Current Trends in Anti-Aging Strategies.

The process of aging manifests from a highly interconnected network of biological cascades resulting in the degradation and breakdown of every living organism over time. This natural development increases risk for numerous diseases and can be debilitating. Academic and industrial investigators have long sought to impede, or potentially reverse, aging in the hopes of alleviating clinical burden, restoring functionality, and promoting longevity. Despite widespread investigation, identifying impactful therapeutics has been hindered by narrow experimental validation and the lack of rigorous study design. In this review, we explore the current understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging and how this understanding both informs and limits interpreting data from experimental models based on these mechanisms. We also discuss select therapeutic strategies that have yielded promising data in these model systems with potential clinical translation. Lastly, we propose a unifying approach needed to rigorously vet current and future therapeutics and guide evaluation toward efficacious therapies.

Molecular mechanisms of aging and anti-aging strategies.

Aging is a complex and multifaceted process involving a variety of interrelated molecular mechanisms and cellular systems. Phenotypically, the biological aging process is accompanied by a gradual loss of cellular function and the systemic deterioration of multiple tissues, resulting in susceptibility to aging-related diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that aging is closely associated with telomere attrition, DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels, impaired macro-autophagy, stem cell exhaustion, inflammation, loss of protein balance, deregulated nutrient sensing, altered intercellular communication, and dysbiosis. These age-related changes may be alleviated by intervention strategies, such as calorie restriction, improved sleep quality, enhanced physical activity, and targeted longevity genes. In this review, we summarise the key historical progress in the exploration of important causes of aging and anti-aging strategies in recent decades, which provides a basis for further understanding of the reversibility of aging phenotypes, the application prospect of synthetic biotechnology in anti-aging therapy is also prospected.

Long-term intake of sulforaphene alleviates D-galactose-induced skin senescence by activating AMPK-Sirt 1 pathway.

D-Galactose (D-gal) accumulation triggers the generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting in skin aging. Sulforaphene (SFE), an isothiocyanate compound derived from radish seeds, possesses diverse biological activities, including protective effects against inflammation and oxidative damage. This investigation delves into the antioxidant impact of SFE on age-related skin injury. In vivo experiments demonstrate that SFE treatment significantly improves the macro- and micro-morphology of dorsal skin. It effectively diminishes the elevation of oxidative stress biomarkers in mice skin tissue treated with D-gal, concurrently enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, SFE mitigates collagen mRNA degradation, lowers pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and downregulates MAPK-related protein expression in the skin. Moreover, SFE supplementation reduces lipid metabolite levels and elevates amino acid metabolites, such as L-cysteine and L-histidine. These findings suggest that SFE holds promise as a natural remedy to mitigate aging induced by oxidative stress.

Piperine improves the health span of Drosophila melanogaster with age- and sex-specific effect.

Piperine, a dietary phytochemical isolated from the Piper species, has been used as a natural medicine for pain, flu, and fever in ancient China and India. Although the health benefits of piperine have been widely studied, research on its effect on aging is limited. This study aimed to determine whether piperine has the potential to mitigate aging-related changes in the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster), which is an excellent model organism for studies on aging. The experiments were conducted using the newly eclosed or 30-day-old D. melanogaster wild-type strain Cantonized-white. Piperine was dissolved in 99% ethanol and added to the sucrose-yeast medium at a final concentration of 10, 35, 70, or 100 µM. The study examined the effects of piperine supplementation on the lifespan of D. melanogaster and other physiological functions, such as fecundity, feeding, lipid content, and resistance to environmental stress. Log-rank tests, Shapiro-Wilk test, F-test, t-test, or Wilcoxon rank sum test were used to analyze the data. Piperine failed to change the lifespan and body weight, but increased the fecundity and decreased the feeding rate in one-week-old flies. However, when piperine was fed to 30-day-old flies, it increased the lifespan of male flies and the fecundity and feeding rate of female flies. These results indicate that piperine can improve the health of aged flies. The findings suggest that piperine has age-dependent and sex-specific anti-aging effects in fruit flies.

Network pharmacology-based approach to investigate the molecular targets and molecular mechanisms of Rosmarinus officinalis L. for treating aging-related disorders.

Aging, a natural biological process, presents challenges in maintaining physiological well-being and is associated with increased vulnerability to diseases. Addressing aging mechanisms is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies against age-related ailments. Rosmarinus officinalis L. is a medicinal herb widely used in traditional medicine, containing diverse bioactive compounds that have been studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are associated with potential health benefits. Using network pharmacology, this study investigates the anti-aging function and underlying mechanisms of R. officinalis. Through network pharmacology analysis, the top 10 hub genes were identified, including TNF, CTNNB1, JUN, MTOR, SIRT1, and others associated with the anti-aging effects. This analysis revealed a comprehensive network of interactions, providing a holistic perspective on the multi-target mechanism underlying Rosemary's anti-aging properties. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed the relevant biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components involved in treating aging-related conditions. KEGG pathway analysis shows that anti-aging targets of R. officinalis involved endocrine resistance, pathways in cancer, and relaxin signaling pathways, among others, indicating multifaceted mechanisms. Genes like MAPK1, MMP9, and JUN emerged as significant players. These findings enhance our understanding of R. officinalis's potential in mitigating aging-related disorders through multi-target effects on various biological processes and pathways. Such approaches may reduce the risk of failure in single-target and symptom-based drug discovery and therapy.

RNA-sequencing exploration on SIR2 and SOD genes in Polyalthia longifolia leaf methanolic extracts (PLME) mediated anti-aging effects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells.

Polyalthia longifolia is well-known for its abundance of polyphenol content and traditional medicinal uses. Previous research has demonstrated that the methanolic extract of P. longifolia leaves (PLME, 1 mg/mL) possesses anti-aging properties in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. Building on these findings, this study delves deeper into the potential antiaging mechanism of PLME, by analyzing the transcriptional responses of BY611 cells treated with PLME using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The RNA-seq analysis results identified 1691 significantly (padj < 0.05) differentially expressed genes, with 947 upregulated and 744 downregulated genes. Notably, the expression of three important aging-related genes, SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2, showed a significant difference following PLME treatment. The subsequent integration of these targeted genes with GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed the multifaceted nature of PLME's anti-aging effects in BY611 yeast cells. Enriched GO and KEGG analysis showed that PLME treatment promotes the upregulation of SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2 genes, leading to a boosted cellular antioxidant defense system, reduced oxidative stress, regulated cell metabolism, and maintain genome stability. These collectively increased longevities in PLME-treated BY611 yeast cells and indicate the potential anti-aging action of PLME through the modulation of SIR2 and SOD genes. The present study provided novel insights into the roles of SIR2, SOD1, and SOD2 genes in the anti-aging effects of PLME treatment, offering promising interventions for promoting healthy aging.

Geroscience: just another name or is there more to it?

The widespread use of the name 'geroscience' in the science of aging is sometimes met with a wary attitude by biogerontologists other than its inventors. Here, we provide an overview of its origin and evolution to assess what exactly it is and to discuss its theoretical and biological relationship to earlier movements of anti-aging medicine and biogerontology more generally. Geroscience posits that targeting aging may offer a cost-effective approach to improve late-life health in humans, and because aging is malleable in model organisms and what regulates this is sufficiently understood, the time is ripe for moving forward to translational and clinical research. The geroscience agenda has rebranded imagery of past traditions, yet the claim that therapies for human aging are ready or within the imminent future is contestable and on brand with tradition, even if biogerontology has made great progress in the past decades.

Tissue-resident C1q + macrophages exert anti-aging potential through the Sirt1 pathway.

OBJECTIVE: Resident immune cells are at the forefront of sensory organ-specific signals, and changes in these cells are closely related to the aging process. The Sirt pathway can regulate NAD + metabolism during aging, thereby affecting the accumulation of ROS. However, the role of the Sirt pathway in resident immune cells in aged tissues is currently unclear. METHODS: We investigated Sirt1 signalling in resident immune cells during chronic inflammation in an aged mouse model. Integrated single-cell RNA sequencing data from young and aged mice were used to refine the characterization of immune cells in aged tissues RESULTS: We found that C1q + macrophages could affect chronic inflammation during aging. C1q + macrophages acted in an opposing manner to Il1b + macrophages and were responsible for anti-inflammatory effects during aging. Sirt1 agonists inhibited the decrease in C1qb in macrophages during aging, and anti-aging drugs could affect the expression of C1qb in macrophages via the Sirt1 pathway. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we first identified the relevance of C1q + macrophages in chronic inflammation during aging. The potential anti-aging effect of C1q + macrophages was mediated by the Sirt1 pathway, suggesting new strategies for aging immunotherapy.

Optimization of biotransformation processes of Camarosporium laburnicola to improve production yields of potent telomerase activators.

BACKGROUND: Telomerase activators are promising agents for the healthy aging process and the treatment/prevention of short telomere-related and age-related diseases. The discovery of new telomerase activators and later optimizing their activities through chemical and biological transformations are crucial for the pharmaceutical sector. In our previous studies, several potent telomerase activators were discovered via fungal biotransformation, which in turn necessitated optimization of their production. It is practical to improve the production processes by implementing the design of experiment (DoE) strategy, leading to increased yield and productivity. In this study, we focused on optimizing biotransformation conditions utilizing Camarosporium laburnicola, a recently discovered filamentous fungus, to afford the target telomerase activators (E-CG-01, E-AG-01, and E-AG-02). RESULTS: DoE approaches were used to optimize the microbial biotransformation processes of C. laburnicola. Nine parameters were screened by Plackett-Burman Design, and three significant parameters (biotransformation time, temperature, shaking speed) were optimized using Central Composite Design. After conducting validation experiments, we were able to further enhance the production yield of target metabolites through scale-up studies in shake flasks (55.3-fold for E-AG-01, 13-fold for E-AG-02, and 1.96-fold for E-CG-01). CONCLUSION: Following a process optimization study using C. laburnicola, a significant increase was achieved in the production yields. Thus, the present study demonstrates a promising methodology to increase the production yield of potent telomerase activators. Furthermore, C. laburnicola is identified as a potential biocatalyst for further industrial utilization.

Nicotinamide Mononucleotide and Nicotinamide Riboside Reverse Ovarian Aging in Rats Via Rebalancing Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion Mechanisms.

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR) on folliculogenesis and mitochondrial dynamics (fission and fusion mechanisms) in ovaries of middle-aged female rats. METHODS: Experimental groups were young, middle-aged (control), middle-aged + NMN and middle-aged + NR. NMN was administered at a concentration of 500 mg/kg intraperitoneally but NR at a concentration of 200 mg/kg by gavage. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were analyzed by ELISA. Hematoxylin-eosin staining sections were used for histopathological examination and follicles-counting. Expression levels of mitochondrial fission (Drp1, Mff and Fis1) and fusion (Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, Fam73a and Fam73b) genes as well as Sirt1 gene were analyzed by RT-PCR. Expression levels of fission-related proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1 and SIRT1) were analyzed by Western Blot. RESULTS: Higher ovarian index, more corpus luteum and antral follicles were detected in NMN and NR groups compared to the control. NMN or NR could rebalance LH/FSH ratio. The control group was determined to possess higher expression levels of fission genes and lower expression levels of fusion genes when compared the young group. In comparison with the control group, both NMN and NR group were found to exhibit less mitochondrial fission but more mitochondrial fussion. Higher gene and protein levels for Sirt1 were measured in NMN and NR groups compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that NMN alone or NR alone can rebalance mitochondrial dynamics by decreasing excessive fission in middle-aged rat ovaries, thus alleviating mitochondrial stress and correcting aging-induced folliculogenesis abnormalities.

Enhancing CO2 Transport Across the PEG/PPG-Based Crosslinked Rubbery Polymer Membranes with a Sterically Bulky Carbazole-Based ROMP Comonomer.

A series of poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol) (PEG/PPG)- and 5,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (2CZPImide)-based crosslinked rubbery polymer membranes, denoted as PEG/PPG-2CZPImide (x:y), are prepared from the norbornene-functionalized PEG/PPG oligomer (NB-PEG/PPG-NB) and 2-(bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-en-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione (2CZPImide-NB) via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). The molar ratio (x:y) of the NB-PEG/PPG-NB (x) to 2CZPImide-NB (y) monomers is varied from 10:1 to 6:1. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and pure gas permeability studies reveal that the comonomer 2CZPImide-NB successfully increases the d-spacing among the crystalline PEG/PPG segments, hence enhancing the diffusivity of gases through the membranes. The synthesized membranes exhibit good CO2 separation performance, with CO2 permeabilities ranging from 311.1 to 418.1 Barrer and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities of 39.4-52.0 and 13.4-16.0, respectively, approaching the 2008 Robeson upper bound. Moreover, PEG/PPG-2CZPImide (6:1), displaying optimal CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities, shows long-term stability against physical aging and plasticization resistance up to 20 days and 10 atm, respectively.

Evolution of Longevity in Tetrapods: Safety Is More Important than Metabolism Level.

Various environmental morphological and behavioral factors can determine the longevity of representatives of various taxa. Long-lived species develop systems aimed at increasing organism stability, defense, and, ultimately, lifespan. Long-lived species to a different extent manifest the factors favoring longevity (gerontological success), such as body size, slow metabolism, activity of body's repair and antioxidant defense systems, resistance to toxic substances and tumorigenesis, and presence of neotenic features. In continuation of our studies of mammals, we investigated the characteristics that distinguish long-lived ectotherms (crocodiles and turtles) and compared them with those of other ectotherms (squamates and amphibians) and endotherms (birds and mammals). We also discussed mathematical indicators used to assess the predisposition to longevity in different species, including standard indicators (mortality rate, maximum lifespan, coefficient of variation of lifespan) and their derivatives. Evolutionary patterns of aging are further explained by the protective phenotypes and life history strategies. We assessed the relationship between the lifespan and various studied factors, such as body size and temperature, encephalization, protection of occupied ecological niches, presence of protective structures (for example, shells and osteoderms), and environmental temperature, and the influence of these factors on the variation of the lifespan as a statistical parameter. Our studies did not confirm the hypothesis on the metabolism level and temperature as the most decisive factors of longevity. It was found that animals protected by shells (e.g., turtles with their exceptional longevity) live longer than species that have poison or lack such protective adaptations. The improvement of defense against external threats in long-lived ectotherms is consistent with the characteristics of long-lived endotherms (for example, naked mole-rats that live in underground tunnels, or bats and birds, whose ability to fly is one of the best defense mechanisms).

Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi-component anti-aging topical eye cream.

BACKGROUND: The delicate periorbital region is susceptible to skin dehydration, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Thus, targeted and effective anti-aging interventions are necessary for the periorbital area. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new anti-aging eye cream formulated with the active complex (Yeast/rice fermentation filtrate, N-acetylneuraminic acid, palmityl tripeptide-1, and palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7). METHODS: The cell viability and expressions of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the active complex were evaluated using a human skin fibroblast model. In the 12-week clinical trial, skin hydration, elasticity, facial photographs, and collagen density following eye cream application were assessed using Corneometer, Cutometer, VISIA, and ultrasound device, respectively. Dermatologists and participants evaluated clinical efficacy and safety at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. RESULTS: PCR and immunofluorescent analyses revealed that the active complex significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation (p < 0.05) and markedly promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Clinical findings exhibited a substantial enhancement in skin hydration (28.12%), elasticity (18.81%), and collagen production (54.99%) following 12 weeks of eye cream application. Dermatological evaluations and participants' assessments reported a significant improvement in skin moisture, roughness, elasticity, as well as fine lines and wrinkles by week 8. CONCLUSION: The new anti-aging eye cream, enriched with the active complex, demonstrates comprehensive rejuvenating effects, effectively addressing aging concerns in the periorbital area, coupled with a high safety profile.

Subjective evaluation of monopolar radiofrequency treatment by patients in aesthetic rejuvenation.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the subjective experiences of patients following monopolar radiofrequency (RF) treatment for facial rejuvenation and anti-aging purposes. METHODS: A study involving 50 female patients (aged 30-70 years, Fitzpatrick skin type III and IV) who received a single session of RF treatment. Exclusion criteria comprised active infections, skin diseases, pregnancy, or history of recent anti-aging treatments. Thirty-four patients completed a 10-question questionnaire after 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 82% expressed satisfaction with the RF treatment, reporting significant improvements primarily in the mid and lower face, and eyelids. Mainly, patients noted improvements in skin laxity (52.9%), skin texture (17.6%), and skin tone (11.7%). Notably, 73.5% noticed changes within 1-2 months post-treatment, with the peak effect observed at 1-2 months. Mild complications (swelling and erythema) were reported, usually resolving within a week. The mean pain score was 1.94 (±0.66), indicating mild to moderate discomfort. DISCUSSION: Monopolar RF devices, apply high-frequency electric currents generating heat, stimulating collagen production for skin tightening. This study's unique focus on detailed subjective patient experiences provides insights valuable in clinical settings, aiding clinicians in managing patient expectations and achieving optimal results. The satisfaction rates align with previous findings, emphasizing RF treatment's efficacy in addressing facial laxity, especially in the mid and lower face. Positive feedback extended beyond skin tightening, encompassing skin texture and tone improvements. While the study's observation period was 3 months post-treatment, longer-term studies are warranted for comprehensive assessments. CONCLUSION: The study underscores the efficacy of monopolar RF device, as a non-invasive and effective anti-aging treatment. The findings contribute to diversifying the RF market, potentially aiding clinicians in optimizing patient care. Considering the growing complexity of patient demands and treatment responses, this study serves as a valuable reference for clinicians engaging in RF treatments.

Evaluation of the anti-aging effects of Zinc-α2-glycoprotein peptide in clinical and in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging, characterized by the deterioration of skin density and elasticity, is a common concern among individuals seeking to maintain a youthful appearance. Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is secreted by various body fluids, and is associated with lipolysis and identified as an atopic dermatitis biomarker. This study evaluated the potential of ZAG peptides, which exert multiple benefits such as anti-aging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a 4-week clinical trial on patients with noticeable periorbital wrinkles (n = 22) using a ZAG peptide-containing product. The effects of the products on skin density, elasticity, and the depth of periorbital wrinkles were evaluated using Cutometer Dual MPA580, Ultrascan, and Antera 3D CS, respectively. The effect of ZAG peptides on UVB-treated keratinocyte cells was evaluated in vitro to understand the mechanisms underlying its effects against impaired skin barrier function, collagen degradation, and senescence. In addition, the effects of ZAG peptides on cell viability and expression of aging and skin barrier-related genes were assessed using cell counting kit assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: The patients demonstrated improved skin density, elasticity, and reduced periorbital wrinkles. Further, more than 85% patients scored the product as satisfactory regarding anti-aging effects. Furthermore, ZAG peptides reduced SA-ß-gal staining, downregulated the senescence-related genes, and upregulated the skin barrier function-related genes in UVB-irradiated keratinocyte cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our clinical and in vitro findings showed that ZAG peptides exert anti-aging effects and improve skin barrier functions, suggesting their promising potential as therapeutic agents to combat skin aging and improve skin health.

Establishment and application of perceived age prediction model for the periocular aging research of Chinese Han women.

BACKGROUND: The assessment of skin aging through skin measurements faces limitations, making perceived age evaluation a more valuable and direct tool for assessing skin aging. Given that the aging process markedly affects the appearance of the eye contour, characterizing the eye region could be beneficial for perceived age assessment. This study aimed to analyze age-correlated changes in the eye contour within the Chinese Han female population and to develop, validate, and apply a multiple linear regression model for predicting perceived age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A naïve panel of 107 Chinese women assessed the perceived ages of 212 Chinese Han women. Instrumental analysis evaluated periorbital parameters, including palpebral fissure width (PFW), palpebral fissure height (PFH), acclivity of palpebral fissure (AX), angle of inner canthal (AEN), and angle of outer canthal (AEX). These parameters were used to construct a multiple linear regression model for predicting the perceived ages of Chinese Han women. A combined treatment using Fotona 4D and an anti-aging eye cream, formulated with plant extracts, peptides, and antioxidants, was conducted to verify the cream's anti-aging efficacy and safety. This eye cream was then tested in a large-scale clinical trial involving 101 participants. The prediction model was employed in this trial to assess the perceived ages of the women after an 8-week application of the eye cream. RESULTS: All parameters were observed to decrease with age. An intergroup comparison indicated that eyelid aging in Chinese Han women accelerates beyond the age of 50. Consequently, a linear regression model was constructed and validated, with the perceived age being calculated as 183.159 - 1.078 * AEN - 4.487 * PFW + 6.061 * PFH - 1.003 * AX - 0.328 * AEX. The anti-aging efficacy and safety of the eye cream were confirmed through combined treatment with Fotona 4D, showing improvements in wrinkles, elasticity, and dark circles under the eyes. In a large-scale clinical evaluation using this eye cream, a perceived age prediction model was applied, suggesting that 8 weeks of use made participants appear 2.25 years younger. CONCLUSION: Our study developed and validated a multiple linear regression model to predict the perceived age of Chinese Han women. This model was successfully utilized in a large-scale clinical evaluation of anti-aging eye cream, revealing that 8 weeks of usage made participants appear 2.25 years younger. This method effectively bridges the gap between clinical research and consumer perceptions, explores the complex factors influencing perceived age, and aims to improve anti-aging formulations.

Heating of metallic orthodontic devices during anti-aging treatment with vacuum and electromagnetic fields: In vitro study.

BACKGROUND: The physical appearance of an individual plays a primary role as it influences the opinion of the viewer. For this reason, orthodontic therapy to improve perceived aesthetics is in high demand among patients. This factor, combined with the increase in the number of non-invasive facial aesthetic treatments, has led to the need to understand potential risk factors in the application of medical devices to the perioral skin in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro heating of the orthodontic bracket following electromagnetic fields and negative pressure (V-EMF) used as an anti-aging treatment. METHODS: Two different types of titanium alloy wires, one made of "beta-Titanium" alloy and the other "Ni-Ti" (DW Lingual Systems GmbH-Bad Essen-Germany) were used. The orthodontic wires and brackets mounted on a resin mouth were covered with porcine muscle tissue, then subjected to anti-aging therapy with a Bi-one LifeTouchTherapy medical device (Expo Italia Srl-Florence-Italy) which generates a combination of vacuum and electromagnetic fields (V-EMF) already adopted for antiaging therapy. During administration of the therapy, the orthodontic brackets and porcine tissue were thermally monitored using a Wavetek Materman TMD90 thermal probe (Willtek Communications GmbH-Germany). In total 20 orthodontic mouths were used, 10 with Beta Titanium wires and 10 with Nickel Titanium wires. RESULTS: A temperature increase of about 1°C was recorded in each group. The outcome of the present research shows that the absolute temperatures measured on orthodontic appliances, which, despite having a slightly different curve, both show an increase in temperature of 1.1°C at the end of the session, thus falling well within the safety range of 2°C as specified by the standard CENELEC EN 45502-1. Therefore, V-EMF therapy can be considered safe for the entire dental system and for metal prostheses, which tend to heat up at most as much as biological tissue (+0.9°C/1.1°C vs. 1.1°C/1.1°C). CONCLUSION: In conclusion, anti-aging therapy with V-EMF causes a thermal increase on orthodontic brackets that is not harmful to pulp health.

Berberine attenuates brain aging via stabilizing redox homeostasis and inflammation in an accelerated senescence model of Wistar rats.

Aging is a multifaceted and progressive physiological change of the organism categorized by the accumulation of deteriorating processes, which ultimately compromise the biological functions. The objective of this study was to investigate the anti-aging potential of berberine (BBR) in D-galactose (D-Gal) induced aging in rat models. In this study, male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: The control group was given only vehicle, the BBR group was treated with berberine orally, the D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose subcutaneously and the BBR + D-Gal group was treated with D-galactose and berberine simultaneously. D-galactose exposure elevated the pro-oxidants such as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in the brain. It decreased the anti-oxidants such as reduced glutathione (GSH) and ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) in the brain. D-galactose treatment also reduced the mitochondrial complexes (I, II, III and IV) activities and elevated the inflammatory markers such as interleukine-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP). The mRNA expressions of IL-6 and TNF-α in the brain were upregulated following D-galactose exposure. Berberine co-treatment in D-galactose induced aging rat model prevented the alteration of pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant in the brain. Berberine treatment restored the mitochondrial complex activities in the brain and also normalized the inflammatory markers. Based on these findings we conclude that berberine treatment has the potential to mitigate brain aging in rats via stabilizing the redox equilibrium and neuroinflammation.

Induction of Autophagy by Extract from Corydalis heterocarpa for Skin Anti-Aging.

The extracts of Corydalis heterocarpa, a salt-tolerant plant, exhibit diverse physiological properties, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antiadipogenic effects. However, the anti-aging effects of C. heterocarpa extract (CHE) on human skin cells have not yet been investigated. In the present study, we determined that CHE inhibited senescence-associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal)-stained senescent human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Furthermore, CHE markedly suppressed the expression of major regulatory proteins involved in senescence, including p53, p21, and caveolin-1. Interestingly, CHE promoted autophagic flux, as confirmed by the formation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B (LC3B) puncta and lysosomal activity. Notably, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), we showed that CHE selectively regulated the gene expression of leucine-rich repeat and sterile alpha motif-containing 1 (LRSAM1), an important regulator of autophagy. The adenosine-monophosphate activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (AMPK/mTOR) pathway, which is essential for autophagy regulation, was also modulated by CHE. LRSAM1 depletion not only inhibited LC3B expression but also decreased the autophagy flux induced by CHE. Moreover, the knockdown of LRSAM1 suppressed the reversal of CHE-induced senescence in old HDFs. Collectively, our study has revealed the rejuvenating effects and molecular mechanisms of CHE, suggesting that CHE may be a promising anti-aging agent.

Unlocking the Therapeutic Potential of Marine Collagen: A Scientific Exploration for Delaying Skin Aging.

Aging is closely associated with collagen degradation, impacting the structure and strength of the muscles, joints, bones, and skin. The continuous aging of the skin is a natural process that is influenced by extrinsic factors such as UV exposure, dietary patterns, smoking habits, and cosmetic supplements. Supplements that contain collagen can act as remedies that help restore vitality and youth to the skin, helping combat aging. Notably, collagen supplements enriched with essential amino acids such as proline and glycine, along with marine fish collagen, have become popular for their safety and effectiveness in mitigating the aging process. To compile the relevant literature on the anti-aging applications of marine collagen, a search and analysis of peer-reviewed papers was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase, covering publications from 1991 to 2024. From in vitro to in vivo experiments, the reviewed studies elucidate the anti-aging benefits of marine collagen, emphasizing its role in combating skin aging by minimizing oxidative stress, photodamage, and the appearance of wrinkles. Various bioactive marine peptides exhibit diverse anti-aging properties, including free radical scavenging, apoptosis inhibition, lifespan extension in various organisms, and protective effects in aging humans. Furthermore, the topical application of hyaluronic acid is discussed as a mechanism to increase collagen production and skin moisture, contributing to the anti-aging effects of collagen supplementation. The integration of bio-tissue engineering in marine collagen applications is also explored, highlighting its proven utility in skin healing and bone regeneration applications. However, limitations to the scope of its application exist. Thus, by delving into these nuanced considerations, this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the potential and challenges associated with marine collagen in the realm of anti-aging applications.