90 using a bio-simulated mineralization method to improve the tolerance of the enzyme to the external environment. In the detection process, the ZIF-90 is turned on under mild conditions by the competitive reaction of ATP with Zn2+ and imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde (2-ICA), and the electrical signal of the system is amplified by the enzyme cascade reaction of GOx and HRP. Finally, based on the signal amplification strategy of the competitive reaction between Zn2+ and ATP to construct a "signal on" mode, electrochemical immunosensor of GOx-HRP enzyme-linked cascade reaction was prepared. The proposed electrochemical immunosensor shows an excellent analytical performance when detecting CA-125, with good selectivity and stability, with a detection range of 0.1 pg mL-1-40 ng mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.05 pg mL-1. The test has been performed using chronoamperometry under a constant voltage of -0.4 V. The immunosensor also shows an excellent performance when analysing human blood samples. The recovery of the immunosensor is 97.94-101.8%, with a relative standard deviation of 3.7-6.1%. The proposed sensor provides a novel idea for clinical use of GOx and HRP enzymes and a new method for the clinical detection of tumor markers.

ATP-responsive near-infrared fluorescence MOF nanoprobe for the controlled release of anticancer drug.

A near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence nanoprobe named RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 has been synthesized by wrapping the guest molecule (RhI and DOX) into ZIF-90 framework. The nanoprobe itself is non-fluorescent and the drug (DOX) is inactive. Upon the addition of ATP, the structure of RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 is degraded. The fluorescence of RhI is recovered and DOX is released. The nanoprobe can detect ATP with high sensitivity and selectivity. There is good linear relationship between the nanoprobe and ATP concentration from 0.25 to 10 mM and the detection limit is 0.10 mM. The nanoprobe has the ability to monitor the change of ATP level in living cells and DOX is released inducing apoptosis of cancer cells. RhI-DOX@ZIF-90 is capable of targeting mitochondria, which provides a basis for improving the efficiency of drug delivery by mitochondrial administration. In particular, the nanoprobe is preferentially accumulated in the tumor sites and detect ATP in tumor mice by fluorescence imaging using near-infrared fluorescence. At the same time, DOX can be released accurately in tumor sites and have good anti-tumor efficiency. So, this nanoprobe is a reliable tool to realize early diagnosis of cancer and improve effect of anticancer drug.

Green Solvents as an Alternative to DMF in ZIF-90 Synthesis.

The use of green solvents as an alternative to dimethylformamide (DMF) in the synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) was investigated. Two biobased aprotic dipolar solvents CyreneTM and γ-valerolactone (GVL) proved to successfully replace DMF in the synthesis at room temperature with a high product yield. While the CyreneTM-based product shows reduced porosity after activation, the use of GVL resulted in materials with preserved crystallinity and porosity after activation, without prior solvent exchange and a short treatment at 200 °C. The primary particles of 30 nm to 60 nm in all products further form agglomerates of different size and interparticle mesoporosity, depending on the type and molar ratios of solvents used.

Metal organic framework ZIF-90 modified with lactobionic acid for use in improved open tubular capillary electrochromatographic enantioseparation of five basic drugs.

An in situ zeolite imidazole metal organic framework-90 (ZIF-90) modified capillary was prepared via the method of solvothermal synthesis. The coating of ZIF-90 was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, and EOF. Capillary electrochromatography-based enantioseparation of the basic drugs propranolol (PRO), metoprolol (MET), atenolol (ATE), bisoprolol (BIS), and sotalol (SOT) was performed using lactobionic acid (LA) as the chiral selector. Compared with an uncoated silica capillary, the resolutions are greatly improved (PRO 1.40 → 3.23; MET 1.07 → 3.19; ATE 1.07 → 3.15; BIS 1.16 → 3.41; SOT 1.00 → 2.79). Effects of buffer pH values, proportion of organic additives, concentration of lactobionic acid, and applied voltage were investigated. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the preparation of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) modified capillary (ZIF-90@capillary) for enantioseparation of drug enantiomers. The capillary was applied to construct capillary electrochromatography system with lactobionic acid for enantioseparation of basic chiral drugs.

The Confinement Effect of Angstrom-Sized Pores in Asymmetrical Membrane Constructed by Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks: Partially Dehydrated Ion Transport Performance.

The confinement effect in asymmetrical biological ion channels makes the state of molecules and ions differs from that in the external environment, and the mass transfer confined in the biological ion channels is in a single strand form. Herein, an asymmetrical membrane with angstrom-sized pores is constructed by growth of ZIF-90 membrane on the porous anodic aluminum oxide film. Due to the confinement effect of angstrom-sized pores of ZIF-90, ions transport through the pores of ZIF-90 suffer from multiple dehydration-hydration-dehydration process in the form of a single ionic chain. Molecular dynamics simulations imply that ions inside the pores of ZIF-90 are partially dehydrated. In alkaline condition, high rectification ratios of 237, 295, and 357 can be achieved in 10 × 10-3 m KCl, NaCl, and LiCl electrolyte, respectively. Besides, the strong electrostatic interaction between ions and the confined ZIF-90 pores makes the ions transport through the asymmetrical membrane suffer from an energy barrier, and the energy barrier is different with different ion species. This work helps to understand the ions transfer mechanism through angstrom-sized pores, which can provide guidance for the design of asymmetrical membrane and boost their applications.

Insight into Ion Transfer through the Sub-Nanometer Channels in Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks.

A crack-free sub-nanometer composite structure for the study of ion transfer was constructed by in situ growth of ZIF-90 [Zn(ICA)2 , ICA=Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde] on the tip of a glass nanopipette. The potential-driven ion transfer through the sub-nanometer channels in ZIF-90 is strongly influenced by the pH of the solution. A rectification ratio over 500 is observed in 1 m KCl solution under alkaline conditions (pH 11.58), which is the highest value reported under such a high salt concentration. Fluorescence experiments show the super-high rectification ratio under alkaline conditions results from the strong electrostatic interaction between ions and the sub-nanometer channels of ZIF-90. In addition to providing a general pathway for further study of mass-transfer process through sub-nanometer channels, the approach enable all kinds of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to be used as ionic permselectivity materials in nanopore-based analysis.

Cytotoxicity of Postmodified Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-90 (ZIF-90) Nanocrystals: Correlation between Functionality and Toxicity.

Using a simple method, the aldehyde groups of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) nanocrystals were converted into carboxyl, amino, and thiol groups, without affecting the integrity of the framework. Notably, for the first time, correlations between functionality and cytotoxicity are also demonstrated via in vitro cytotoxicity assays. The positive charged aminated-ZIF-90 presumably results in either perturbation of cell membrane, more efficient cell uptake, or both. Therefore, the half-maximal effective (EC50 ) concentration of aminated-ZIF-90 has a higher cytotoxicity of about 30 µg mL(-1) .

Long-Term Stable Cycling of Dendrite-Free Lithium Metal Batteries Using ZIF-90@PP Composite Separator.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs) are anticipated to meet the demand for high energy density, but the growth of lithium dendrites seriously hinders its practical application. Herein, we constructed a kind of composite separator (ZIF-90@PP) consisting of zeolite imidazole framework-90 (ZIF-90) and polypropylene (PP) to promote the uniform deposition of Li+ and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. The aldehyde groups interacting with TFSI- and the nitrogen-containing negative groups attracting Li+ of ZIF-90 can facilitate the dissociation of LiTFSI to release more Li+, thus alleviating the influence of space charge near the electrode surface and accelerating the transfer of Li+. Not only does the excellent electrolyte wettability of ZIF-90 enhance the electrolyte retention capacity of the separator, but the orderly nano-channels in ZIF-90 also restrict the free migration of anions and homogenize the distribution of Li+. Consequently, the functional separator achieves a long-term stable Li plating/stripping cycling for over 780 h at 2 mA cm-2. Moreover, an impressive average coulombic efficiency of 98.67% at 0.5 C after 300 cycles is realized by Li || LFP full cells based on ZIF-90@PP with a capacity retention rate of 71.22%. The high-rate and long cycling performance of the modified Li || LFP cells further demonstrates the advantages of the ZIF-90@PP composite separator.

Functional groups effect on the toxicity of modified ZIF-90 to Photobacterium phosphoreum.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) is of wide interest in biomedical applications due to its extraordinary properties such as high storage capacity, functionality and favorable biocompatibility. However, more comprehensive safety assessments are still essential before ZIF is broadly used in biomedicine. Using the characteristic that aldehyde groups on the surface of ZIF-90 can be modified with other functional groups, a series of ZIF-90s modified with different functional groups (oxime group, carboxyl group, amino group and sulfhydryl group) were synthesized to investigate the effect of functionalization on the toxicity of ZIF-90. ZIF-90 series showed concentration-dependent toxic effects on Photobacterium phosphoreum T3 and the functionalized ZIF-90s are more toxic than pristine ZIF-90, with the ZIF-90 modified with amino group (ZIF-90-NH2) showing the strongest toxicity (IC50 = 23.06 mg/L). Based on the results of the cellular assay and stability exploration, we concluded that corresponding imidazole-ligand release and the property of positively charged are responsible for the elevated toxicity of ZIF-90-NH2. Cell membrane damage, oxidative damage and luminescence damage are the main contributors to the toxic effects of ZIF-90 series. This study explored the effect of surface functionalization on the toxicity of ZIF and proposed mechanistic clues for the safety application of ZIF.

Construction of intelligent response gene vector based on MOF/Fe3O4/AuNRs for tumor-targeted gene delivery.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have the potential to efficiently carry cargo due to their excellent porosity and high surface area. Nevertheless, conventional MOFs and their derivatives exhibit low efficiency in transporting nucleic acids and other small molecules, as well as having poor colloidal stability. In this study, a ZIF-90 loaded with iron oxide nanoparticles and Au nanorods was prepared, and then surface-functionalized with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to create a multifunctional nanocomposite (AFZP25k) with pH, photothermal, and magnetic responsiveness. AFZP25k can condense plasmid DNA to form AFZP25k/DNA complexes, with a maximum binding efficiency of 92.85 %. DNA release assay showed significant light and pH responsiveness, with over 80 % cumulative release after 6 h of incubation. When an external magnetic field is applied, the cellular uptake efficiency in HeLa cells reached 81.51 %, with low cytotoxicity and specific distribution. In vitro transfection experiments demonstrated a gene transfection efficiency of 44.77 % in HeLa cells. Following near-infrared irradiation, the uptake efficiency and transfection efficiency of AFZP25k in HeLa cells increased by 21.3 % and 13.59 % respectively. The findings indicate the potential of AFZP25k as an efficient and targeted gene delivery vector in cancer gene therapy.

Manganese Dioxide Nanoplatform with a Hollow Rhombic Dodecahedron Morphology for Drug Delivery.

Manganese dioxide (MnO2) is considered as a promising drug carrier material suitable for the tumor microenvironment while lacking conducive structures for drug loading. Herein, we construct a MnO2 nanoplatform with a hollow rhombic dodecahedral morphology for drug delivery. In this work, we obtained zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoparticles (ZIF-90 NPs) via a coordination reaction. Furthermore, the drug-loading nanoparticles (ZIF-90/DOX NPs) were obtained by Schiff's base reaction and then selected as a sacrificial template to obtain the hollow nanoplatforms (ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs). Moreover, the photothermal effect and multiresponsive drug release behaviors were revealed by loading the photothermal agent IR-820 and the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Our study demonstrates that the ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs loaded with photosensitizers exhibited excellent photothermal conversion performance. Benefiting from the hollow structure and redox activity, remarkable drug loading and release performances of ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs were achieved. It is shown that ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs achieved a satisfactory drug-loading efficiency (up to ca. 69.7%) for DOX. More promisingly, the ZIF-90@MnO2 NPs exhibited significant glutathione (GSH)/pH-responsive drug release and degradation performances. Overall, this work highlights the potential of controlled drug release of nanocarriers and offers unique insights into the design of nanocarriers with hollow structures.

DNA-induced assembly of biocatalytic nanocompartments for sensitive and selective aptasensing of aflatoxin B1.

Enzyme cascade with high specificity and catalytic efficiency has significant applications for developing efficient bioanalysis methods. In this work, a sensitive and selective aptasensor was constructed based on the DNA-induced assembly of biocatalytic nanocompartments. Different from the conventional co-immobilization in one pot, the cascade enzymes of glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were separately encapsulated in ZIF-90 nanoparticles. After conjugating complementary DNA or aptermer on enzyme@ZIF-90, DNA hybridization drove enzyme@ZIF-90 connected into clusters or linked on other DNA modified biocatalytic nanocompartment (such as invertase loaded Fe3O4@SiO2). Owing to the shortened distance between enzymes, the catalytic efficiency of connected clusters was significantly enhanced. However, the specifically interaction between the substrate molecule and aptermer sequence would lead to the disassembly of DNA duplexes, resulting in the gradual "switching-off" of cascade reactions. With aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) as the model substrate, the compartmentalized three-enzyme nanoreactors showed good analytical performance in the linear range from 0.01 ng mL-1 to 50 ng mL-1 with a low detection limit (3.3 pg mL-1). In addition, the proposed aptasensor was applied to detect AFB1 in corn oil and wheat powder samples with total recoveries ranging from 94 % to 109 %. As a result, this DNA-induced strategy for enzyme cascade nanoreactors opens new avenues for stimuli-responsive applications in biosensing.

Synthesis and Characterization of ZIF-90 Nanoparticles as Potential Brain Cancer Therapy.

Human glioblastoma is probably the most malignant and aggressive among cerebral tumors, of which it represents approximately 80% of the reported cases, with an overall survival rate that is quite low. Current therapies include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, with associated consistent side effects and low efficacy. The hardness in reaching the site of action, and overcoming the blood-brain barrier, is a major limitation of pharmacological treatments. In this paper, we report the synthesis and characterization of ZIF-90 (ZIF, Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework) nanoparticles as putative carriers of anticancer drugs to the brain. In particular, we successfully evaluated the biocompatibility of these nanoparticles, their stability in body fluids, and their ability to uptake in U251 human glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, we managed to synthesize ZIF-90 particles loaded with berberine, an alkaloid reported as a possible effective adjuvant in the treatment of glioblastoma. These findings could suggest ZIF-90 as a possible new strategy for brain cancer therapy and to study the physiological processes present in the central nervous system.

Dual-Targeted Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Drug Delivery System Reversing Cisplatin Resistance to Treat Resistant Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: Ovarian cancer cells are prone to acquire tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents, which seriously affects clinical outcomes. The development of novel strategies to enhance the targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to overcome drug resistance and minimize side effects is significant for improving the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. Methods: We employed folic acid (FA)-modified ZIF-90 nanomaterials (FA-ZIF-90) to deliver the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin (DDP), via dual targeting to improve its targeting to circumvent cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells, especially by targeting mitochondria. FA-ZIF-90/DDP could rapidly release DDP in response to dual stimulation of acidity and ATP in tumor cells. Results: FA-ZIF-90/DDP showed good blood compatibility. It was efficiently taken up by human ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells A2780/DDP and aggregated in the mitochondrial region. FA-ZIF-90/DDP significantly inhibited the mitochondrial activity and metastatic ability of A2780/DDP cells. In addition, it effectively induced apoptosis in A2780/DDP cells and overcame cisplatin resistance. In vivo experiments showed that FA-ZIF-90/DDP increased the accumulation of DDP in tumor tissues and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusion: FA-modified ZIF-90 nanocarriers can improve the tumor targeting and anti-tumor effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, reduce toxic side effects, and are expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy to reverse drug resistance in ovarian cancer.

Mitochondrial-Targeted Copper Delivery for Cuproptosis-Based Synergistic Cancer Therapy.

Cuproptosis is dependent on mitochondrial respiration modulation by targeting lipoylated tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle proteins, showing great potential in cancer treatment. However, the specific release of copper ions at mitochondrial is highly needed and still a major challenge to trigger cellular cuproptosis. Herein, a metal-organic framework-based nanoplatform (ZCProP) is designed for mitochondrial-targeted and ATP/pH-responsive Cu2+ and prodigiosin release. The released Cu2+ promotes aggregation of lipoylated protein and loss of Fe-S cluster protein, resulting in cell cuproptosis. In the meanwhile, Cu2+ can concert with prodigiosin to induce mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage and enhance cell cuproptosis. Furthermore, this nanoplatform has an ability to deplete glutathione, which not only further promotes cuproptosis but also triggers cell ferroptosis by the suppression of glutathione peroxidase 4, an anti-ferroptosis protein. Collectively, the designed ZCProP nanoplatform can responsively release cargos at mitochondrial and realize a conspicuous therapeutic efficacy through a cuproptosis-mediated concerted effect. Along with its excellent biocompatibility, this nanoplatform may provide a novel therapeutic modality paradigm to boost cancer therapeutic strategies based on cuproptosis.

pH-Responsive Graphene Oxide-Based 2D/3D Composite for Enhancing Anti-Corrosion Properties of Epoxy Coating.

The functionalized graphene oxide (GO)-based composites as fillers added into organic coatings are desired for realizing the longstanding corrosion protection of carbon steel. Here, the pH-responsive two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) GO-based composite (ZIF-90-AAP/GO) was developed by environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor 4-aminoantipyrine (AAP) anchored on the in situ growth of zeolite imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) on the GO surface (ZIF-90/GO) through the Schiff base reaction. The active filler (ZIF-90-AAP/GO) was incorporated into an epoxy coating (EP) to obtain a high-performance self-healing coating on the surface of carbon steel. ZIF-90-AAP can greatly improve dispersion and compatibility of GO in EP. The low-frequency impedance modulus of ZIF-90-AAP/GO-EP can still reach up to 1.35 × 1010 Ω⋅cm2 after 40 days, which is about three orders of magnitude higher than that of the EP containing GO (GO-EP) relying on its passive and active corrosion protection. Meanwhile, ZIF-90-AAP/GO-EP exhibits excellent self-healing performance. The self-healing rate of ZIF-90-AAP/GO changes from negative to positive after 24 h, which results from the effective corrosion inhibition activity of ZIF-90-AAP for carbon steel based on the pH-triggered controlled release of AAP. The developed pH-responsive 2D/3D GO-based composite coating is very attractive for the corrosion protection of carbon steel.

Construction of Mn-decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 nanostructure as superior oxidase-like mimic for colorimetric detection of glucose and choline.

A Mn decorated zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) nanozyme (Mn/ZIF-90) was constructed through an effective and rapid post-synthetic strategy for the first time. The Mn in Mn/ZIF-90 exists in mixed valence states, which is doped to the ZIF-90 through the formation of Mn-O bond. The Zn-N coordination structure of ZIF-90 may change the electronic arrangement of oxygen atoms in the free carbonyl groups (-CHO), allowing the coordination of Mn with O. The prepared Mn/ZIF-90 possesses outstanding oxidase-like activity and remarkable stability. Besides, the catalytic activity of Mn/ZIF-90 can be inhibited in the presence of H2O2. Therefore, using the Mn/ZIF-90-triggered chromogenic reaction of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) as an amplifier, a versatile enzyme cascade-based colorimetric method for the detection of glucose and choline with good sensitivity and selectivity was developed. The linear ranges for glucose and choline are 6.25-500 µM and 5-1000 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the developed method was applied in the detection of glucose and choline in rabbit plasma samples, and the recoveries are 89.5-107.3 % and 96.0-109.3 %, respectively. In short, the simple and efficient post-synthetic doping method may provide a new thought for the rational designs of enzyme mimics with improved catalytic performance. Moreover, the colorimetric method based on the excellent catalytic activity of Mn/ZIF-90 may be extended to detect other H2O2-generating or consuming molecules and evaluate the activity of bio-enzymes that can catalyze the generation of glucose or choline.